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Green Extraction, Separation, and Purification of Food Ingredients

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A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Engineering and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 8379

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Zhijian Tan

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Guest Editor

Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
Interests: bioactive ingredients in food resources; food packaging; food preservation; biodegradable materials; green solvents; deep eutectic solvents; ionic liquids; bio-based solvents; solid–liquid extraction; liquid–liquid extraction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Chunsheng Hou

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Guest Editor

Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
Interests: identification of bioactive compounds of natural products; characterization of plant-derived functional components; assessment of the function of bioactive compounds of natural products; biosynthesis of bioactive compounds; application of bioactive compound biomaterials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Traditional organic solvents have been widely used in the extraction, separation and purification of various bioactive ingredients in food resources. However, these solvents are volatile, flammable, and even toxic, causing potential safety hazards. Recently, green solvents (water, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, supercritical fluids, switchable solvents, bio-based solvents, surfactants, etc.) and some novel materials have been developed for the extraction, separation and purification of various bioactive ingredients in food resources, including enzymes, peptides, proteins, (poly)phenols, polysaccharides, flavones, terpenes, and so on.

This Special Issue, “Green extraction, separation, and purification of food ingredients” aims to collect and disseminate some of the most significant and recent contributions on the green extraction, separation, and purification of food ingredients using green solvents or novel environment-friendly materials.

For this Special Issue on “Green extraction, separation, and purification of food ingredients”, we invite researchers to submit original research and review articles that introduce the latest progress in the green extraction and separation of food ingredients. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following topics.

Prof. Dr. Zhijian Tan
Prof. Dr. Chunsheng Hou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Foods is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

food bioactive ingredients
green solvents
deep eutectic solvents
ionic liquids
switchable solvents
bio-based solvents
supercritical fluids
surfactants
novel environment-friendly materials
extraction and separation

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1204 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for Solubility and Selective Fractionation of Bioactive Low Molecular Weight Carbohydrates

by Ignacio Jiménez-Amezcua, Manuel Ignacio López Martínez, Ana Isabel Ruiz Matute and María Luz Sanz

Foods 2023, 12(23), 4355; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12234355 - 02 Dec 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 934

Abstract

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) have been shown to be selective and environmentally friendly solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds. However, studies on the solubility of low-molecular-weight carbohydrates (LMWCs) in NADESs are scarce. In this work, new solubility data of LMWCs in NADESs are provided and a new approach based on the use of these solvents for the efficient fractionation of bioactive carbohydrates was explored for the first time. Several mono- and disaccharides and three NADESs based on choline chloride (ChCl) and different donors (2-ethylene glycol (EtG), glycerol (Gly) and ethanedioic acid dihydrate (Eth)) were considered. While the degradation of carbohydrates, mainly ketoses, was detected with ChCl:Eth due to its acidic nature, ChCl:EtG and ChCl:Gly were found to be useful alternatives for selectively separating bioactive ketoses and their corresponding aldoses (e.g., lactulose/lactose and tagatose/galactose) present in equimolar binary mixtures. In addition, the usefulness of ChCl:EtG for the selective enrichment of lactulose to be used as food ingredient or nutraceutical was proven (from a 25% in the reaction mixture to a 56% in the purified sample). NADESs could be used for the selective fractionation of value-added carbohydrates from interfering sugars for several applications, including food science, engineering or pharmaceuticals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Extraction, Separation, and Purification of Food Ingredients)

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18 pages, 3213 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multi-Index Comprehensive Assessment Optimized Critical Flavonoids Extraction from Semen Hoveniae and Their In Vitro Digestive Behavior Evaluation

by Xiaomei Fu, Yan Tan, Meng Shi, Chaoxi Zeng and Si Qin

Foods 2023, 12(4), 773; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12040773 - 10 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1554

Abstract

Critical flavonoids from Semen Hoveniae have huge potential bioactivities on hypoglycemic. A multi-index comprehensive assessment based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was performed to optimize the extraction process of flavonoids from Semen Hoveniae, which taking dihydromyricetin, taxifolin, myricetin and quercetin as indexes, and, then, an in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion model was established to investigate the changes of flavonoids contents and their antioxidant capacity before and after digestion. The results showed that three influence factors acted significantly with the order of ethanol concentration > solid-liquid ratio > ultrasound time. The optimized extraction parameters were as follows: 1:37 w/v of solid-liquid ratio, 68% of ethanol concentration and 45 min for ultrasonic time. During in vitro digestion, the order of remaining ratio of four flavonoids in the extract was dihydromyricetin > taxifolin > myricetin > quercetin in gastric digestion, and remaining ratio of taxifolin was 34.87% while others were restructured in intestinal digestion. Furthermore, the 1,1-dipheny-2-picryhydrazyl free radical (DPPH ·) scavenging ability and oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) of extract were more stable in gastric digestion. After an hour’s intestinal digestion, the extract had no DPPH antioxidant capacity, but amazingly, its ORAC antioxidant capacity was retained or increased, which implied that substances were transformed and more hydrogen donors were produced. This study has carried out a preliminary discussion from the perspective of extraction and put forward a new research idea, to improve the in vivo bioavailability of the critical flavonoids from Semen Hoveniae. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Extraction, Separation, and Purification of Food Ingredients)

