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Entropy
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Quantum Thermodynamics: Fundamentals and Applications
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Quantum Thermodynamics: Fundamentals and Applications

A special issue of Entropy (ISSN 1099-4300). This special issue belongs to the section "Quantum Information".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (18 February 2024) | Viewed by 7798

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Avijit Misra

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
Interests: quantum thermodynamics; quantum information; open quantum systems; quantum optics
Prof. Dr. Tapio Ala-Nissila

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Center of Excellence in Quantum Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11100, 00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
2. Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical Modelling, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
Interests: theoretical and computational statistical and condensed matter physics; stochastic dynamics; stochastic thermodynamics; soft matter physics; multiscale materials modeling; nano and microplasmonics; fluid dynamics and heat transfer; open quantum systems; quantum thermodynamics; micro and nanofluidistics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ever-increasing progress towards device miniaturization and quantum computing comes with inevitable thermodynamic challenges. Scaling down device dimensions requires more efficient heat management, often demanding cooling with high power at the quantum level. Such requirements gave rise to the field of quantum thermodynamics (QT), which has witnessed a tremendous upsurge of activities in recent times.

The early investigations on engineering efficient classical heat engines paved the way for a fundamental understanding of thermodynamic regularities in the macroscopic world. Similarly, the current efforts toward designing energy-efficient quantum devices raise fundamental questions on the validity and possible modifications of the thermodynamic laws in the quantum domain, where quantum effects such as correlations, coherence and fluctuations can no longer be ignored. Thus, the two apparently independent paradigms of physics(viz., i) thermodynamics, developed to study the limitations of macroscopic phenomena; and ii) quantum mechanics, which describes microscopic systems) bring much to each other.

QT has been witnessing rapid developments by amalgamation from diverse branches of physics. The development of new tools and techniques to study strongly coupled open quantum systems are further revolutionizing this field. This Special Issue therefore solicits contributions (regular or review articles) which are directly related to QT or can enrich it (e.g., open quantum systems) from various disciplines of physics.

Dr. Avijit Misra
Prof. Dr. Tapio Ala-Nissila
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Entropy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • quantum thermal machines (heat engines, refrigerators, diodes, transistors, etc.)
  • quantum fluctuation relations
  • thermodynamics of computation
  • thermodynamics of information processing
  • landauer erasure
  • role of quantum resources (coherence, correlations) in thermodynamics
  • experimental realization of quantum thermodynamic phenomena
  • open quantum systems
  • collisional models
  • quantum maxwell demon
  • resource theory of quantum thermodynamics
  • thermalization of quantum systems

