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15 pages, 3119 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis of Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis) in the Yangtze and Liaohe Rivers

by Lin Zhou, Jiancao Gao, Yanping Yang, Zhijuan Nie, Kai Liu and Gangchun Xu

Fishes 2023, 8(5), 253; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8050253 - 10 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1341

Abstract

Recently, the economic traits of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) varieties have had a negative tendency. Meanwhile, the status of wild germplasm resources of E. sinensis is unknown, hindering the utilization of wild germplasm resources and the green development of the [...] Read more.

Recently, the economic traits of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) varieties have had a negative tendency. Meanwhile, the status of wild germplasm resources of E. sinensis is unknown, hindering the utilization of wild germplasm resources and the green development of the E. sinensis industry. Thus, the conservation of the wild E. sinensis germplasm resource is of great significance. To this end, we collected wild E. sinensis from two different river basins, the Yangtze River basin, and the Liaohe River basin, and analyzed the genetic diversity as well as the genetic differentiation in E. sinensis populations. Based on eight microsatellite markers, we found moderate genetic diversity in E. sinensis populations regardless of river basin. Based on the mitochondrial D-loop region, we found that all populations are at mutation drift equilibrium, while the Nm between any two populations is greater than 1. We hypothesized the existence of island model gene flow patterns among E. sinensis. Interestingly, genetic differentiation among E. sinensis populations was low, except that between Liaohe and Anqing or Shanghai populations. Additionally, geometric morphological analysis could distinguish E. sinensis from different basins, with an accuracy of 94.2–100%. Given the similar genetic diversity in the two basins, the genetic convergence of E. sinensis from different basins deserves further attention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Crab Aquaculture)

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12 pages, 1674 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dynamic Distribution of Mesanophrys sp. and Tissue Enzyme Activities in Experimentally Infected Mud Crab Scylla paramamosain

by Kexin Zhang, Weiren Zhang, Ronghua Li, Junkai Lu, Qingwei Chen, Haojie Hu, Fei Yin, Changkao Mu, Weiwei Song and Chunlin Wang

Fishes 2023, 8(5), 249; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8050249 - 08 May 2023

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Abstract

Mesanophrys sp. is reported to be highly pathogenic to marine crustaceans. This study presents the first report of Mesanophrys sp. infection in the mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). In this study, we first recorded the survival rates of an experimentally infected group [...] Read more.

Mesanophrys sp. is reported to be highly pathogenic to marine crustaceans. This study presents the first report of Mesanophrys sp. infection in the mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). In this study, we first recorded the survival rates of an experimentally infected group and a control group; the cumulative survival rate in the infected group was significantly lower compared to the control group after 72 h (73.20% vs. 94.19%), while the highest mortality of S. paramamosain occurred within the first 24 h post-infection. Then, we investigated the dynamic distribution and tissue tropism of the Mesanophrys sp. in the infected S. paramamosain by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The result showed that a significant increase in the number of Mesanophrys sp. could be detected in all tested tissues (obtained from the eyestalks, gills, heart, nerves, muscles and hepatopancreas) at 3 h post-infection. The numbers of Mesanophrys sp. in the gill, eyestalk and nerve tissues were relatively higher than in the other tissues. The gill tissue showed the highest numbers from 6 to 48 h. Histopathological observation found a severe collapse in the filament structure, which indicated tissue-specific pathogen infection. Furthermore, the antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in three representative tissues (gill, muscle and hepatopancreas) were compared between the infected and control groups, and a significant increase in enzyme activity was observed in all three tested tissues in the infected group, indicating a relatively strong innate immune defense reaction that could have been induced by Mesanophrys sp. infection. These results will be helpful to Mesanophrys sp. pathogenicity-related research and the control of this pathogen in S. Paramamosain in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Crab Aquaculture)

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14 pages, 1453 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Survival, Energy Status, and Cellular Stress Responses of the Juvenile Swimming Crab Portunus trituberculatus under Acute Nitrite Stress

by Xiaochen Liu, Daixia Wang, Yan Shang, Xuee Yu, Baoquan Gao, Jianjian Lv, Jitao Li, Ping Liu, Jian Li and Xianliang Meng

Fishes 2023, 8(4), 215; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8040215 - 19 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1390

Abstract

Nitrite is a common pollutant encountered in aquaculture systems. During intensive hatchery, accumulation of nitrite can cause massive mortality of juvenile crustaceans. However, the nitrite toxicity and cellular stress responses in juvenile crustaceans is not clearly understood. Here, we investigate the survival, energy [...] Read more.

