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Methodologies and Applications for Security and Reliability Assessment of Energy Supply

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 11206

Special Issue Editors

1. Faculty of Informatics, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania
2. Laboratory of Nuclear Installation Safety, Lithuanian Energy Institute, Breslaujos 3, LT-44403 Kaunas, Lithuania
Interests: energy security; risk and reliability analysis; statistical data analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
1. Laboratory of Nuclear Installation Safety, Lithuanian Energy Institute, Breslaujos 3, LT-44403 Kaunas, Lithuania
2. Faculty of Informatics, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania
Interests: data statistical analysis; energy security analysis; energy system mathematical modelling; reliability and risk analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Energy security still remains an important issue in today’s world. The importance of energy security is growing along with the growing dependence of states on energy resources and increasing competition for them. This Special Issue aims to collect research manuscripts that demonstrate high-quality methodological or practical approaches focusing on the security and reliability assessment of energy supply.

Prof. Dr. Ričardas Krikštolaitis
Dr. Linas Martišauskas
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • energy supply security
  • energy system reliability
  • energy system modelling
  • energy planning

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

28 pages, 4573 KiB  
Article
Energy Planning of Renewable Energy Sources in an Italian Context: Energy Forecasting Analysis of Photovoltaic Systems in the Residential Sector
by Domenico Palladino and Nicolandrea Calabrese
Energies 2023, 16(7), 3042; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16073042 - 27 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3643
Abstract
Solar photovoltaic systems will play a key role in the country’s energy mix thanks to their ability to meet increasing energy needs while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Despite the potential of solar photovoltaic energy, several criticalities remain, such as the intermittent nature and [...] Read more.
Solar photovoltaic systems will play a key role in the country’s energy mix thanks to their ability to meet increasing energy needs while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Despite the potential of solar photovoltaic energy, several criticalities remain, such as the intermittent nature and the need for significant land use for its implementation. In this regard, this work aimed at evaluating the photovoltaic potentiality in a national context by 2030 and 2050, considering only installations on the roof surfaces of existing buildings, i.e., without consuming additional land. This study has allowed the answering of three key points: (i) the roof surface could represent a valuable and alternative solution for new installations, since it could amount to around 450 km2, (ii) the national target cannot be reached by only using installations on existing buildings, although some regions could get close to the target by 2050, and (iii) long-term energy incentives should be implemented branching out to each national region, considering their photovoltaic potential. Finally, a regional potential index was also defined, capable of evaluating the photovoltaic potential in each region, helping policymakers to adopt the most suitable energy strategies. Full article
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19 pages, 2447 KiB  
Article
UAV Photogrammetry Application for Determining the Influence of Shading on Solar Photovoltaic Array Energy Efficiency
by Vytautas Bocullo, Linas Martišauskas, Darius Pupeikis, Ramūnas Gatautis, Rytis Venčaitis and Rimantas Bakas
Energies 2023, 16(3), 1292; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031292 - 25 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1371
Abstract
The field of solar photovoltaic (PV) plants has seen significant growth in recent years, with an increasing number of installations being developed worldwide. However, despite advancements in technology and design, the impact of shading on the performance of PV plants remains an area [...] Read more.
The field of solar photovoltaic (PV) plants has seen significant growth in recent years, with an increasing number of installations being developed worldwide. However, despite advancements in technology and design, the impact of shading on the performance of PV plants remains an area of concern. Accurate 3D models produced using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry can provide aid to evaluate shading from nearby surroundings and to determine the potential of a site for electricity production via solar PV plants. The main objective of this paper is to address the problem of shadows significantly reducing energy yield in solar PV plants by proposing a methodology that aims at assessing the shading effects on PV systems and determining the optimal configuration for a PV module array using an accurate digital environment 3D model built using UAV photogrammetry. A high-level-of-detail 3D model allows us to evaluate possible obstacles for PV module array construction and accurately recreate the proximities that can cast shadows. The methodology was applied to grid-connected PV systems in Kaunas, Lithuania. The results of the case study show that electricity production in PV modules is highest at a 15° tilt angle when the distance between PV rows is 1.25 m. The proposed methodology gives an 11% difference in PV yield due to shading compared with other tools that do not include shading. This study also highlights that at least 30% financing support is necessary for solar PV plants to be economically attractive, resulting in a payback of 9 years and an internal rate of return of 8%. Additionally, this study can help optimize the design and layout of PV systems, making them more efficient and cost-effective. Full article
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18 pages, 3496 KiB  
Article
Design and Simulation of a Highly Reliable Modular High-Power Current Source
by Qing Zhou, Yuelei Xu, Xin Qi and Zhaoxiang Zhang
