Worldwide Inquiries into Natural Eternity—Wine: Chemical Composition, Stability, Health Benefits, and Authenticity Issues

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Analytical Methods".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 5003

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Patras, G. Seferi 2, 30100 Agrinio, Greece
Interests: food chemistry; food analysis; food authentication; food technology; food packaging; nutritional aspects of foods; fermented products; natural antioxidants
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Special Issue Information

Wine is one of the oldest alcoholic beverages known to humanity, and it is quite a complex matrix. It is probably the beverage with the most sophisticated diversity, which in turn attracts enormous attention from consumers worldwide, across many cultures, and requires it to undergo meticulous “screening” processes by the research society. The composition and stable properties of wine can be affected by both viticultural (climate, soil, water, grape variety, grape-growing practices, etc.) and enological factors (condition of grapes, fermentation, post-fermentation treatments, aging, etc.). Furthermore, proper consumption of wine, especially red wine, has been associated with numerous health benefits. Nutraceuticals are the focus of much research, and have gained recognition from researchers and consumers alike. At the same time, chemometrics is the primary tool that researchers use to efficiently allocate the investigated matrix into a specific group (geographical origin or varietal origin), and highlight, among other things, the specific product status, such as PDO (protected designation of origin) and PGI (protected geographical indication), and even the special nutritional character. Considering the aforementioned points, the aim of this Special Issue is to collect the most recent studies dealing with the compositional characterization, authentication, and the potential use of different wine varieties as an elixir of youth and a natural “ticket to eternity”.

Dr. Ioannis K. Karabagias
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • wine
  • varietal composition
  • stability
  • health benefits
  • chemometrics
  • authenticity

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 2576 KiB  
Article
A Molecular Toolbox to Identify and Quantify Grape Varieties: On the Trace of “Glera”
by Ilaria Carrara, Valeria Terzi, Roberta Ghizzoni, Stefano Delbono, Giorgio Tumino, Manna Crespan, Massimo Gardiman, Enrico Francia and Caterina Morcia
Foods 2023, 12(16), 3091; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12163091 - 17 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1055
Abstract
A pillar of wine authenticity is the variety/ies used. Ampelographic descriptors and SSR markers, included in several national and international databases, are extensively used for varietal identification purposes. Recently, SNP markers have been proposed as useful for grape varietal identification and traceability. Our [...] Read more.
A pillar of wine authenticity is the variety/ies used. Ampelographic descriptors and SSR markers, included in several national and international databases, are extensively used for varietal identification purposes. Recently, SNP markers have been proposed as useful for grape varietal identification and traceability. Our study has been directed toward the development of a molecular toolbox able to track grape varieties from the nursery to the must. Two complementary approaches were developed, exploiting SNP markers with two different technologies, i.e., a high-throughput platform for varietal identification and a digital PCR system for varietal quantification. As proof-of-concept, the toolbox was successfully applied to the identification and quantification of the “Glera” variety along the Prosecco wine production chain. The assays developed found their limits in commercial, aged wines. Full article
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19 pages, 20357 KiB  
Article
13C NMR-Based Chemical Fingerprint for the Varietal and Geographical Discrimination of Wines
by Alberto Mannu, Ioannis K. Karabagias, Maria Enrica Di Pietro, Salvatore Baldino, Vassilios K. Karabagias and Anastasia V. Badeka
Foods 2020, 9(8), 1040; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9081040 - 02 Aug 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3142
Abstract
A fast, economic, and eco-friendly methodology for the wine variety and geographical origin differentiation using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data in combination with machine learning was developed. Wine samples of different grape varieties cultivated in different regions in Greece were subjected [...] Read more.
A fast, economic, and eco-friendly methodology for the wine variety and geographical origin differentiation using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data in combination with machine learning was developed. Wine samples of different grape varieties cultivated in different regions in Greece were subjected to 13C NMR analysis. The relative integrals of the 13C spectral window were processed and extracted to build a chemical fingerprint for the characterization of each specific wine variety, and then subjected to factor analysis, multivariate analysis of variance, and k-nearest neighbors analysis. The statistical analysis results showed that the 13C NMR fingerprint could be used as a rapid and accurate indicator of the wine variety differentiation. An almost perfect classification rate based on training (99.8%) and holdout methods (99.9%) was obtained. Results were further tested on the basis of Cronbach’s alpha reliability analysis, where a very low random error (0.30) was estimated, indicating the accuracy and strength of the aforementioned methodology for the discrimination of the wine variety. The obtained data were grouped according to the geographical origin of wine samples and further subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The PLS-DA and variable importance in projection (VIP) allowed the determination of a chemical fingerprint characteristic of each geographical group. The statistical analysis revealed the possibility of acquiring useful information on wines, by simply processing the 13C NMR raw data, without the need to determine any specific metabolomic profile. In total, the obtained fingerprint can be used for the development of rapid quality-control methodologies concerning wine. Full article
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