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14 pages, 2759 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Extraction of Ursolic Acid from Apple Peel with Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents: Comparison between Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Networks

by Haiyan Li, Yugang Liu, Shiyin Guo, Meng Shi, Si Qin and Chaoxi Zeng

Foods 2023, 12(2), 310; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12020310 - 09 Jan 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1856

Abstract

Extracting ursolic acid (UA) from plant resources using organic solvents is incompatible with food applications. To address this, in this study, 15 edible hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDESs) were prepared to extract UA from apple peel, the extraction conditions were optimized, and the optimization strategies were compared. It was found that the solubility of UA in the HDESs can be 9 times higher than the traditional solvent such as ethanol. The response surface optimization concluded that temperature had the greatest effect on the extraction and the optimized test conditions obtained as follows: temperature of 49 °C, time of 32 min, solid–liquid ratio of 1:16.5 g/mL, respectively. Comparing the response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural networks (ANN), it was concluded that ANN has more accurate prediction ability than RSM. Overall, the HDESs are more effective and environmentally friendly than conventional organic solvents to extract UA. The results of this study will facilitate the further exploration of HDES in various food and pharmaceutical applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Extraction, Separation, and Purification of Food Ingredients)

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17 pages, 1613 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Ultrasound-Assisted Strategy for Simultaneous Extraction of Five Macamides from Lepidium meyenii Walp and In Vitro Bioactivities

by Keke Li, Zhongyu Li, Lei Men, Jiwen Li and Xiaojie Gong

Foods 2023, 12(2), 248; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12020248 - 05 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1222

Abstract

This study aimed to develop an integrated approach of deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasound-assisted extraction (DES–UAE) to simultaneously extract five major bioactive macamides from the roots of Lepidium meyenii Walp. Ten different DESs containing choline chloride and selected hydrogen-bond donors were prepared and evaluated based on the extracted macamide content determination using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Choline chloride/1,6-hexanediol in a 1:2 molar ratio with 20% water exhibited the most promising extraction efficiencies under the optimized parameters verified using single-factor optimization as well as Box–Behnken design. Using the optimized DES–UAE method, the extraction efficiencies of the five macamides were up to 40.3% higher compared to those using the most favorable organic solvent petroleum ether and were also superior to those of the other extraction methods, such as heating and combination of heating and stirring. Furthermore, using the macroporous resin HPD-100, the recoveries of the five target macamides from the DES extraction reached 85.62–92.25%. The 20 μg/mL group of the five macamide extracts showed superior neuroprotective activity against PC12 cell injury than that of the positive drug nimodipine. The macamide extracts also showed higher NO inhibition in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Thus, the developed approach was a green and potential alternative that can be used to extract bioactive macamide constituents from L. meyenii in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Extraction, Separation, and Purification of Food Ingredients)

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12 pages, 1920 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Ethanolic Two-Phase System Based on Deep Eutectic Solvents and Amphiphilic Copolymer for the Extraction of Neohesperidin and Naringin from the Pomelo Peel

by Shanshan Wang, Zongkui Qin, Yicong Wang, Leilei Liu and Zhijian Tan

Foods 2022, 11(17), 2590; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11172590 - 26 Aug 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1453

Abstract

A novel ethanolic two-phase system (ETPS) composed of Pluronic^®L-64 (PL 64) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) was constructed for the separation of two similar flavonoids of naringin (Nar) and neohesperidin (Neo) from the pomelo peel. The selectivity (S) data showed that DES prepared from tetrabutylammonium bromide (N₄₄₄₄Br) and glycerol (Gly) had the optimal distribution efficiency for Nar and Neo standards. A binodal curve of N₄₄₄₄Br-Gly/PL 64/ethanol system fitted to the nonlinear Merchuk relationship showed that the biphasic region was narrow for ETPS. The influences of the mass ratio of DESs and PL 64, DES concentration, PL 64 concentration, molar ratio of DESs, temperature, phosphate buffer solution, and ethanolic pH were studied in single-factor experiments. Under the optimal conditions, the maximum extraction efficiency (E_Nar = 68.32%, E_Neo = 86.09%), partition coefficient (K_Nar = 6.66, K_Neo = 19.13), and S (2.88) were obtained in the DESs-rich (bottom) phase. N₄₄₄₄Br-Gly, Nar, and Neo with recovery yields of 78.12%, 66.61%, and 68.03%, respectively, had been recovered using D101 macroporous resin. This proposed ETPS is efficient and environmentally friendly and is expected to avail meaningful references for the separation of natural products with similar structures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Extraction, Separation, and Purification of Food Ingredients)

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