Dear Colleagues,

Recently, there has been considerable concern over the traditional fermentation process and nutritional problems accompanying the rapid growth of the world population and the current economic situation. Thus, it is necessary to find an effective and suitable fermentation process for lipid production. Oleaginous microorganisms, including fungi, yeasts, algae, bacteria, etc., are widely used in the fermentation industry, and they have been considered powerful oil sources for lipid and biodiesel production based on their ability to accumulate large amounts of lipids. The major challenges in fermentation production systems are low reaction rates and high capital costs. High-cell-density culture is an effective method to enhance the volumetric productivity of the fermentation process, thus making the process faster and more robust. High levels of cell biomass in defined media can be easily achieved; therefore, large quantities of recombinant products with enhanced activities at lower cost can be obtained through high-cell-density fermentation technology. The development of microbial strains and their fermentation process has been implemented to produce significant lipids and multiple significant fatty acids with nutritional importance.

However, to develop efficient fermentation technologies for biomass, lipid, and biofuel production, more significant research attention needs to be directed toward biotechnological and genetic improvement of the potential organisms utilized in the process by using useful, varied fermentation strategies.

In this Special Issue, we will cover some recent progress focused on novel fermentation methods, molecular techniques, and the development of additional microbial models for varied biotechnological applications and their ability to modulate, regulate, and maximize production through high-cell-density fermentation strategies. We aim to (a) provide an introductory overview of microbial lipids and to show the current attention being paid to their production and the use of oleaginous microorganisms as powerful sources of oils and fats, (b) high-throughput screening technologies for industrially important lipids and fatty-acid-producing microorganisms under special fermentation models, (c) highlight novel fermentation methods and trends proposed to produce high biomass and lipids and lipid derivatives in sufficient quantities by targeting microorganisms, (d) provide an overview of discovered model species and their fermentation approaches, and (e) give insights into the molecular mechanisms of stress response and tolerance during various fermentation strategies.

Prof. Dr. Yuanda Song
Dr. Wanwipa Vongsangnak
Guest Editors

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• oleaginous microorganisms
• microbial lipids
• lipid biosynthesis
• fungi
• yeasts
• bacteria
• fed-batch fermentation
• batch fermentation
• genetic manipulation
• lipid biochemistry
• fatty acids
• lipid accumulation
• biofuels
• biotechnology