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Advances in Solar Systems and Energy Efficiency
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Advances in Solar Systems and Energy Efficiency

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A2: Solar Energy and Photovoltaic Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 19 June 2024 | Viewed by 7322

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Maciej Zajkowski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
Interests: energy efficiency; lighting technologies; solar energy; daylighting
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Adam Idzkowski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
Interests: robotic sensors; applications of sensors in transportation; wireless sensor networks; signal processing; renewable energy; energy harvesting; metrology; measurement uncertainty
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Zbigniew Sołjan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
Interests: power theory; power quality; reactive compensation; reactive power; unbalanced load; asymmetrical voltage; currents' physical components (CPC); sinusoidal waveforms; non-sinusoidal waveforms; balancing compensation
Dr. Stanislav Darula

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Construction and Architecture Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
Interests: energy conservation; daylighting; solar radiation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Solar energy technologies are now widely recognized as a greener solution to the serious problems of environmental pollution and energy shortages. In recent years, awareness of climate change, decarbonisation, circular economy and energy efficiency has sparked interest in renewable energy sources, including solar energy and energy management methods. Solar energy is one of the most important aspects of renewable energy and is already widely used in the domestic, industrial, rural and transport sectors.

In general, solar energy is used in the following ways: to generate electricity, heat energy in the form of active and passive systems, and visible light. Among the available technologies, there are solutions in the field of photovoltaics, solar collectors, solar radiation concentrators and systems for acquiring and distributing daylight. The main purpose of the application of these technologies is to obtain a high level of energy efficiency by generating energy at the place of its production, without the need to distribute it over long distances, without losses and with high efficiency.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to collate a series of scientific articles on various aspects of solar energy technology and energy efficiency, including current research on various photovoltaic and thermal technologies, solar concentrators, solar transport, solar heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) and solar building technology. This scientific area also includes research on the application of such solutions, research on manufacturing systems, design of solar systems and energy efficiency, modelling and simulation, performance, life cycle assessment and optimization. We invite both original research and review articles.

Prof. Dr. Maciej Zajkowski
Prof. Dr. Adam Idzkowski
Dr. Zbigniew Sołjan
Dr. Stanislav Darula
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • solar energy
  • energy efficiency
  • solar systems
  • photovoltaic
  • thermal energy
  • solar concentrators
  • daylighting
  • smart grids
  • power energy
  • materials for solar systems
  • measurements of solar systems and energy efficiency systems
  • novel measurement, test, and characterization methods and systems
  • processes and tools for industrialization
  • storage systems
  • power electronics for PV
  • grid integration
  • climate change impact on solar production
  • energy policy
  • economy of solar conversion systems
  • radiation measurement and prediction
  • modelling, yield measurements, forecast, and predictions

