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Renewable Based Energy Distributed Generation

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F2: Distributed Energy System".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 5489

Special Issue Editors

MOBI Research Group, Department ETEC, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
Interests: renewable energies; reliability; safety energy storage/battery; electric vehicle
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Montenegro, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
Interests: renewable energies; power generation; electric storage devices; electric machines
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The diminution of fuel resources; fluctuations in global fuel prices; complexity in fuel transportation, particularly with the COVID-19 pandemic issues that the world is currently facing; global warming; and greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and other hazardous gases that result in terrain and climate change are examples of these problems. This has motivated researchers to find alternatives to replace fossil fuel-based technologies with enhanced-performance renewable energy-based technologies. The high penetration of renewable-based energy generation technologies in conventional unsupported ‘deteriorated’ distribution systems can pose various problems, such as overvoltage, harmonic distortion, increased line losses, and increased short-circuit capacities, resulting in protection failure. Accordingly, the integration of distributed generation units into power distribution networks should be codified to avoid problems in these power systems. Additionally, under such complex challenges, the importance of power quality issues is stronger than before, which entails finding appropriate solutions to the problems created by renewable penetration into the distribution networks and, therefore, maintaining acceptable power quality levels above particular limits will be a principal challenge in the coming decades. Furthermore, the impacts of modernizing power system grids with distributed generation units, active and reactive compensators, and electric vehicles should be investigated.

In this Special Issue, we encourage the submission of original contributions that cover the emerging challenges in renewable-based energy distributed generation technologies in modern power systems. It will be our pleasure to provide a platform to bring together university scientists, researchers, and leading researchers to share their thoughts, ideas, experiences, and research results on all aspects of the renewable-based energy-distributed generation of modern electrical systems and smart networks. This includes problem descriptions, the application of new optimization methodologies in power system planning, resource management, microgrid performance enhancement, uncertainty/sensitivity calculations, case studies, and applications.

Dr. Foad H. Gandoman
Dr. Shady H. E. Abdel Aleem
Dr. Calasan Martin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • power system planning
  • renewable energy integration
  • micro- and nanogrids
  • resource management
  • reliability
  • uncertainty
  • optimization
  • decision making
  • distributed generation
  • electricity markets
  • energy storage
  • power quality
  • electric vehicles
  • future trends
  • case studies