Nitrite is a common pollutant encountered in aquaculture systems. During intensive hatchery, accumulation of nitrite can cause massive mortality of juvenile crustaceans. However, the nitrite toxicity and cellular stress responses in juvenile crustaceans is not clearly understood. Here, we investigate the survival, energy metabolism, and cellular stress responses in juvenile P. trituberculatus, an important aquaculture species in China, under acute nitrite stress. The results revealed nitrite resulted in a significant decrease in survival rate of juvenile swimming crab. After nitrite exposure, the activity of catabolic enzymes, such as HK, PK, CS, and CPT-1, were initially enhanced, and then they showed significant decrease at the late stage of exposure, accompanied by reduction in ATP and adenylate energy charge (AEC). The impaired energy homeostasis was possibly associated with disturbed AMPK signaling and enhanced anaerobic metabolism, which was indicated by the high levels of LDH activity and HIF-1α expression. Furthermore, we found that nitrite stress can depress antioxidant systems and unfold protein responses, causing oxidative damage and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and this, in turn, can trigger autophagy and apoptosis through both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways. The results of the present study improve our understanding regarding adverse effects of nitrite on P. trituberculatus and provide valuable information for hatchery management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Crab Aquaculture)

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18 pages, 6685 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Identifies MAPK Signaling Pathway Associated with Regulating Ovarian Lipid Metabolism during Vitellogenesis in the Mud Crab, Scylla paramamosain

by Yuanhao Ren, Wei Wang, Yin Fu, Zhiqiang Liu, Ming Zhao, Likun Xu, Tianyong Zhan, Ting Huang, Minghao Luo, Wei Chen, Chunyan Ma, Fengying Zhang, Keji Jiang and Lingbo Ma

Fishes 2023, 8(3), 145; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8030145 - 28 Feb 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1551

Abstract

The mud crab, Scylla paramamosain, has abundant nutrients in the ovary, where numerous lipids accumulate during ovarian maturation. However, the mechanism behind the accumulation of lipids in the ovary of mud crab during ovarian maturation is largely unknown. This study conducted a [...] Read more.

The mud crab, Scylla paramamosain, has abundant nutrients in the ovary, where numerous lipids accumulate during ovarian maturation. However, the mechanism behind the accumulation of lipids in the ovary of mud crab during ovarian maturation is largely unknown. This study conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis of the ovaries of mud crabs at various stages of ovarian maturation. A total of 63.69 Gb of clean data was obtained, with a Q30 of 93.34%, and 81,893 unigenes were identified, including 10,996 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). After KEGG enrichment of these DEGs, MAPK signaling pathway was significantly enriched during vitellogenesis. Moreover, the expression levels of genes involved in carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism were found to be higher during vitellogenesis. The two genes (Sp-Eip75B and Sp-Eip78C) that are homologous to the vertebrate gene PPARγ in the PPAR signaling pathway, were identified. Additionally, genes in MAPK signaling pathway might regulate lipid metabolism through PPAR signaling pathway based on Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network. These findings suggest that MAPK signaling pathway plays a critical role in lipid metabolism in the ovary during vitellogenesis, which provides new insights into the mechanism of lipid accumulation during ovarian maturation in mud crabs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Crab Aquaculture)

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14 pages, 2656 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperEditor’s ChoiceArticle

The Effect of Food Deprivation on Foraging Behavior and Digestive and Metabolic Capacities of the Chinese Mitten Crab, Eriocheir sinensis

by Qiaolin Long, Jian Liu, Yunfei Sun, Zhigang Yang, Boping Tang and Yongxu Cheng

Fishes 2023, 8(1), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8010047 - 11 Jan 2023

Viewed by 1436

Abstract

Food deprivation is a common stress in crustaceans that can affect their behavior and physiology. In this study, a video recording analysis system was used to compare the predation rate and behavior of the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, foraging on the [...] Read more.