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 7165 KiB  
Article
Thermodynamic Analysis of a Cogeneration System Combined with Heat, Cold, and Electricity Based on the Supercritical CO2 Power Cycle
by Rujun Zhang, Xiaohe Wang, Shuang Yang and Xin Shen
Energies 2024, 17(7), 1767; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17071767 - 08 Apr 2024
Viewed by 319
Abstract
The supercritical CO2 power cycle driven by solar as a new generation of solar thermal power generation technology has drawn significant attention worldwide. In this paper, a cogeneration system derived from a supercritical CO2 recompression Brayton cycle is proposed, by considering [...] Read more.
The supercritical CO2 power cycle driven by solar as a new generation of solar thermal power generation technology has drawn significant attention worldwide. In this paper, a cogeneration system derived from a supercritical CO2 recompression Brayton cycle is proposed, by considering the recovery of waste heat from the turbine outlet. The absorption refrigeration cycle is powered by the medium-temperature waste heat from the turbine outlet, while the low-temperature waste heat is employed for heating, achieving the cascaded utilization of the heat from the turbine outlet. As for the proposed combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system, a dynamic model was built and verified in MATLAB R2021b/Simulink. Under design conditions, values for the energy utilization factor (EUF) and exergy efficiency of the cogeneration system were obtained. Moreover, the thermodynamic performances of the system were investigated in variable cooling/heating load and irradiation conditions. Compared with the reference system, it is indicated that the energy utilization factor (EUF) and exergy efficiency are 84.7% and 64.8%, which are improved by 11.5% and 10.3%. The proposed supercritical CO2 CCHP system offers an effective solution for the efficient utilization of solar energy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Solar Systems and Energy Efficiency)
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20 pages, 4778 KiB  
Article
Optical Modelling of a Linear Fresnel Concentrator for the Development of a Spectral Splitting Concentrating Photovoltaic Thermal Receiver
by Alois Resch and Robert Höller
Energies 2023, 16(14), 5373; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16145373 - 14 Jul 2023
Viewed by 746
Abstract
Concentrating photovoltaic thermal (CPVT) solar collectors can be regarded as a promising technology, as they are capable of providing renewable electricity and industrial heat simultaneously. The development of a novel CPVT receiver for a linear Fresnel concentrator requires detailed knowledge about the optical [...] Read more.
Concentrating photovoltaic thermal (CPVT) solar collectors can be regarded as a promising technology, as they are capable of providing renewable electricity and industrial heat simultaneously. The development of a novel CPVT receiver for a linear Fresnel concentrator requires detailed knowledge about the optical performance of the utilised mirror field. Therefore, this paper presents a generic optical model for such concentrating solar systems. The model was developed in MATLAB™ and calculates the sun’s position depending on the location, date and time. The subsequent geometrical computation of each mirror stripe angle is the basis for the detailed consideration of internal shading mechanisms that are typical for Fresnel mirror concentrators. Furthermore, the cosine losses are determined separately for each mirror. The outcomes of the developed model comprise the optical performance parameters of the considered Fresnel mirror field, such as the geometric efficiency, resulting irradiance in the receiver input plane, expected width of the focus image, concentration factor and total radiant flux impinging the receiver. Due to the chosen design of the model, its application is not limited to a particular kind of Fresnel concentrator. By contrast, all geometric parameters, such as the number of mirrors, the dimensions of the mirrors and the receiver, among others, can be freely adjusted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Solar Systems and Energy Efficiency)
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38 pages, 3618 KiB  
Article
Why Does the PV Solar Power Plant Operate Ineffectively?
by Lina Alhmoud
Energies 2023, 16(10), 4074; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16104074 - 13 May 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2541
Abstract
Quality, reliability, and durability are the key features of photovoltaic (PV) solar system design, production, and operation. They are considered when manufacturing every cell and designing the entire system. Achieving these key features ensures that the PV solar system performs satisfactorily and offers [...] Read more.
Quality, reliability, and durability are the key features of photovoltaic (PV) solar system design, production, and operation. They are considered when manufacturing every cell and designing the entire system. Achieving these key features ensures that the PV solar system performs satisfactorily and offers years of trouble-free operation, even in adverse conditions. In each cell, the quality of the raw material should meet the quality standards. The fulfillment of the quality management system requires every part that goes into the PV solar system to undergo extensive testing in laboratories and environments to ensure it meets expectations. Hence, every MWh of electricity generated by the PV solar system is counted, the losses should be examined, and the PV system’s returns should be maximized. There are many types of losses in the PV solar system; these losses are identified and quantified based on knowledge and experience. They can be classified into two major blocks: optical and electrical losses. The optical losses include, but are not limited to, partial shading losses, far shading losses, near shading losses, incident angle modifier (IAM) losses, soiling losses, potential induced degradation (PID) losses, temperature losses, light-induced degradation (LID) losses, PV yearly degradation losses, array mismatch losses, and module quality losses. In addition, there are cable losses inside the PV solar power system, inverter losses, transformer losses, and transmission line losses. Thus, this work reviews the losses in the PV solar system in general and the 103 MWp grid-tied Al Quweira PV power plant/Aqaba, mainly using PVsyst software. The annual performance ratio (PR) is 79.5%, and the efficiency (η) under standard test conditions (STC) is 16.49%. The normalized production is 4.64 kWh/kWp/day, the array loss is 1.69 kWh/kWp/day, and the system loss is 0.18 kWh/kWp/day. Understanding factors that impact the PV system production losses is the key to obtaining an accurate production estimation. It enhances the annual energy and yield generated from the power plant. This review benefits investors, energy professionals, manufacturers, installers, and project developers by allowing them to maximize energy generation from PV solar systems and increase the number of solar irradiation incidents on PV modules. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Solar Systems and Energy Efficiency)
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26 pages, 8415 KiB  
Article
Study on the Performance of Photovoltaic/Thermal Collector–Heat Pump–Absorption Chiller Tri-Generation Supply System
by Han Yue, Zipeng Xu, Shangling Chu, Chao Cheng, Heng Zhang, Haiping Chen and Dengxin Ai
Energies 2023, 16(7), 3034; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16073034 - 27 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1573
Abstract
The solar energy supply system has played an increasingly substantial role in realizing nearly zero-carbon buildings. In order to overcome the impact of solar randomness on the energy supply of a distributed solar system, this paper proposes a solar tri-generation supply system which [...] Read more.
The solar energy supply system has played an increasingly substantial role in realizing nearly zero-carbon buildings. In order to overcome the impact of solar randomness on the energy supply of a distributed solar system, this paper proposes a solar tri-generation supply system which integrates a photovoltaic/thermal collector (PV/T), a heat pump (HP), and an absorption chiller (AC). The PV/T-HP integration system is adopted to provide stable heating for a building and AC. The system model is established in TRNSYS software, and its performance is evaluated based on energy, exergy, and economic aspects. The results demonstrate that the system effectively meets the load demand, with an energy efficiency of 32.98% and an exergy efficiency of 17.62%. The payback period (PP) is 7.77 years. Compared with the systems proposed in the other literature, the performance of the proposed system has a certain extent of advantage. Furthermore, the equipment and system exergy performance decline with an increase in the intensity of solar radiation. Increasing the PV/T area effectively improves the system’s profitability within the actual roof area limitation of the building. Moreover, increasing the capacity of the low-temperature heat pump after 68 kW improves the system efficiency and reduces the payback period. In summary, this paper proposes an efficient distributed solar energy system that is suitable for urban building energy supply. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Solar Systems and Energy Efficiency)
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Review