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 820 KiB  
Article
Adoption of Local Peer-to-Peer Energy Markets: Technical and Economical Perspectives for Utilities
by Kristie Kaminski Küster, Daniel Gebbran, Alexandre Rasi Aoki, Germano Lambert-Torres, Daniel Navarro-Gevers, Patrício Rodolfo Impinisi and Cleverson Luiz da Silva Pinto
Energies 2023, 16(5), 2364; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16052364 - 01 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1201
Abstract
Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy markets constitute a promising approach for locally coordinating the increasing amount of distributed energy resources (DERs) in the distribution system. Although the benefits of P2P markets for the prosumers are already well understood, their impact on utilities is not well [...] Read more.
Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy markets constitute a promising approach for locally coordinating the increasing amount of distributed energy resources (DERs) in the distribution system. Although the benefits of P2P markets for the prosumers are already well understood, their impact on utilities is not well discussed nor well understood. This hinders the development of regulatory frameworks, which are still needed to allow for the widespread adoption of decentralized energy markets in any interested country. So far, research has been conducted in specific isolated aspects, making it difficult to understand the overall implications for utilities. The present study aims to tackle this research gap by comprehensively evaluating P2P markets’ effects, considering utilities as primary stakeholders. A qualitative roadmap with the overall benefits and challenges of adopting P2P by utilities is outlined to reach this purpose. Technical and economic criteria are assigned for comparing a P2P market to the current regulatory framework. Each criterion is evaluated in a co-simulation platform connecting a market model to a power flow model. Market performance is assessed by revenue analysis, and grid operation indicators evaluate grid performance. Furthermore, network fees are introduced as compensation mechanisms for the net revenue loss. Comparison scenarios encompass network fees and the number of agents, PV, and storage penetration. Results demonstrate that there is no possible benefit for both utilities and prosumers simultaneously if looking exclusively at the financial balance of the market. An equilibrium in benefits for all stakeholders is achievable if non-financial metrics are considered in an integrated market and fee structure analysis. Moreover, results demonstrate that the design of market structures must be sensitive to network configurations and DER penetration changes. This study contributes toward comprehending how the utilities could embrace P2P markets as a feasible solution for grid coordination challenges, opening a new set of questions for further research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Based Energy Distributed Generation)
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22 pages, 2409 KiB  
Article
Multidimensional Risk-Based Real Options Valuation for Low-Carbon Cogeneration Pathways
by Houd Al-Obaidli, Rajesh Govindan and Tareq Al-Ansari
Energies 2023, 16(3), 1250; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031250 - 24 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1087
Abstract
Energy price fluctuations pose a significant risk and uncertainty to financial investments for new developments in conventional power and freshwater cogeneration facilities. This study attempts to address the problem of making robust valuation for low-carbon energy project investments subject to multi-dimensional price risk, [...] Read more.
Energy price fluctuations pose a significant risk and uncertainty to financial investments for new developments in conventional power and freshwater cogeneration facilities. This study attempts to address the problem of making robust valuation for low-carbon energy project investments subject to multi-dimensional price risk, particularly looking at some key research questions: (a) how does the correlation structure, or independence, between the price risks affect the project value; and (b) does adding flexibility in investment enhance or worsen the project valuation, given (a). This study identified three price factors with significant fluctuations that impact conventional power generation, namely: wholesale electricity spot price, natural gas spot price, and CO2 market price. The price factors were used to construct a multidimensional risk model and evaluate investment decisions for cogeneration project expansion in the future based on a low-carbon energy mix. To this end, five cogeneration configurations using combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) integrated with solar photovoltaics (PV) and carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies were assessed. A combined price risk was initially estimated by transforming the given price factors representing maximum covariance using principal component analysis (PCA). The trend and volatilities in the major principal component scores (the combined price risk indicator) were modelled using the geometric Brownian motion stochastic process, whose parameters were determined and then used to perform time-series simulation and generate multiple realisations of the principal component. A back transformation was then applied to obtain the simulated values representing future uncertainties in the price factors. The effect of price risk and uncertainties were subsequently evaluated using a recombining binomial lattice model for real options analysis (ROA). There were financial gains when PV was mixed with conventional natural gas-fired technology. Investment in cogeneration configurations with (a) 25% PV share provided a 53% gain in the extended net present value (e–NPV); and (b) 50% PV share provided a 124% e–NPV gain when compared to the baseline cogeneration system with no PV shares. The analyses demonstrate that PV technology is a better hedging option than CCS against future market uncertainty and price volatility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Based Energy Distributed Generation)
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27 pages, 6224 KiB  
Article
Simultaneous Distribution Network Reconfiguration and Optimal Allocation of Renewable-Based Distributed Generators and Shunt Capacitors under Uncertain Conditions
by Mahmoud M. Sayed, Mohamed Y. Mahdy, Shady H. E. Abdel Aleem, Hosam K. M. Youssef and Tarek A. Boghdady
Energies 2022, 15(6), 2299; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15062299 - 21 Mar 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2383
Abstract
Smart grid technology has received ample attention in past years to develop the traditional power distribution network and to enable the integration of distributed generation units (DGs) to satisfy increasing demand loads and to improve network performance. In addition to DGs, integration of [...] Read more.
Smart grid technology has received ample attention in past years to develop the traditional power distribution network and to enable the integration of distributed generation units (DGs) to satisfy increasing demand loads and to improve network performance. In addition to DGs, integration of shunt capacitors (SCs) along with network reconfiguration can also play an important role in improving network performance. Besides, network reconfiguration can help to increase the distributed generation hosting capacity of the network. Some of the research in the literature have presented and discussed the problem of optimal integration of renewable DGs and SCs along with optimal network reconfiguration, while the network load variability and/or the intermittent nature of renewable DGs are neglected. For the work presented in this paper, the SHADE optimization algorithm along with the SOE reconfiguration method have been employed for solving the aforementioned optimization problem with consideration of uncertainty related to both the network load and the output power of the renewable DGs. Maximizing the hosting capacity (HC) of the DGs and reducing network power losses in addition to improving the voltage profile have been considered as optimization objectives. Five different case studies have been conducted considering 33-bus and 59-bus distribution networks. The obtained results validate the effectiveness and the superiority of the employed techniques for maximizing the HC up to 17% and reducing power losses up to 95%. Besides, the results also depict the effect of SC integration and the consideration of uncertainties on achieving the optimization objectives with realistic modeling of the optimization problem. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Based Energy Distributed Generation)
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