Food deprivation is a common stress in crustaceans that can affect their behavior and physiology. In this study, a video recording analysis system was used to compare the predation rate and behavior of the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, foraging on the freshwater snail, Bellamya quadrata, under different degrees of food deprivation. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase, α-amylase, pepsin, and lipase in the hepatopancreas of crabs were determined after food deprivation for 0, 3, 9, and 15 days. The results showed that the predation and encounter rates of E. sinensis increased and then decreased with an increase in food deprivation time. The proportion of stationary time of E. sinensis initially decreased and then increased, whereas the proportion of searching and handling time increased initially and then decreased. There was a significant difference in the probability of capture upon encountering; however, food deprivation did not significantly affect the probability of consumption upon capture. Under food deprivation, the proportion of E. sinensis crushing tactics after nine-day food deprivation was significantly lower than that in the first nine days. Lactate dehydrogenase activity in the E. sinensis hepatopancreas after food deprivation was significantly higher than that in those not subjected to food deprivation, and the activities of α-amylase and pepsin in the hepatopancreas were consistent with the predation rate trend, showing an initial increase followed by a decrease. In conclusion, different degrees of food deprivation significantly affected the predation cycle of E. sinensis on B. quadrata. These results lay a solid foundation for further studies on the foraging behavioral ecology of E. sinensis and provide important information for improving E. sinensis production. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Crab Aquaculture)

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12 pages, 680 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Genetic Diversity and Differences among Three F₁ Families and Two Wild Populations of Genus Scylla Using Microsatellite Markers

by Weifeng Gao, Wenxiao Cui, Fangchun Wu, Huiying Chen, Simin Liu, Mengyun Guan, Hafiz Sohaib Ahmed Saqib, Shaopan Ye, Mhd Ikhwanuddin and Hongyu Ma

Fishes 2023, 8(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8010018 - 27 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1649

Abstract

Genetic diversity is the determinant of the allocation of germplasm resources in the genetic improvement of aquaculture species. In this study, three F₁ families, including a hybrid Scylla family (S. paramamosain ♂ × S. serrata ♀), a paternal family of S. [...] Read more.

Genetic diversity is the determinant of the allocation of germplasm resources in the genetic improvement of aquaculture species. In this study, three F₁ families, including a hybrid Scylla family (S. paramamosain ♂ × S. serrata ♀), a paternal family of S. paramamosain, a maternal family of S. serrata, and two wild populations, including a paternal population of S. paramamosain and a maternal population of S. serrata, were used to investigate the genetic diversity and genetic difference. The results indicated that 98 alleles of nine microsatellites loci were observed in five Scylla populations. The highest average value of Ho (observed heterozygosity), He (expected heterozygosity), and PIC (polymorphic information content) of the wild S. paramamosain population were 0.790, 0.799, and 0.771, respectively, suggesting the wild paternal population has high genetic diversity. The comparative analysis of PIC, Fst (fixation index), and HWE (Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium) indicated that the paternal S. paramamosain may be more suitable for artificial breeding than the maternal S. serrata from the perspective of allele frequency. Analysis of molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) showed that the total genetic variation mainly occurred within populations (73.28%), demonstrating that artificial breeding may induce genetic differentiation of the family groups of Scylla. The results of the analysis of Fst value, UPGMA (unweighted pair-group mean analysis) dendrogram, and genetic diversity indicated that the F₁ hybrid offspring had a close genetic distance and high genetic identity with the paternal S. paramamosain populations. It indicated that the F₁ hybrid offspring showed potential paternal genetic affinities and a similar potential for artificial breeding with S. paramamosain. The study will provide valuable information to evaluate the difference in the genetic diversity and population structure between hybrid offspring and distinct parental populations of Scylla. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Crab Aquaculture)