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20 pages, 5422 KiB  
Review
The Effect of Dust Deposition on the Performance of Photovoltaic Panels
by Carmen Otilia Rusănescu, Marin Rusănescu, Irina Aura Istrate, Gabriel Alexandru Constantin and Mihaela Begea
Energies 2023, 16(19), 6794; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16196794 - 24 Sep 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1372
Abstract
Given the energy crisis and climate change due to pollution, and given that the largest emissions of greenhouse gases are produced by the energy industry, we must turn our attention to the efficient use of solar energy, which is the cleanest and most [...] Read more.
Given the energy crisis and climate change due to pollution, and given that the largest emissions of greenhouse gases are produced by the energy industry, we must turn our attention to the efficient use of solar energy, which is the cleanest and most abundant of all renewable energies. In this paper, based on an analysis of the specialized literature, we studied the effect of dust accumulation on the surface of photovoltaic modules on some performance characteristics and on the efficiency of these panels and modules compared to the efficiency of clean modules. We analyzed the cause of dust accumulation and the influence of the tilt angles of the photovoltaic panels on the dust deposition rate. We highlighted the influence of atmospheric temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, and relative humidity depending on the density of the dust deposited on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, and we found a decrease in the efficiency of the panel based on the increase in dust density for slightly high values of solar radiation, wind speed, and relative humidity. We highlighted the reduction in CO2 emissions by replacing electricity from fossil fuels with solar energy. The efficient use of solar energy is a solution for the decarbonization of the energy sector. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Solar Systems and Energy Efficiency)
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