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Advances in CO2-Free Energy Technologies
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Advances in CO2-Free Energy Technologies

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A: Sustainable Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (14 April 2023) | Viewed by 18398

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Umair Yaqub Qazi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al-Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia
Interests: heterogeneous catalysts; environmental chemistry; energy chemistry; electrochemistry; hydrogen evolution reaction; oxygen evolution reaction
Dr. Rahat Javaid

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Renewable Energy Research Center, Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Koriyama 963-0298, Japan
Interests: development of efficient and stable nanomaterials for use as catalysts in clean, sustainable energy technologies, as well as environmentally benign catalytic applications; current research is focused on CO2-free catalytic ammonia synthesis as a hydrogen/energy carrier
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Because of the rapid depletion of conventional energy sources, increasing energy demand, and related environmental issues, the biggest challenge in today’s world is to meet the growing energy demands in an environmentally benign and sustainable manner. Innovation in CO2-free energy technologies is essential for the establishment of a prosperous, low-carbon economy and sustainable society. To achieve the rapid deployment of renewables-based CO2-free energy technologies, it is urgently required to develop efficient and sustainable technologies that can be applied to achieve the same economic scale that has been achieved in established processes. Currently, renewables-based CO2-free clean energy technologies are being deployed widely, and include solar, thermal, wind, hydro, biomass, and geothermal energies, the utilization of CO2-free green fuels (including hydrogen, ammonia, and biofuels), storage technologies, etc. The development of efficient and cost-effective CO2-free clean energy technologies will encourage the replacement of conventional fossil-fuel-based energy systems, which is ultimately required for the development of a sustainable society. The purpose of this Special Issue of Energies is to bring together ideas, solutions, and challenges for the implementation of CO2-free green energy technologies in the form of research articles and review papers. Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to:

  1. Solar, wind, geothermal, and bioenergy, and their applications;
  2. Energy conversion and storage;
  3. Materials and devices for energy storage (e.g., batteries and supercapacitors);
  4. Catalysts, electrocatalysts, and photocatalysts;
  5. Hydrogen production and storage;
  6. Ammonia synthesis and its combustion as a source of energy;
  7. Clean fuel and fuel cell applications.

Dr. Umair Yaqub Qazi
Dr. Rahat Javaid
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • solar, wind, geothermal, and bioenergy, and their applications
  • energy conversion and storage
  • materials and devices for energy storage such as batteries and supercapacitors
  • catalysts, electrocatalysts, and photocatalysts
  • hydrogen production and storage
  • ammonia synthesis and its combustion as a source of energy
  • clean fuel and fuel cell applications

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 189 KiB  
Editorial
Advances in CO2-Free Energy Technologies
by Rahat Javaid and Umair Yaqub Qazi
Energies 2023, 16(13), 5079; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16135079 - 30 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 675
Abstract
In today’s world, energy demand is increasing, and meeting this demand in an environmentally benign and sustainable manner is the greatest challenge [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in CO2-Free Energy Technologies)

Research

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13 pages, 2018 KiB  
Article
The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of a Partially Shaded PV Array for Optimization Using the Antlion Algorithm
by Muhammad Jamshed Abbass, Robert Lis and Faisal Saleem
Energies 2023, 16(5), 2380; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16052380 - 02 Mar 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1640
Abstract
The antlion optimizer (ALO) algorithm is used in this article for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of a solar array. The solar array consists of a single module, while there are 20 cells in the module. The voltage and current ratings of each [...] Read more.
The antlion optimizer (ALO) algorithm is used in this article for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of a solar array. The solar array consists of a single module, while there are 20 cells in the module. The voltage and current ratings of each cell are 2 V and 2.5 A, making a 100 W array in ideal condition. However, the voltage and current characteristics of the PV cell are unable to achieve maximum power. Therefore, the ALO was used for MPPT. The results of the ALO are compared with the traditional metaheuristic approaches, perturb and observe (P&O) and flower pollination (FP) algorithms. Comparison of the ALO with the stated algorithms is conducted for two cases: when solar irradiance is 1000 W/m2 and when it drops to 200 W/m2 at first then reaches 1000 W/m2. The change of irradiance is performed to simulate the partial shading condition. The simulation results depict that maximum power for the first case using the ALO reaches 91.3 W in just 0.05 s, while the P&O and PFA reach 90 W after 0.64 and 2 s, respectively. For the case of partial shading, maximum power using the ALO drops to 55 W when irradiance decreases to 200 W/m2 and then increases with the increase in irradiance reaching 91.3 W which clearly shows that the ALO outperforms the P&O and FPA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in CO2-Free Energy Technologies)
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13 pages, 2842 KiB  
Communication
A Perspective on Decarbonizing Mobility: An All-Electrification vs. an All-Hydrogenization Venue
by Anton Manakhov, Maxim Orlov, Mustafa Babiker and Abdulaziz S. Al-Qasim
Energies 2022, 15(15), 5440; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155440 - 27 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1371
Abstract
The growing demand for low-carbon fuel is predicted by ultimate goals to fit the carbon neutrality by 2050 in many countries and regions including the European Union. According to the International Energy Agency, the CO2 emissions related to transportation stand for around [...] Read more.
The growing demand for low-carbon fuel is predicted by ultimate goals to fit the carbon neutrality by 2050 in many countries and regions including the European Union. According to the International Energy Agency, the CO2 emissions related to transportation stand for around 30% of total annual emissions, and so, the decarbonization of the mobility sector has the highest priority. In this work, we attempt to evaluate the expected demand for low-carbon fuels, including blue and green hydrogen, and low-carbon electricity in order to compare the available and required capacities of low-carbon fuels and electricity. According to our calculations based on the figures from 2020, the transition toward H2 mobility would require an amount of hydrogen equal to 366 million tons/annum, and by 2035, this requirement will increase up to 422 million tons/annum, which is several times larger than the existing H2 production capacities. We have estimated the volume of the carbon capture and storage facilities required for full decarbonization of the mobility sector globally, and in the case of hydrogen mobility driven by blue hydrogen, it exceeds 4.0 billions tons of CO2 per annum, while the decarbonization of coal-fired plants will require more than 10.0 billions tons of CO2 per annum. In addition to the calculation of required resources, we have estimated the cost of the fuel and required capital investments and have compared different possible solutions from different points of view: economic viability, technical readiness, and social perception. Finally, it can be concluded that the decarbonization of the mobility sector would require a complex solution involving both low-carbon hydrogen and electrification, and the capacities of low-carbon fuel must be significantly increased in the following decade to fulfill the climate goals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in CO2-Free Energy Technologies)
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Review