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 298 KiB  
Article
Quantum Central Limit Theorems, Emergence of Classicality and Time-Dependent Differential Entropy
by Tien D. Kieu
Entropy 2023, 25(4), 600; https://doi.org/10.3390/e25040600 - 01 Apr 2023
Viewed by 966
Abstract
We derive some quantum central limit theorems for the expectation values of macroscopically coarse-grained observables, which are functions of coarse-grained Hermitian operators consisting of non-commuting variables. Thanks to the Hermiticity constraints, we obtain positive-definite distributions for the expectation values of observables. These probability [...] Read more.
We derive some quantum central limit theorems for the expectation values of macroscopically coarse-grained observables, which are functions of coarse-grained Hermitian operators consisting of non-commuting variables. Thanks to the Hermiticity constraints, we obtain positive-definite distributions for the expectation values of observables. These probability distributions open some pathway for the emergence of classical behaviours in the limit of an infinitely large number of identical and non-interacting quantum constituents. This is in contradistinction to other mechanisms of classicality emergence due to environmental decoherence and consistent histories. The probability distributions thus derived also enable us to evaluate the non-trivial time-dependence of certain differential entropies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Thermodynamics: Fundamentals and Applications)
19 pages, 8715 KiB  
Article
Quantum Advantage of Thermal Machines with Bose and Fermi Gases
by Saikat Sur and Arnab Ghosh
Entropy 2023, 25(2), 372; https://doi.org/10.3390/e25020372 - 17 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2699
Abstract
In this article, we show that a quantum gas, a collection of massive, non-interacting, indistinguishable quantum particles, can be realized as a thermodynamic machine as an artifact of energy quantization and, hence, bears no classical analog. Such a thermodynamic machine depends on the [...] Read more.
In this article, we show that a quantum gas, a collection of massive, non-interacting, indistinguishable quantum particles, can be realized as a thermodynamic machine as an artifact of energy quantization and, hence, bears no classical analog. Such a thermodynamic machine depends on the statistics of the particles, the chemical potential, and the spatial dimension of the system. Our detailed analysis demonstrates the fundamental features of quantum Stirling cycles, from the viewpoint of particle statistics and system dimensions, that helps us to realize desired quantum heat engines and refrigerators by exploiting the role of quantum statistical mechanics. In particular, a clear distinction between the behavior of a Fermi gas and a Bose gas is observed in one dimension, rather than in higher dimensions, solely due to the innate differences in their particle statistics indicating the conspicuous role of a quantum thermodynamic signature in lower dimensions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Thermodynamics: Fundamentals and Applications)
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16 pages, 552 KiB  
Article
Fluctuation Theorem for Information Thermodynamics of Quantum Correlated Systems
by Jung Jun Park and Hyunchul Nha
Entropy 2023, 25(1), 165; https://doi.org/10.3390/e25010165 - 13 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1331
Abstract
We establish a fluctuation theorem for an open quantum bipartite system that explicitly manifests the role played by quantum correlation. Generally quantum correlations may substantially modify the universality of classical thermodynamic relations in composite systems. Our fluctuation theorem finds a non-equilibrium parameter of [...] Read more.
We establish a fluctuation theorem for an open quantum bipartite system that explicitly manifests the role played by quantum correlation. Generally quantum correlations may substantially modify the universality of classical thermodynamic relations in composite systems. Our fluctuation theorem finds a non-equilibrium parameter of genuinely quantum nature that sheds light on the emerging quantum information thermodynamics. Specifically we show that the statistics of quantum correlation fluctuation obtained in a time-reversed process can provide a useful insight into addressing work and heat in the resulting thermodynamic evolution. We illustrate these quantum thermodynamic relations by two examples of quantum correlated systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Thermodynamics: Fundamentals and Applications)
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14 pages, 809 KiB  
Article
Geometrical Bounds on Irreversibility in Squeezed Thermal Bath
by Chen-Juan Zou, Yue Li, Jia-Kun Xu, Jia-Bin You, Ching Eng Png and Wan-Li Yang
Entropy 2023, 25(1), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/e25010128 - 09 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1725
Abstract
Irreversible entropy production (IEP) plays an important role in quantum thermodynamic processes. Here, we investigate the geometrical bounds of IEP in nonequilibrium thermodynamics by exemplifying a system coupled to a squeezed thermal bath subject to dissipation and dephasing, respectively. We find that the [...] Read more.
Irreversible entropy production (IEP) plays an important role in quantum thermodynamic processes. Here, we investigate the geometrical bounds of IEP in nonequilibrium thermodynamics by exemplifying a system coupled to a squeezed thermal bath subject to dissipation and dephasing, respectively. We find that the geometrical bounds of the IEP always shift in a contrary way under dissipation and dephasing, where the lower and upper bounds turning to be tighter occur in the situation of dephasing and dissipation, respectively. However, either under dissipation or under dephasing, we may reduce both the critical time of the IEP itself and the critical time of the bounds for reaching an equilibrium by harvesting the benefits of squeezing effects in which the values of the IEP, quantifying the degree of thermodynamic irreversibility, also become smaller. Therefore, due to the nonequilibrium nature of the squeezed thermal bath, the system–bath interaction energy has a prominent impact on the IEP, leading to tightness of its bounds. Our results are not contradictory with the second law of thermodynamics by involving squeezing of the bath as an available resource, which can improve the performance of quantum thermodynamic devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Thermodynamics: Fundamentals and Applications)
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