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13 pages, 5997 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Cloning of Two HSP Genes of Eriocheir hepuensis and Their Expression under Vibrio parahaemolyticus Stress

by Qianni Fu, Jinxia Liu, Tianjiao Ren, Zining Zhang, Zihang Ma, Zhenyu Lan, Yitao Duan, Ziwei Liang, Boyu Chen, Yan Zhang, Peng Zhu and Yongyan Liao

Fishes 2022, 7(6), 372; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7060372 - 05 Dec 2022

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Abstract

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperone proteins that can help maintain cellular protein homeostasis, assist in correcting the folding of cellular proteins, and protect organisms from stress when the body is under stress conditions such as temperature changes or bacterial infections. In [...] Read more.

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperone proteins that can help maintain cellular protein homeostasis, assist in correcting the folding of cellular proteins, and protect organisms from stress when the body is under stress conditions such as temperature changes or bacterial infections. In this study, the HSP10 and HSP40 genes of Eriocheir hepuensis were cloned and named Eh-HSP10 and Eh-HSP40. The results show that the coding sequence length of the HSP10 and HSP40 genes of E. hepuensis was 309 bp and 1191 bp, encoding 102 and 396 amino acids, respectively. The results of protein domain prediction show that Eh-HSP10 has a Cpn10 domain. The Eh-HSP40 protein contains a DnaJ domain, which is characteristic of the HSP40 gene family. The results of qRT-PCR show that the Eh-HSP10 and Eh-HSP40 genes were expressed in different normal tissues, with the highest expression in the heart. Under Vibrio parahaemolyticus stress, the Eh-HSP10 genes peaked at 6 h, and the Eh-HSP40 peaked at 9 h in the hepatopancreas. In the gill, Eh-HSP10 showed a double peak at 24 and 48 h, and the expression of Eh-HSP40 was time-dependent. In the heart, the expression of Eh-HSP10 increased first and then decreased, whereas Eh-HSP40 peaked at 48 h. The results indicate that the Eh-HSP10 and Eh-HSP40 proteins may play a role in protecting E. hepuensis under V. parahaemolyticus infection and that they may be involved in the innate immune response of E. hepuensis against bacteria. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Crab Aquaculture)

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16 pages, 1587 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Polyculture Affects the Growth, Antioxidant Status, Nutrient Content, and Flavor of Chinese Mitten Crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) and Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)

by Silu Che, Shiheng Li, Quanjie Li, Yi Sun, Zhaowei Zheng, Zhijuan Nie, Zhonglin Tang, Peipei Wang, Jiancao Gao and Gangchun Xu

Fishes 2022, 7(6), 355; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7060355 - 28 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1529

Abstract

Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) are popular with consumers in China. In recent years, the polyculture of these two species has received more attention, but little is known about how their interactions affect their [...] Read more.

Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) are popular with consumers in China. In recent years, the polyculture of these two species has received more attention, but little is known about how their interactions affect their commercially important traits. In this study, we set up an E. sinensis monoculture group (EM), a M. salmoides monoculture group (MM), and a polyculture group containing both species (EP) and compared the growth parameters, antioxidant statuses, nutritional compositions, and flavor qualities of crabs and fish between the different culture modes. Growth parameters in male crabs and largemouth bass were significantly higher in the EP group than in the EM and MM groups, respectively. Crabs in the EM and EP groups did not differ significantly in malondialdehyde content or glutathione peroxidase activity, regardless of the sampling time, which suggests that crabs in these groups had similar antioxidant and immunity capacities. Compared to the MM group, the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase of largemouth bass in the EP group were higher, indicating the superior antioxidant capacity of fish in the polyculture mode. Alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activities of both crabs and largemouth bass fluctuated with time in all groups, indicating their important roles in maintaining the health of these cultured species. The amino acid and fatty acid contents of edible tissues were similar between the EM and EP groups and the MM and EP groups, suggesting comparable flavor and quality of edible tissues in crabs and largemouth bass between culture modes. This study provides theoretical support for the polyculture of Chinese mitten crabs and largemouth bass. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Crab Aquaculture)