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21 pages, 4302 KiB  
Review
Graphene Utilization for Efficient Energy Storage and Potential Applications: Challenges and Future Implementations
by Umair Yaqub Qazi and Rahat Javaid
Energies 2023, 16(6), 2927; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16062927 - 22 Mar 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1979
Abstract
Allotropes of carbon are responsible for discovering the three significant carbon-based compounds, fullerene, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. Over the last few decades, groundbreaking graphene with the finest two-dimensional atomic structure has emerged as the driving force behind new research and development because of [...] Read more.
Allotropes of carbon are responsible for discovering the three significant carbon-based compounds, fullerene, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. Over the last few decades, groundbreaking graphene with the finest two-dimensional atomic structure has emerged as the driving force behind new research and development because of its remarkable mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical functionalities with high surface area. Synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has resulted in numerous applications that previously had not been possible, incorporating sensing and adsorbent properties. Our study covers the most prevalent synthetic methods for making these graphene derivatives and how these methods impact the material’s main features. In particular, it emphasizes the application to water purification, CO2 capture, biomedical, potential energy storage, and conversion applications. Finally, we look at the future of sustainable utilization, its applications, and the challenges which must be solved for efficient application of graphene at large scales. Graphene-based derivative implementations, obstacles, and prospects for further research and development are also examined in this review paper. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in CO2-Free Energy Technologies)
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40 pages, 6941 KiB  
Review
Future of Hydrogen as an Alternative Fuel for Next-Generation Industrial Applications; Challenges and Expected Opportunities
by Umair Yaqub Qazi
Energies 2022, 15(13), 4741; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134741 - 28 Jun 2022
Cited by 60 | Viewed by 11983
Abstract
A general rise in environmental and anthropogenically induced greenhouse gas emissions has resulted from worldwide population growth and a growing appetite for clean energy, industrial outputs, and consumer utilization. Furthermore, well-established, advanced, and emerging countries are seeking fossil fuel and petroleum resources to [...] Read more.
A general rise in environmental and anthropogenically induced greenhouse gas emissions has resulted from worldwide population growth and a growing appetite for clean energy, industrial outputs, and consumer utilization. Furthermore, well-established, advanced, and emerging countries are seeking fossil fuel and petroleum resources to support their aviation, electric utilities, industrial sectors, and consumer processing essentials. There is an increasing tendency to overcome these challenging concerns and achieve the Paris Agreement’s priorities as emerging technological advances in clean energy technologies progress. Hydrogen is expected to be implemented in various production applications as a fundamental fuel in future energy carrier materials development and manufacturing processes. This paper summarizes recent developments and hydrogen technologies in fuel refining, hydrocarbon processing, materials manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, aircraft construction, electronics, and other hydrogen applications. It also highlights the existing industrialization scenario and describes prospective innovations, including theoretical scientific advancements, green raw materials production, potential exploration, and renewable resource integration. Moreover, this article further discusses some socioeconomic implications of hydrogen as a green resource. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in CO2-Free Energy Technologies)
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