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Recent Progress, Challenges and Outlooks of Insulation System in HVDC

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F6: High Voltage".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (18 April 2024) | Viewed by 7321

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Chuyan Zhang

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Guest Editor

School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
Interests: external insulation; insulating material; discharge phenomenon and mechanism; flashover performance of insulators; insulation system of UHVDC

Dr. Yu Deng

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Guest Editor

China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China
Interests: high voltage and insulation technology; electrical engineering materials; organic composite materials; surface and gas discharge

Dr. Hao Yang

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Guest Editor

School of Electronic Information, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
Interests: high voltage and insulation technology, condition monitoring and fault diagnosis technology of power transmission and transformation equipment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We cordially invite you to submit your research papers, communications or review articles to the Special Issue entitled “Recent Progress, Challenges and Outlooks of Insulation System in HVDC”.

The insulation system is an important part of a HVDC transmission and transformation project, which is the main engineering means to utilize and absorb new energies. The reliability of the insulation system directly affects the safety and economy of equipment and power grids. In recent years, the aging and breakdown of dielectric materials under DC voltage, the design and manufacture of HVDC insulation equipment, the interaction characteristics between insulation system and its working environment, detection and diagnosis methods of HVDC insulation, the special impact of DC electric field on insulation, etc., have attracted extensive attention. Moreover, the application of new technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data in HVDC system are also interesting topics for power and energy researchers.

This Special Issue aims to present and disseminate the most recent advances related to the phenomenon, theory, design, modelling, application, and condition monitoring of all types of insulation system including materials, devices and projects.

Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to:

Insulating materials for HVDC systems;
HVDC cable insulation;
Insulators for HVDC transmission lines;
Air gap insulation in HVDC projects;
HVDC insulation system under extreme conditions;
Detection and diagnosis of insulation system in HVDC;
Discharge phenomenon of HVDC insulation system;
Design and maintenance of HVDC insulation system;
Insulation system of UHV converter transformer;
Insulation system of DC electronic equipment.

We are looking forward to receiving your outstanding work for this Special Issue.

Dr. Chuyan Zhang
Dr. Yu Deng
Dr. Hao Yang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

insulation system
insulating material
HVDC cable
HVDC Insulator
discharge
detection and diagnosis
insulation design
aging
breakdown
dielectric

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 4644 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Calculation Methods of High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Line Sag Considering Meteorology

by Xin Li, Zuibing Xie, Linping Zeng and Long Zhao

Energies 2024, 17(2), 305; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17020305 - 08 Jan 2024

Viewed by 541

Abstract

Sag is one of the important indicators for judging whether a transmission line is safe. The existing sag calculation method does not consider the temperature difference between conductor strands, causing the calculated results to often deviate from the values measured with a theodolite. In this article, a sag calculation method considering the temperature difference between strands is proposed. First, finite element analysis and experiments were used to analyze the temperature differences between each area and layer of the conductor when the wind blew the conductor, and then a correction calculation model for the conductor sag was proposed. Next, a sag monitoring system based on four-point temperature measurement was designed. Finally, the method was applied to a ±400 kV transmission line in Qinghai Province, China. The results show that after considering the temperature difference in the conductor strands, the error of the sag calculation result is much smaller than that without considering the temperature difference in the conductor strands, and the maximum relative error is reduced from 7.86% to less than 2%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress, Challenges and Outlooks of Insulation System in HVDC)

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15 pages, 4837 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhanced Energy Storage Properties of Polypropylene/Glycidyl Methacrylate Grafted Polypropylene/Nano-ZrO₂ Ternary System

by Chong Zhang, Zhaoliang Xing, Xin Chen, Shaowei Guo, Hongbo Liu, Lu Cheng and Wenfeng Liu

Energies 2023, 16(22), 7621; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16227621 - 17 Nov 2023

Viewed by 648

Abstract

Extensive research has focused on enhancing the energy storage density of polypropylene (PP) to meet the demands of high-power and compact electronic devices and electrical systems. However, there is a lack of studies addressing the delicate balance between energy storage density and dielectric loss. Dielectric loss can lead to excessive heat generation, posing a threat to the operation of energy storage capacitors. In this study, PP grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was used as a compatibilizer and incorporated into a PP/nano ZrO₂ blend to form a ternary system of PP/nano ZrO₂/PP grafted GMA. A comparative study was conducted to analyze the effects of GMA grafting and individual doping of nano ZrO₂ on the dielectric performance of PP. The results demonstrate that the ternary system not only ensures a high breakdown voltage (382.29 MV/m) but also possesses a high dielectric constant (2.67), thereby achieving an energy storage density of 1.7275 J/cm³ while maintaining low dielectric loss. Furthermore, grafting GMA introduces a significant number of deep traps, a phenomenon substantiated by the results of thermal stimulated depolarization current tests and molecular simulation calculations. However, the ternary system partially avoids the introduction of excessive deep traps associated with GMA grafting. This ternary system exhibits excellent energy storage performance, ease of fabrication, and stability, thereby enriching the research on polymer-based high-energy density dielectric materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress, Challenges and Outlooks of Insulation System in HVDC)

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13 pages, 5360 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on the Reliability Test and Life Assessment Methods of Relays Used in Circuit Breaker Operating Mechanism

by Hongming Ma, Sijia Zhou, Chao Gao, Fusheng Zhou, Yun Yang and Hao Yang

Energies 2023, 16(13), 4843; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16134843 - 21 Jun 2023