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19 pages, 1567 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Feed Efficiency, Tissue Growth and Energy Budget Changes during the Molting Cycle of Juvenile Mud Crab, Scylla serrata: Effects of Dietary Proteins, Fishmeal versus Soy Protein Concentrate

by Ngoc Thi Bich Nguyen, Laurent Wantiez, Pierrette Lemaire and Liet Chim

Fishes 2022, 7(6), 334; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7060334 - 15 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1961

Abstract

Three isoenergetic diets differing in their fishmeal/soy protein concentrate (SPC) ratio were assessed on the tissue growth and energy budget of juvenile crabs Scylla serrata in postmolt stages (PMolt) and in intermolt stages (IMolt). The average growth rates on a dry matter basis [...] Read more.

Three isoenergetic diets differing in their fishmeal/soy protein concentrate (SPC) ratio were assessed on the tissue growth and energy budget of juvenile crabs Scylla serrata in postmolt stages (PMolt) and in intermolt stages (IMolt). The average growth rates on a dry matter basis were 2.064 ± 0.324% and 0.492 ± 0.08% initial BW.day⁻¹ during PMolt and IMolt stages, respectively. The efficiencies of the feed conversion (FCE, %), protein retention (PRE, %) and energy retention (ERE, %) were similar for the three experimental diets. However, FCE, PRE and ERE in PMolt stages were four to five times higher than in IMolt stages. The feed intake, energy and protein required for growth in PMolt stages were obviously higher than in IMolt stages. The energy budgets (% total energy intake) were marginally affected by diet but were significantly affected by the molt stage. The maintenance energy was lower in PMolt stages (49.84 ± 4.9%) than in IMolt stages (83.33 ± 2.45%). The excess in maintenance energy in IMolt stages represents the portion set aside for the next molt: shell energy content (4.97 ± 0.31%) and energy for ecdysis (±28%). Conversely, recovery energy was significantly higher in PMolt stages (34.39 ± 0.99%) than in IMolt stages (8.33 ± 1.7%). In conclusion, SPC sustained good tissue growth and good feed utilization and can be used as a main source of dietary protein for crab juveniles in captivity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Crab Aquaculture)

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12 pages, 2203 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Shelter Color Selection of Juvenile Swimming Crabs (Portunus trituberculatus)

by Hanzun Zhang, Boshan Zhu, Liye Yu and Fang Wang

Fishes 2022, 7(5), 296; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7050296 - 19 Oct 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1294

Abstract

Color preference testing for animals is a prerequisite for optimizing facilities and ensuring animal welfare in aquaculture. Swimming crabs (Portunus trituberculatus) are aggressive, and shelters are often installed in ponds to reduce the high mortality rate caused by their agonistic behavior. [...] Read more.

Color preference testing for animals is a prerequisite for optimizing facilities and ensuring animal welfare in aquaculture. Swimming crabs (Portunus trituberculatus) are aggressive, and shelters are often installed in ponds to reduce the high mortality rate caused by their agonistic behavior. To test the preference of juvenile crabs for the color of shelters, this study observes the preferences of crabs for shelters of different colors (white, yellow, blue, and black). The counts and duration of crabs occupying different colored shelters were quantified. The probability of fighting and the probability of abandoning the shelter were also calculated. The results revealed that: (i) when all colors were presented simultaneously, the z-scores of the blue shelters were far higher than others during the day; (ii) when only one color was present, crabs occupied the blue shelter significantly more often and for longer periods of time than others during the day, with invasive crabs exacerbating this preference; and (iii) the probability of fighting between crabs was relatively low in the presence of the blue shelter, and the probability of abandoning the shelter was significantly lower than that of others. Based on these results, blue shelters are recommended for use in swimming crab ponds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Crab Aquaculture)

