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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2022) | Viewed by 18833

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Quntao An

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Guest Editor

School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
Interests: permanent magnet synchronous motors and drives; high-power permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system (high voltage/multiphase); low-cost permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system; wide-bandgap-device-based motor drive system; high-reliability motor system (fault diagnosis/ redundancy/fault tolerance); linear motor drives
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Dr. Bing Tian

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Guest Editor

Department of Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
Interests: fault-tolerant control of multi-phase drives; sensorless control of electric drives; neural network; quasi z-source inverter; sliding mode controller/observer; repetitive control

Dr. Xinghe Fu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
Interests: small and special motors; motor control; industrial automation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Permanent magnet (PM) machines have been widely used in various applications because of advantages such as high-power density, high efficiency and excellent control performance. Recently, the multi-objective optimized design, new topologies, intelligent control strategies, like sensorless control and predictive control, are employed to improve the reliability or the control performance of the PM machine systems. Besides, wide bandgap semiconductor devices are being used in motor drives and may bring innovation to the motor systems in the future. New techniques applied in PM machines and drives are comprehensively promoting their performance improvement in the fields of industrial robots, more electric aircrafts, electric vehicles, and high-speed trains, etc.

To help researchers gain up-to-date techniques in PM machines and drives, this Special Issue aims to present recent developments in modelling, analysis, design, control, and applications.

Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to:

Modelling, analysis, and design for PM machines
High-performance PM synchronous motors and servo drives
Advanced control algorithms for PM motor drives
Multiphase, high-speed, high-power, low-cost PM motors and drives
PM linear motor and its drive
New structure and topology for PM machines and drives
Fault diagnosis and fault tolerance in PM motors and drives
Position/speed sensorless drives
Thermal and vibroacoustic issues of PM machines
Wide bandgap semiconductor device-based PM motor drives

Dr. Quntao An
Dr. Bing Tian
Dr. Xinghe Fu
Guest Editors

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Keywords

permanent magnet synchronous machines
intelligent control strategy
sensorless control
predictive control
multiphase motor
fault-tolerant motor
open-end winding motor
linear motor

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 9426 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Virtual Modeling and Experimental Validation of the Line-Start Permanent Magnet Motor in the Presence of Harmonics

by Jonathan Muñoz Tabora, Bendict Katukula Tshoombe, Wellington da Silva Fonseca, Maria Emília de Lima Tostes, Edson Ortiz de Matos, Ubiratan Holanda Bezerra and Marcelo de Oliveira e Silva

Energies 2022, 15(22), 8603; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15228603 - 17 Nov 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1195

Abstract

The world is experiencing an accelerated energy transition that is driven by the climate goals to be met and that has driven the growth of different potential sectors such as electric mobility powered by electric motors, which continue to be the largest load globally. However, new needs in relation to power density, weight, and efficiency have led manufacturers to experiment with new technologies, such as rare earth elements (REEs). The permanent magnet motor is a candidate to be the substitute for the conventional induction motor considering the new editions of the IEC 60034-30-1, for which study and evaluation continue to be focused on identifying the weaknesses and benefits of its application on a large scale in industry and electric mobility. This work presents a FEM model to assess the line-start permanent magnet motor (LSPMM), aiming to simulate the behavior of the LSPMM under supply conditions with distorted voltages (harmonic content) and evaluate its thermal and magnetic performance. The model created in the FEM software is then validated by bench tests in order to constitute an alternative analysis tool that can be used for studies in previous project phases and even to implement predictive maintenance schemes in industries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Permanent Magnet Machines and Drives)

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19 pages, 8032 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of the Shielding Winding on the Bearing Voltage in a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine

by Sebastian Berhausen, Tomasz Jarek and Petr Orság

Energies 2022, 15(21), 8001; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15218001 - 27 Oct 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1359

Abstract

This article presents selected methods of limiting the bearing voltages of synchronous machines with permanent magnets supplied from power electronic converters. The authors analyzed methods based on the use of various shielding windings placed in slot wedges and mounted in the stator end-winding region. The values of the parasitic capacitances of the machine, on which the levels of bearing voltages depend, were determined using the finite element method. Three-dimensional simulation models were used for the calculations. The analysis of the influence of the shielding windings on the bearing voltage waveforms was conducted on the basis of circuit models with two- and three-level converters. The obtained calculation results indicate a high potential in limiting bearing voltages. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Permanent Magnet Machines and Drives)

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13 pages, 3753 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dual Three-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines Vector Control Based on Triple Rotating Reference Frame

by Jian-Ya Zhang, Qiang Zhou and Kai Wang

Energies 2022, 15(19), 7286; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15197286 - 04 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1460

