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Advanced Thermal Energy Storage Technologies

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "J: Thermal Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 3765

Special Issue Editor

Department of Sciences of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71121 Foggia, Italy
Interests: energy systems; heat transfer; fluid dynamics; multiphase flows

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

I was invited to act as Guest Editor of this Special Issue about thermal energy storage in energy systems. The Issue is focused on both component characterization and system integration of TES. Analytical, numerical, and experimental methodologies—mainly for medium- and high-temperature storage—can be proposed. Novel storage technologies, sizing, renewable energy integration, storage materials, heat transfer enhancement in storage devices, and cost/performance optimization are the main topics of the Issue.

Prof. Dr. Francesco Fornarelli
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • thermal energy storage
  • heat transfer optimization
  • component and system integration of thermal storage devices
  • economic assessments of system design and integration of storage device
  • new components, devices and equipment for thermal storage

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 4780 KiB  
Article
A Eutectic Mixture of Calcium Chloride Hexahydrate and Bischofite with Promising Performance for Thermochemical Energy Storage
by Bryan Li, Louise Buisson, Ruby-Jean Clark, Svetlana Ushak and Mohammed Farid
Energies 2024, 17(3), 578; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17030578 - 25 Jan 2024
Viewed by 655
Abstract
Thermochemical energy storage using salt hydrates is a promising method for the efficient use of energy. In this study, three host matrices, expanded vermiculite, expanded clay, and expanded natural graphite were impregnated with a eutectic mixture of CaCl2·6H2O and [...] Read more.
Thermochemical energy storage using salt hydrates is a promising method for the efficient use of energy. In this study, three host matrices, expanded vermiculite, expanded clay, and expanded natural graphite were impregnated with a eutectic mixture of CaCl2·6H2O and bischofite (MgCl2·6H2O). These composites were subjected to various humidity conditions (30–70% relative humidity) at 20 °C over an extended hydration period to investigate their cyclability. It was shown that only expanded natural graphite could contain the deliquescent salt at high humidity over 50 cycles. Hence, the expanded natural graphite composites containing either CaCl2·6H2O or CaCl2·6H2O/bischofite eutectic mixture were placed in a lab-scale open packed bed reactor, providing energy densities of 150 and 120 kWh/m3 over 20 h, respectively. The eutectic composite showed slightly lower temperature lift, water uptake rate, and power output but at reduced cost. Using the eutectic mixture also decreased the composite’s dehydration temperature at which the maximum mass loss rate occurred around 16.2 °C to 62.3 °C, allowing recharge using less energy-intensive heating methods. The cost of storing 1 kWh of energy with expanded natural graphite composites is only USD 0.08 due to its stability. This research leveraging cost-effective composites with enhanced stability, reaction kinetics, and high thermal energy storage capabilities benefits renewable energy, power generation, and the building construction research communities and industries by providing a competitive alternative to sensible heat storage technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Thermal Energy Storage Technologies)
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23 pages, 9067 KiB  
Article
Techno-Economic Assessment of Residential Heat Pump Integrated with Thermal Energy Storage
by Sara Sultan, Jason Hirschey, Navin Kumar, Borui Cui, Xiaobing Liu, Tim J. LaClair and Kyle R. Gluesenkamp
Energies 2023, 16(10), 4087; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16104087 - 14 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1293
Abstract
Phase change material (PCM)-based thermal energy storage (TES) can provide energy and cost savings and peak demand reduction benefits for grid-interactive residential buildings. Researchers established that these benefits vary greatly depending on the PCM phase change temperature (PCT), total TES storage capacity, system [...] Read more.
Phase change material (PCM)-based thermal energy storage (TES) can provide energy and cost savings and peak demand reduction benefits for grid-interactive residential buildings. Researchers established that these benefits vary greatly depending on the PCM phase change temperature (PCT), total TES storage capacity, system configuration and location and climate of the building. In this study, preliminary techno-economic performance is reported for a novel heat pump (HP)-integrated TES system using an idealized approach. A simplified HP-TES was modeled for 1 year of space heating and cooling loads for a residential building in three different climates in the United States. The vapor compression system of the HP was modified to integrate with TES, and all heat transfer to and from the TES was mediated by the HP. A single PCM was used for heating and cooling, and the PCT and TES capacity were varied to observe their effects on the building’s energy consumption, peak load shifting and cost savings. The maximum reduction in electric consumption, utility cost and peak electric demand were achieved at a PCT of 30 °C for New York City and 20 °C for Houston and Birmingham. Peak energy consumption in Houston, New York City, and Birmingham was reduced by 47%, 53%, and 70%, respectively, by shifting peak load using a time-of-use utility schedule. TES with 170 MJ storage capacity allowed for maximum demand shift from on-peak to off-peak hours, with diminishing returns once the TES capacity equaled the daily building thermal loads experienced during the most extreme ambient conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Thermal Energy Storage Technologies)
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14 pages, 1447 KiB  
Article
Novel Multi-Objective Optimal Design of a Shell-and-Tube Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Device
by Francesco Fornarelli, Lorenzo Dambrosio, Sergio Mario Camporeale and Luigi Terlizzi
Energies 2023, 16(4), 1882; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041882 - 14 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1055
Abstract
In the present paper a new multi-objective optimisation procedure for the design of a shell-and-tube Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage (LHTES) is proposed. A simple arrangement of a cylindrical shell with multiple vertical tubes has been examined. The optimisation considers, as design variables, [...] Read more.
In the present paper a new multi-objective optimisation procedure for the design of a shell-and-tube Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage (LHTES) is proposed. A simple arrangement of a cylindrical shell with multiple vertical tubes has been examined. The optimisation considers, as design variables, the number of tubes, the tube internal radius and the device height-to-diameter ratio, H/D, while the storage volume is kept constant. This analysis aims to detect the set of solutions which optimises the LHTES performances evaluated in terms of charging and discharging times and overall thermal energy capacity. To accomplish the multi-objectives optimal thermal storage design, a simplified mathematical model of the LHTES has been employed. This model can evaluate the prescribed performances for a given set of design variables. The proposed optimisation procedure evaluates new solutions along the most promising directions in the design variables domain, leading to a significant improvement in storage performances. The Design of the Experiment, together with the Pareto dominance relationship, gives a starting optimal solutions subset. The proposed optimisation procedure permits to enhance the starting optimal solutions subset letting approach the Pareto barrier. The paper shows that, at the end of the optimisation procedure, the designer can select the solutions on the Pareto barrier with the best performance and the corresponding design variables for each chosen solution. The proposed optimisation procedure will also allow for maintaining low computational costs due to the low number of the new design variables evaluated only in the promising directions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Thermal Energy Storage Technologies)
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