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15 pages, 3842 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Proteomic Analysis Associated with the Immune Response in Hemocytes of Portunus trituberculatus Challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus

by Baoquan Gao, Xianyun Ren, Jianjian Lv, Xianliang Meng, Ping Liu and Jian Li

Fishes 2022, 7(5), 259; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7050259 - 26 Sep 2022

Viewed by 1225

Abstract

Vibrio parahaemolyticus belongs to an expanding group of aquatic pathogens that are widely distributed in aquatic environments. This species is a lethal pathogen for a number of economically important marine crabs. However, studies exploring host–vibrio interactions between V. parahaemolyticus and crabs are scarce, [...] Read more.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus belongs to an expanding group of aquatic pathogens that are widely distributed in aquatic environments. This species is a lethal pathogen for a number of economically important marine crabs. However, studies exploring host–vibrio interactions between V. parahaemolyticus and crabs are scarce, and therefore, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Herein, we performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis to investigate the immune response of Portunus trituberculatus hemocytes to V. parahaemolyticus infection. A total of 4433 proteins were identified using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ), and 526 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were subjected to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, with six DEPs further subjected to quantitative real-time PCR. Several identified DEPs were found to be mainly involved in the immune defense of the crustacean, such as a hemocyanin subunit, C-type lectin, α-2-macroglobulin, Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase, and heat shock protein 70, playing a key role in the response to V. parahaemolyticus infection. Moreover, many immune-related KEGG pathways were markedly altered, such as cell adhesion molecules, complement and coagulation cascades, and phagosomes. Our results provide insights into how V. parahaemolyticus overcomes the innate immunity of P. trituberculatus to induce pathological alterations in affected tissues. We report the first iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis and highlight the key pathways and proteins involved in the host–vibrio interactions between P. trituberculatus and V. parahaemolyticus. These findings should enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying such interactions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Crab Aquaculture)

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16 pages, 1504 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comprehensive Utilization of Land Resources for Photovoltaic Power Generation to Culture Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis): Growth Performance, Nutritional Composition and Tissue Color

by Yangyang Pang, Chao Niu, Lifeng Wu, Yameng Song, Xiaozhe Song, Ao-ya Shi, Xingliang Shi, Zong-wen Wu, Boping Tang, Xiaozhen Yang and Yongxu Cheng

Fishes 2022, 7(4), 207; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7040207 - 18 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1420

Abstract

The assertive growth of photovoltaics (PV) will occupy a lot of land resources. There is also a needed land resource to expand the culturing area of Eriocheir sinensis. The aquavoltaic systems offer a potential solution to integrate PV power and E. sinensis [...] Read more.

The assertive growth of photovoltaics (PV) will occupy a lot of land resources. There is also a needed land resource to expand the culturing area of Eriocheir sinensis. The aquavoltaic systems offer a potential solution to integrate PV power and E. sinensis culturing. In this study, we cultured E. sinensis in an area of PV panels (PV group) and an area with no PV panels (control group), respectively. The results showed that the weight gain rate, body length, body width, and meat yield of male crabs in the PV group significantly increases. In addition, the moisture of muscles, hepatopancreas, and testes in the PV group has significantly increased, and the total lipids of the hepatopancreas and muscles in the PV group were significantly decreased. Moreover, the PV panels affected the content of eight amino acids in different tissues, including Met, Arg, Cys, Pro, Gly, Leu, Tyr, and His. In addition, several saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) had been significantly influenced by the PV panels. ∑MUFA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), ∑n-3 PUFA, ∑n-6 PUFA, and n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio (p < 0.05) in the PV group had significantly decreased. The results of tissue color showed that the L* value of ovaries was significantly higher than in the control group, and a* and b* values of hepatopancreas were significantly lower. In conclusion, PV panels could promote growth performance and amino acid nutrition of crabs. However, the PV panels had a few negative influences on the fatty acid composition and tissue color. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Crab Aquaculture)

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13 pages, 3480 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Alkalinity on the Antioxidant Capacity, Nonspecific Immune Response and Tissue Structure of Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis

by Mingshuai Li, Shihui Wang, Zhigang Zhao, Liang Luo, Rui Zhang, Kun Guo, Lanlan Zhang and Yuhong Yang

Fishes 2022, 7(4), 206; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7040206 - 18 Aug 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1965

Abstract

The effects of various levels of alkalinity stress (0, 18.25, 35.41, 52.53 and 69.74 mmol/L) in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) were investigated by means of measuring hepatopancreas antioxidant system and serum nonspecific immune system-related indices at 0, 12, 24, 48 [...] Read more.