Abstract

This paper presents a triple rotating coordinate transformed vector control method for dual three-phase permanent magnet (PM) machines. In the proposed scheme, the control variables are converted to three sets of αβ components directly, which are 120° electric degrees different from each other. It omits the complicated six-dimensional transformed matrix and reduces the computation greatly. The relationship with vector space (VSD) control was mathematically analyzed. By ensuring the consistency of control variables in the three stationary reference frames, the suggested method can not only achieve the same fundamental control performance as VSD but compensate for the imbalance current caused by the harmonics in the back electromotive force. In addition, the proposed method belongs to multi redundancy control in theory, which is maybe a good solution for fault-tolerant operation. Finally, a prototype dual three-phase PM machine was tested. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Permanent Magnet Machines and Drives)

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12 pages, 4815 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis and Error Separation of Capacitive Potential in the Inductosyn

by Chengjun Liu, Jianfei Sun, Yifei Zhang and Jing Shang

Energies 2022, 15(19), 6910; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15196910 - 21 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1034

Abstract

High-precision rotor position information is usually needed in permanent-magnet synchronous motors, which are critical to high-performance motor control based on vector algorithm. Therefore, inductosyn is the best choice for the permanent-magnet synchronous motor position sensor. Capacitive potential is an important component of the ineffective potential in the inductosyn angle measuring system. When the effective potential of the inductosyn approaches zero, the proportion of capacitive potential in the output potential will be greatly amplified. As a result, the zero-position accuracy will be seriously affected. Error potential and effective potential always exist at the same time, so it is difficult to measure and study quantitatively. In this paper, the capacitance network model of inductosyn was established and the analytical calculation method was proposed. The factors affecting the capacitive potential and the suppression strategy were studied through the combination of theoretical analysis and the finite element method. In addition, the error separation method of capacitive potential was also proposed in this paper, which realized the accurate measurement of this part of error. The accuracy of the theoretical calculation and finite element analysis was verified by the experimental results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Permanent Magnet Machines and Drives)

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13 pages, 7061 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Variable Weighting Coefficient of EMF-Based Enhanced Sliding Mode Observer for Sensorless PMSM Drives

by Fuqiang Cao, Quntao An, Jianqiu Zhang, Mengji Zhao and Siwen Li

Energies 2022, 15(16), 6001; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15166001 - 18 Aug 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1379

Abstract

In the field of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control, the sliding mode observer (SMO)-based sensorless control is widely used; however, the actual control input of the current observation function is asymmetric. It can lead to different velocities of the estimated currents approaching to the actual currents and will make the current and back EMF fluctuations more severe, and result in more skewed angle and speed estimates, especially at a lower carrier ratio. In response to the above problems, this paper proposes a variable weighting coefficient of an EMF-based sliding mode observer (VWC-SMO). Unlike the traditional sliding mode observers, the weighted sliding mode switching variables and their bandpass-filtered values are used as the input of the current observer in the VWC-SMO. Thereby, the asymmetry of the control input in the current observation function can be well-suppressed, and almost the same approaching velocity on the two sides of the sliding surface can be obtained. Therefore, chattering near the sliding surface can also be suppressed. The method is verified on a motor controller experimental platform, and the comparative results shows that the VWC-SMO can reduce chattering of the observed currents and mitigate back EMFs fluctuations and improve the dynamic and steady-state performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Permanent Magnet Machines and Drives)

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14 pages, 6652 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Observer Based Improved Position Estimation in Field-Oriented Controlled PMSM with Misplaced Hall-Effect Sensors

by Mengji Zhao, Quntao An, Changqing Chen, Fuqiang Cao and Siwen Li

Energies 2022, 15(16), 5985; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15165985 - 18 Aug 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1974

Abstract

Low resolution Hall-effect sensors have been commonly applied in PMSM drives for the reason of cost and volume. Generally, rotor speed and position are estimated inaccurately due to the installation error of the sensors. The inaccurate position degrades the performance of current control and also increases torque ripples, which aggravates mechanical vibration and noise. An improved dual observer is proposed in this paper to suppress the impact of misplaced Hall-effect sensors and improve estimation accuracy. By a cascading dual Luenberger observer and combining feedback decoupling control, the low-order noises produced by the deviation of Hall signals are effectively suppressed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experimental results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Permanent Magnet Machines and Drives)

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20 pages, 11446 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on a Limit Analytical Method for a Low-Speed Micro Permanent Magnet Torque Motor with Back Winding

by Shuangshuang Guo, Bo Zhao, Cunshan Zhang, Binglin Lu, Yukang Chu and Peng Yang

Energies 2022, 15(13), 4662; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134662 - 25 Jun 2022