Energies 2022, 15(22), 8593; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15228593 - 16 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1569
Abstract
Currently, modularization, low complexity, and high performance are the three directions that high-power power supplies are gradually moving toward. Under the premise of determining the objective conditions such as operating environment and material technology, a significant task in power supply reliability design is [...] Read more.
Currently, modularization, low complexity, and high performance are the three directions that high-power power supplies are gradually moving toward. Under the premise of determining the objective conditions such as operating environment and material technology, a significant task in power supply reliability design is to optimize the power supply’s structure, topology, and mode of operation. In this paper, we analyze the reliability design of parallel module redundancy in detail and design the overall structure of the power supply. To further improve the reliability of the power supply, methods for power reliability design at the leg level and component level are proposed. This paper verifies the correctness of the design through simulation and develops a N + 1 modular redundant power supply according to the design scheme. The simulation experiment verifies the consistency of the design scheme and parameters. Full article
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18 pages, 2142 KiB  
Article
The Anatomy of Unaffordable Electricity in Northern Europe in 2021
by Jaakko Jääskeläinen, Kaisa Huhta and Sanna Syri
Energies 2022, 15(20), 7504; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207504 - 12 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1715
Abstract
European electricity prices soared to unusually high levels during 2021, which exposed vulnerabilities in the economy and led to concerns about affordability. The concerns were further exacerbated in 2022, as Europe strove to cut its dependence on the Russian fossil fuel supply, as [...] Read more.
European electricity prices soared to unusually high levels during 2021, which exposed vulnerabilities in the economy and led to concerns about affordability. The concerns were further exacerbated in 2022, as Europe strove to cut its dependence on the Russian fossil fuel supply, as a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. This article explores the causes of the price increases in 2021 and assesses their likely future development by using Finland as a case example. We address a gap in the existing energy literature by elucidating the origins and future outlooks of price spikes in highly interconnected electricity markets. Based on an interdisciplinary combination of legal and qualitative data analysis, this study approaches its key objective in three stages. First, we describe the European market and its regulatory design to demonstrate the legislative framework and preconditions within which the market is expected to operate and how these rules connect to guaranteeing the affordability of electricity. Second, we explore how these preconditions functioned in practice in 2021 by analysing the wider macro-level trends that resulted in the elevated prices throughout Europe, particularly in Finland. Third, we assess the impacts of these trends on Finnish electricity price development. Based on these descriptive and predictive analyses, we show that the European market design fundamentally necessitates price variation to ensure market-based investment and energy security in the long-term. Our analysis demonstrates that the high energy prices in 2021 were, in general, the result of various weather-related, economic, and political factors. Moreover, our findings indicate that the dynamics of price formation within a Member State are complex, and in the case of Finland, strongly impacted by neighbouring markets. Full article
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20 pages, 1651 KiB  
Article
Wind Energy Development Site Selection Using an Integrated Fuzzy ANP-TOPSIS Decision Model
by Mahmood Shafiee
Energies 2022, 15(12), 4289; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15124289 - 11 Jun 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2148
Abstract
The identification of appropriate locations for wind energy development is a complex problem that involves several factors, ranging from technical to socio-economic and environmental aspects. Wind energy site selection is generally associated with high degrees of uncertainty due to the long planning, design, [...] Read more.
The identification of appropriate locations for wind energy development is a complex problem that involves several factors, ranging from technical to socio-economic and environmental aspects. Wind energy site selection is generally associated with high degrees of uncertainty due to the long planning, design, construction, and operational timescales. Thus, there is a crucial need to develop efficient methods that are capable of capturing uncertainties in subjective assessments provided by different stakeholders with diverse views. This paper proposes a novel multi-criteria decision model integrating the fuzzy analytic network process (FANP) and the fuzzy technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) to evaluate and prioritize the potential sites for wind power development. Four major criteria, namely economic, social, technical, and geographical, with nine sub-criteria are identified based on consultation with wind farm investors, regulatory bodies, landowners and residents, developers and operators, component suppliers, ecologists, and GIS analysts. The stakeholders’ preferences regarding the relative importance of criteria are measured using a logarithmic least squares method, and then the alternative sites are prioritized based on their relative closeness to the positive ideal solution. The proposed model is applied to determine the most appropriate site for constructing an onshore wind power plant consisting of 10 wind turbines of 2.5 MW. Finally, the results are discussed and compared with those obtained using the traditional AHP, ANP and ANP-TOPSIS decision-making approaches. Full article
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