The effects of various levels of alkalinity stress (0, 18.25, 35.41, 52.53 and 69.74 mmol/L) in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) were investigated by means of measuring hepatopancreas antioxidant system and serum nonspecific immune system-related indices at 0, 12, 24, 48 and 96 h, hepatopancreas tissue structure at 96 h. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in each concentration group generally showed a trend of a first increasing and then decreasing during the 96-h stress process (p < 0.05), while no significant changes were observed in the blank group during this period (p > 0.05). The activities of CAT, GSH and AST in all treatment reached peak values at 24–48 h. At 96 h of alkalinity stress, the activities of GSH, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), acid phosphatise (ACP) and alkaline phosphatise (AKP) in the 18.25 mmol/L group were not significantly different with the control group (p > 0.05). The activities of SOD and CAT in the 52.53 and 69.74 mmol/L treatment were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05), and the level of total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC), ALT, ACP and AKP in the 69.74 mmol/L group were significantly higher than those in the other groups (p < 0.05). Hepatopancreatic histological observation showed that the hepatopancreas of E. sinensis in the control group was normal. With increasing alkalinity, the basal membrane of the hepatopancreas fell off or even ruptured. Additionally, the number of hepatopancreas vacuoles increased, the volume of B cells and their internal transport vesicles increased, epithelial cells disintegrated, and the nucleus gradually shrank. E. sinensis can activate antioxidant and nonspecific immune systems to adapt to alkalinity stress. However, oxidative stress, immune system damage and hepatopancreas structure damage were caused when the stress exceeded the adaptive capacity of the body. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Crab Aquaculture)

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11 pages, 1756 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Population Genetic Diversity and Differentiation of Mitten Crab, Genus Eriocheir, Based on Microsatellite Markers

by Shihui Wang, Liang Luo, Rui Zhang, Kun Guo, Wei Xu and Zhigang Zhao

Fishes 2022, 7(4), 182; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7040182 - 22 Jul 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1561

Abstract

Mitten crab, Eriocheir sensu stricto, is an important indigenous aquatic species and food source in Eastern Asia. Genetic diversity is an important prerequisite for the conservation and utilization of germplasm resources. However, the genetic diversity and differentiation of Eriocheir s. s. remains [...] Read more.

Mitten crab, Eriocheir sensu stricto, is an important indigenous aquatic species and food source in Eastern Asia. Genetic diversity is an important prerequisite for the conservation and utilization of germplasm resources. However, the genetic diversity and differentiation of Eriocheir s. s. remains unclear. This study evaluated population genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of three Eriocheir s. s. populations from Suifenhe (SFH), Liaohe (LH), and Nanliujiang (NLJ), China, based on 19 microsatellite markers. The mean observed number of alleles (N_a) was 22.84 alleles, and the mean polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.86, which demonstrated high genetic diversity. The allele frequency distribution showed an “L” shape, ranging from 0.01 to 0.74. The genetic diversity parameter values of the LH population were higher than those of the other two populations. All pairwise F_ST values showed significant differences among the three Eriocheir s. s. populations (p < 0.01). The value of Nei’s genetic distance (D_S) varied from 0.31 (between SFH and NLJ populations) to 0.33 (between SFH and LH populations). Overall, The results illustrate that the three wild Eriocheir s. s. populations have high genetic diversity and high genetic differentiation. This study provides the basis for Eriocheir s. s. utilization in China. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Crab Aquaculture)