Viewed by 1144

Abstract

The conventional permanent magnet torque motor (PMTM) is slotted on the inner surface of the stator core. When the size of the stator core is small, the winding coils are difficult to embed into the slots. To solve the problem, a novel PMTM is presented, which is slotted on the outer surface of the stator core. As a result, the winding coils can be conveniently embedded into the slots from the outer surface of the stator core. The novel structure of the PMTM with back winding (BWPMTM) is introduced, and the advantage of the novel structure is analyzed. Furthermore, this paper proposes a limit analytical method to solve the optimal parameters of the motor which comprehensively considers four constraints: no-load back electromotive force (EMF), torque, temperature and slot space factor. The optimal parameters of the motor are directly solved to maximize torque density within the constrained range. This method avoids repeated iterative processes and greatly reduces the amount of calculation for PMTM design. Electromagnetic performance and thermal performance are analyzed based on the finite element model (FEM). Finally, the building of a prototype and the experimental results obtained with it are discussed. The rationality of the novel structure and the limit analytical method are verified. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Permanent Magnet Machines and Drives)

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14 pages, 9895 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Study on the Improvement of Torque Density of an Axial Slot-Less Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Collaborative Robot

by Dong-Youn Shin, Min-Jae Jung, Kang-Been Lee, Ki-Doek Lee and Won-Ho Kim

Energies 2022, 15(9), 3464; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093464 - 09 May 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2701

Abstract

In this paper, an axial slot-less permanent magnet synchronous motor (ASFPMSM) was designed to increase the power density. The iron core of the stator was replaced with block coils, and the stator back yoke was removed because 3D printing can provide a wide range of structures of the stator. The proposed model also significantly impacts efficiency because it can reduce iron loss. To meet size and performance requirements, coil thickness and number of winding layers in the block, the total amount of magnet, and pole/slot combinations were considered. The validity of the proposed model was proved via finite elements analysis (FEA). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Permanent Magnet Machines and Drives)

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18 pages, 4113 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Single Line/Phase Open Fault-Tolerant Decoupling Control of a Five-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor under Different Stator Connections

by Bing Tian, Runze Lu and Jiasongyu Hu

Energies 2022, 15(9), 3366; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093366 - 05 May 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1397

Abstract

Fault-tolerant control (FTC) of a star-connected Five-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (5Φ-PMSM) under open-circuit faults has been extensively studied, among which the decoupled control is attractive and finds a broad application in many fields. Pentacle- and pentagon-connected (generally known as “Penta-connected”) 5Φ-PMSMs are popular due to their low voltage and high-power density, and especially, the demanded DC voltage level for the pentacle-connection mode accounting for merely 1/1.9021 of the star-connection mode, which is very appealing today. On the other hand, as one of the recent advances, the fault-tolerant decoupling control for penta-connections is still yet to be reviewed, and so this study investigates this issue and attempts to find the similarities and dissimilarities between star- and penta-connections under either single-line or single-phase open faults. Torque behavior analysis under, respectively, the fault-tolerant MPPT and i_d = 0 is conducted to confirm the validity of the presented FTC, and it is expected to provide a reference for selecting a 5Φ-PMSM for practical use. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Permanent Magnet Machines and Drives)

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11 pages, 5774 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Performance Evaluation of an Axial Flux Machine with a Hybrid Excitation Design

by Pawel Prajzendanc and Piotr Paplicki

Energies 2022, 15(8), 2733; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15082733 - 08 Apr 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2270

Abstract

Variable speed, permanent magnet synchronous machines with hybrid excitation have attracted much attention due to their flux-control potential. In this paper, a design of permanent magnet axial flux machines with iron poles in the rotor and an additional electrically controlled source of excitation fixed on the stator is presented. This paper shows results pertaining to air-gap flux control, electromagnetic losses, electromagnetic torque, back emf and efficiency maps obtained through field-strengthening and weakening operations and investigated by 3D finite element analysis. Moreover, the temperature distribution of the machine was analyzed according to the fluid–thermal coupling method. The presented machine was prototyped and experimentally tested to validate the effectiveness of numerical models and achieved results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Permanent Magnet Machines and Drives)

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Review

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29 pages, 1870 KiB

Open AccessReview

Review on Model Based Design of Advanced Control Algorithms for Cogging Torque Reduction in Power Drive Systems

by Pierpaolo Dini and Sergio Saponara

Energies 2022, 15(23), 8990; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15238990 - 28 Nov 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 1553

Abstract

This review of the state of the art aims to collect the description and main research results in the field of development and validation of control algorithms with the main purpose to solve the problem of cogging torque and main sources of electromagnetic torque ripple. In particular, we focus on electric drives for advanced and modern mechatronic applications such as industrial automation, robotics, and automotive applications, with special emphasis on work that exploits model-based design. A great added value of this paper is to explicitly show the operational steps required for the model-based design design of optimized control algorithms for electric drives where it is necessary to make up for electromagnetic torque oscillations due to the main sources of ripple, particularly cogging torque. The ultimate goal of this paper is to provide researchers approaching this particular problem with a comprehensive collection of the most effective solutions reported in the state of the art and also a summary for effectively applying the model-based design methodology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Permanent Magnet Machines and Drives)

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