Nutritional and Immunomodulatory Properties of Active Ingredients in Foods: Reacting with Gut Microbes

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 2296

Special Issue Editors

School of Animal Science and Technology of Hainan University, Haikou, China
Interests: functional foods; polysaccharide; immunomodulation; gut microbes

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Guest Editor
Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Interests: food and feed resource; biotransformation; enzyme; microbe resource; biotechnology; GM food

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Active ingredients in foods are often polysaccharides, saponines, flavonoids, polyphenols and polypeptides. Many extracts from foods such as fish oil, tea polyphenols and curcumin show important roles in medicine and have been used in the clinic because of their nutritional and immunomodulatory properties. Gut microbes play important roles in these properties. They change the structure of the active ingredients through enzymatic reactions. On the other hand, the active ingredients can also change the abundance of gut microbes and metabolites. As we obtain these ingredients daily from our diet, it is important to further understand the role of gut microbes in active ingredients from foods, especially the nutritional and immunomodulatory properties. This Special Issue aims to gather original contributions including the reactions between the active ingredients from foods and gut microbes to help understand food’s function in our daily diet.

We look forward to your valued contribution.

Dr. Yun Chen
Dr. Peilong Yang
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • functional foods
  • natural products
  • polysaccharides
  • polypeptides
  • polyphenols
  • immunomodulatory properties
  • nutritional properties
  • gut microbes

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 4400 KiB  
Article
Blueberry–Mulberry Extract Alleviates Cognitive Impairment, Regulates Gut Metabolites, and Inhibits Inflammation in Aged Mice
by Hui Li, Changhao Xiao, Feng Wang, Xuqi Guo, Zhongkai Zhou and Yugang Jiang
Foods 2023, 12(4), 860; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12040860 - 17 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1826
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is associated with aging; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Our previous study found that polyphenol-rich blueberry–mulberry extract (BME) had an antioxidant capability and effectively alleviated cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Thus, we hypothesized that BME would [...] Read more.
Cognitive impairment is associated with aging; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Our previous study found that polyphenol-rich blueberry–mulberry extract (BME) had an antioxidant capability and effectively alleviated cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Thus, we hypothesized that BME would improve cognitive performance in naturally aging mice and assessed its effects on related signaling pathways. Eighteen-month-old C57BL/6J mice were gavaged with 300 mg/kg/d of BME for 6 weeks. Behavioral phenotypes, cytokine levels, tight junction protein levels, and the histopathology of the brain were assessed, and 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and targeted metabolome analyses were used for gut microbiota and metabolite measurements. Our results showed that the cognitive performance of aged mice in the Morris water maze test was improved after BME treatment, neuronal loss was reduced, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the brain and intestine were decreased, and the levels of intestinal tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin) were increased. Further, 16S sequencing showed that BME significantly increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Lactococcus and decreased the relative abundance of Blautia, Lachnoclostridium, and Roseburia in the gut. A targeted metabolomic analysis showed that BME significantly increased the levels of 21 metabolites, including α-linolenic acid, vanillic acid, and N-acetylserotonin. In conclusion, BME alters the gut microbiota and regulates gut metabolites in aged mice, which may contribute to the alleviation of cognitive impairment and to inflammation inhibition in both the brain and the gut. Our results provide a basis for future research on natural antioxidant intervention as a treatment strategy for aging-related cognitive impairment. Full article
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