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17 pages, 2780 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Microbial and Planktonic Community Characteristics of Eriocheir sinensis Culture Ponds Experiencing Harmful Algal Blooms

by Jiancao Gao, Lei Shen, Zhijuan Nie, Haojun Zhu, Liping Cao, Jinliang Du, Fei Dai and Gangchun Xu

Fishes 2022, 7(4), 180; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7040180 - 22 Jul 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2043

Abstract

The Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis (H. Milne Edwards, 1853), is an economically important aquaculture species in China. It is a significantly desirable species by Chinese consumers that causes a high demand for environmentally friendly culture farming. In aiming to break through bottlenecks, [...] Read more.

The Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis (H. Milne Edwards, 1853), is an economically important aquaculture species in China. It is a significantly desirable species by Chinese consumers that causes a high demand for environmentally friendly culture farming. In aiming to break through bottlenecks, i.e., “pond moss” and cyanobacteria, we investigated the microbial community and plankton composition of ponds with filamentous algae and cyanobacterial blooms. As results, we found Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were dominant bacterial phyla, while Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta were dominant phytoplankton phyla in E. sinensis ponds. Nitrospira sp., Flectobacillus sp. BAB-3569, Staphylococcus warneri, Fusarium oxysporum, Gromochytrium mamkaevae, and Rhizophydium sp. JEL317 were screened as bioindicators for harmful algal blooms. We found a close relationship between water quality parameters and the species composition of bacteria and zooplankton in the present study. Specifically, total nitrogen and total ammonia nitrogen significantly affected the bacterial community composition, while total phosphorus contributed to the phytoplankton community composition. We further indicated the potential competitive inhibition of Chlamydomonadales on the direct regulation of the control of harmful algal blooms. Finally, we suggested a combination of probiotics and microalgae, e.g., C. vulgaris, to prevent and control potential risks in the culture of E. sinensis. In conclusion, the present study deepened our understanding of harmful algal blooms in aquaculture ponds and suggested the baseline indications for the prevention and control of algal blooms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Crab Aquaculture)

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16 pages, 5261 KiB

Open AccessPerspective

Comprehensive Genome-Wide Analysis of Wnt Gene Family and Expression Profiling during Limb Regeneration in Portunus trituberculatus

by Yuanyuan Fu, Jie He, Lei Liu, Xinlian Huang, Yuankai Xu and Chunlin Wang

Fishes 2022, 7(5), 258; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7050258 - 26 Sep 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1519

Abstract

Wnt genes encode a family of secretory glycoproteins that are involved in various stages of organ development through regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and growth. Recently, Wnt genes have been shown to play an important role in regeneration processes. However, there have been [...] Read more.

Wnt genes encode a family of secretory glycoproteins that are involved in various stages of organ development through regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and growth. Recently, Wnt genes have been shown to play an important role in regeneration processes. However, there have been no previous genome-wide analyses of the Wnt gene family members in crab species. In this study, a total of 13 Wnt family genes were identified from the genome of the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus and classified into three main groups based on the conserved domain, protein sequence, and motifs. Chromosome location analysis showed that tandem duplication may have resulted in the expansion of the PtWnt gene family. RNA-seq results indicated that most PtWnt genes had a higher Fragments Per Kilobase of transcript sequences per Million base pairs (FPKM) value in the regenerating limb bud muscle than in the normal limb muscle, and the genes were enriched in a number of pathways that had biological functions underlying limb regeneration such as the cell surface receptor signaling pathway, the hippo signaling pathway, receptor binding, and basal cell carcinoma. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis confirmed that the expression levels of nine PtWnts except for PtWnt1, PtWnt2, and PtWnt6 had a consistently increasing trend during limb regeneration. PtWnt1, PtWnt2, and PtWnt6 exhibited significantly up- or down-regulated expression at different limb regeneration stages. These results provide valuable information for further evolutionary and functional characterization of PtWnt genes and indicate the complexity and specialized mechanism of the Wnt signaling pathway regulating regeneration in crustaceans. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Crab Aquaculture)

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