Viewed by 850

Abstract

As one of the key components of the circuit breaker operating mechanism, the relay can experience performance degradation due to harsh environmental factors, such as salt spray, during operation, which can ultimately affect the normal operation of the circuit breaker and threaten the safe and stable operation of the power system. To effectively evaluate the condition of the relay operating in salt spray environments over the long term, this study conducted accelerated aging experiments on a certain model of auxiliary switch under salt spray conditions using an existing test platform. The relay’s pull-in voltage, release voltage, pull-in time, and release time were analyzed as characteristic parameters affected by salt spray. The results showed that the intrusion of salt spray caused a decline in the coil performance of the relay, which required higher voltage to provide the electromagnetic force needed for operation, leading to an increase in operating voltage. On the other hand, coil degradation also caused a decrease in the electromagnetic force generated by the step voltage, resulting in a slower operating time. Subsequently, a Genetic Algorithm_Back Propagation Neural Network GA_BP) algorithm model suitable for identifying the relay status in this study was established. After optimization by a Genetic Algorithm Neural Network (GA), the recognition accuracy increased from 78.6% to 91.8%, which showed significant improvement. By clarifying the changes in the characteristic parameters of the relay in a salt spray environment and relying on experimental data, this study established a relevant state recognition model. The research results have important engineering application value for understanding the relay operating status of the circuit breaker operating mechanism in salt spray environments, conducting circuit breaker operating mechanism relay life prediction, and preventing circuit breaker operating mechanism failures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress, Challenges and Outlooks of Insulation System in HVDC)

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14 pages, 12524 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Study on Development Characteristics of Partial Discharge in Oil-Pressboard Insulation under Constant DC Voltage

by Chengjie Zhang, Yuan Li, Senhong Yang and Ranran Li

Energies 2023, 16(10), 3970; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16103970 - 09 May 2023

Viewed by 840

Abstract

The converter transformer is the core equipment of HVDC transmission system, the valve-side winding of which needs to withstand DC voltage. Partial discharge is one of the main threats to the safe operation of converter transformer, yet the characteristics of partial discharge development of the oil-pressboard insulations under constant DC voltage are insufficiently understood. In order to better understand the partial discharge characteristics of the oil-pressboard insulation under DC voltage and provide deeper theoretical support for insulation diagnosis of converter transformers, development characteristics including the time-varying tendency of discharge magnitude and repetition rate of partial discharge in oil-pressboard insulation under constant positive and negative DC voltage were studied. The results indicate that the development of partial discharge in a needle-plane oil-pressboard insulation model under constant DC voltage has three stages: the intensive discharging stage, the silent-burst stage, and the breakdown stage. Throughout all stages, the partial discharge magnitude and repetition rate first decrease and increase afterwards. At the silent-burst stage, the partial discharge appears in the form of a “cluster” with very large magnitude and repetition rate. Each cluster exists for tens of seconds but with at a very long interval with each other. Further analysis shows that the repeated accumulation and dissipation of free charges on the surface of the pressboard cause the above phenomena. Negative charges are easy to accumulate and difficult to dissipate under the same voltage amplitude compared to positive charges, leading to a weaker actual electric field at the needle tip and thus partial discharges under negative DC voltage with a lower magnitude and longer interval. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress, Challenges and Outlooks of Insulation System in HVDC)

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13 pages, 3485 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anchor Fault Identification Method for High-Voltage DC Submarine Cable Based on VMD-Volterra-SVM

by Wenwei Zhu, Chenyang Fan, Chenghao Xu, Hantuo Dong, Jingen Guo, Aiwu Liang and Long Zhao

Energies 2023, 16(7), 3053; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16073053 - 27 Mar 2023

Viewed by 1322

Abstract

This article introduces a new method for identifying anchor damage faults in fiber composite submarine cables. The method combines the Volterra model of Variation Mode Decomposition (VMD) with singular value entropy to improve the accuracy of fault identification. First, the submarine cable vibration signal is decomposed into various Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) using VMD. Then, a Volterra adaptive prediction model is established by reconstructing the phase space of each IMF, and the model parameters are used to form an initial feature vector matrix. Next, the feature vector matrix is subjected to singular value decomposition to extract the singular value entropy that reflects the fault characteristics of the submarine cable. Finally, singular value entropy is used as a feature value to input into the Support Vector Machine (SVM) for classification. Compared with Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD), the proposed method achieves a higher fault identification accuracy and effectively identifies anchor damage faults in submarine cables. The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of the proposed method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress, Challenges and Outlooks of Insulation System in HVDC)

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17 pages, 1758 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study of the Prevention Method of ±800 kV Transmission Tower Foundation Deviation

by Xinsheng Dong, Guanru Wen, Mingguan Zhao, Yang Yang, Meng Li and Long Zhao

Energies 2023, 16(6), 2557; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16062557 - 08 Mar 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1487

Abstract

The stability of transmission tower bases is key to ensuring the safe operation of power lines. This paper proposes a joint displacement-control technique for foundation-inclined piles and prestressed foundation tie beams to address the problem of tower base displacement and durability degradation caused by environmental factors. A finite element model of an exposed-pile transmission tower conforming to the structural characteristics of the actual line tower was established based on the current situation of Tower 292 of the ±800 kV Tianzhong line in Xinjiang, China. Three different displacement-control schemes were analyzed under the combined effects of tower line load, ice-cover load, and wind load, including changing exposed pile height, changing inclined pile tilt angle, and increasing the prestressed foundation tie beam. The analysis shows that the combined displacement-control technology of foundation-inclined piles and prestressed foundation tie beams can reduce the horizontal displacement of EHV tower foundations by more than 50%, which greatly reduces safety problems caused by tower displacement and effectively improves tower durability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress, Challenges and Outlooks of Insulation System in HVDC)

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