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Electronics
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Visible Light (VLC) and Camera Communication
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Visible Light (VLC) and Camera Communication

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Microwave and Wireless Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2020) | Viewed by 18073

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ashwin Ashok

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
Interests: mobile systems; wireless; robotics; cyber security
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The significant growth in radio wireless data traffic has opened up new opportunities for utilizing optical frequencies for wireless data communication through the Visible Light Communication (VLC) technology. VLC is a wireless communication technology that operates unregulated in the visible-light band (400–800 THz frequencies or 380–780 nm wavelengths) of the electromagnetic spectrum, and is enabled by light emitting elements such as light emitting diodes (LED) and light receiving elements such as photodiodes (PD). The use of pixels of an imaging receiver or camera, as the light receiving elements enables the concept of Camera Communications.

Over the past few years, traditional VLC and camera communication have gained significant attention and growth, ranging from increased calls for publications in conferences and journals, separate workshops and tutorials on these topics, as well as standardization and industry effort. In this Special Issue we are interested in novel design architectures, methodologies, protocols and application/use cases for VLC and camera communication that will enable the co-existence of these emerging technologies with next generation wireless technologies. The issue invites submissions on theoretical underpinnings, prototype implementations, deployment and experimental experiences. While this Special Issue invites topics broadly across VLC and camera communications, some specific topics include, but are not limited to,

  • High throughput VLC/Camera communications
  • Novel applications in challenging terrains (underground, underwater etc)
  • Privacy and security in VLC/Camera networks
  • Advanced VLC systems design such as VLC MIMO, Backscatter etc.
  • Coexistence of VLC/Camera communication and RF, Infrared
  • Camera communication and Computer Vision

Dr. Ashwin Ashok
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • camera communication
  • emerging technology
  • light emitting diodes
  • prototypes
  • architectures
  • terahertz communication

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 6803 KiB  
Article
Enabling Multiple Access in Visible Light Communication Using Liquid Crystal Displays: A Proof-of-Concept Study
by MD Rashed Rahman, Kehinde Adedara and Ashwin Ashok
Electronics 2020, 9(5), 826; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9050826 - 16 May 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3497
Abstract
The directionality of optical signals provides an opportunity for efficient space reuse of optical links in visible light communication (VLC). Space reuse in VLC can enable multiple-access communication from multiple light emitting transmitters. Traditional VLC system design using photo-receptors requires at least one [...] Read more.
The directionality of optical signals provides an opportunity for efficient space reuse of optical links in visible light communication (VLC). Space reuse in VLC can enable multiple-access communication from multiple light emitting transmitters. Traditional VLC system design using photo-receptors requires at least one receiving photodetector element for each light emitter, thus constraining VLC to always require a light-emitter to light-receptor element pair. In this paper, we propose, design and evaluate a novel architecture for VLC that can enable multiple-access reception using a photoreceptor receiver that uses only a single photodiode. The novel design includes a liquid-crystal-display (LCD) based shutter system that can be automated to control and enable selective reception of light beams from multiple transmitters. We evaluate the feasibility of multiple access on a single photodiode from two light emitting diode (LED) transmitters and the performance of the communication link using bit-error-rate (BER) and packet-error-rate (PER) metrics. Our experiment and trace based evaluation through proof-of-concept implementation reveals the feasibility of multiple LED reception on a single photodiode. We further evaluate the system in controlled mobile settings to verify the adaptability of the receiver when the LED transmitter changes position. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Visible Light (VLC) and Camera Communication)
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22 pages, 3551 KiB  
Article
Extended Spatial-Index LED Modulation for Optical MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communication
by Hany S. Hussein, Mohamed Hagag and Mohammed Farrag
Electronics 2020, 9(1), 168; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9010168 - 16 Jan 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2555
Abstract
An efficient optical modulation technique for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) visible light communication system is proposed in this paper. The proposed modulation technique is termed as extended spatial-index light-emitting diode (LED) modulation. In the proposed technique, the indices (the [...] Read more.
An efficient optical modulation technique for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) visible light communication system is proposed in this paper. The proposed modulation technique is termed as extended spatial-index light-emitting diode (LED) modulation. In the proposed technique, the indices (the spatial domain) of the LEDs are exploited in a dynamic style to not only get rid of the optical OFDM time-domain ( OFDM t d ) shaping problem but also to expand the LED indices spatial modulation domain. The indices of the active LEDs in the proposed technique are changed from the two LEDs active situation to the situation where all or several LEDs are active. Moreover, within the selected active LED indices, the power weight distribution and the positions of the OFDM components are varied to expand the resultant spatial domain. Therefore, the proposed technique offers a considerable spectral efficiency improvement over the up-to-date LED index OFDM modulation schemes even with a lower number of LEDs. The key idea of the proposed technique is to maximize the LEDs’ indices spatial position (spatial domain) utilization, where both the power weight allocation and the positions of the complex OFDM time domain components are varying several times over the same active LED indices combination, which improve the optical system spectral efficiency. The simulation results asserted the superiority of the proposed technique, as it improves both the average bit error rate (ABER) and the achievable data rate (R) compared with existing up-to-date OFDM-LED index modulations with even lower computational complexity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Visible Light (VLC) and Camera Communication)
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Graphical abstract

10 pages, 677 KiB  
Article
Effective Receiver Design for MIMO Visible Light Communication with Quadrichromatic LEDs
by Manh Le Tran and Sunghwan Kim
Electronics 2019, 8(12), 1383; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121383 - 21 Nov 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2405
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a receiver designing principle for the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) visible light communication (VLC) systems with quadrichromatic light emitting diodes (QLEDs). To simultaneously transmit multiple data streams, the system consists of multiple QLEDs and multiple receivers; each includes four [...] Read more.
In this paper, we propose a receiver designing principle for the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) visible light communication (VLC) systems with quadrichromatic light emitting diodes (QLEDs). To simultaneously transmit multiple data streams, the system consists of multiple QLEDs and multiple receivers; each includes four photodiodes (PDs). We optimize the Euclidean distance of the received signal over some constraints by considering the normal vectors of the receivers. The numerical results show that our proposed receiver design has a better bit error rate (BER) performance in comparison with the conventional receiver. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Visible Light (VLC) and Camera Communication)
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17 pages, 4367 KiB  
Article
Smartphone Camera-Based Optical Wireless Communication System: Requirements and Implementation Challenges
by Md. Shahjalal, Moh. Khalid Hasan, Mostafa Zaman Chowdhury and Yeong Min Jang
Electronics 2019, 8(8), 913; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8080913 - 19 Aug 2019
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 6229
Abstract
Visible light and infrared bands of the optical spectrum used for optical camera communication (OCC) are becoming a promising technology nowadays. Researchers are proposing new OCC-based architectures and applications in both indoor and outdoor systems using the embedded cameras on smartphones, with a [...] Read more.
Visible light and infrared bands of the optical spectrum used for optical camera communication (OCC) are becoming a promising technology nowadays. Researchers are proposing new OCC-based architectures and applications in both indoor and outdoor systems using the embedded cameras on smartphones, with a view to making them user-friendly. Smartphones have useful features for developing applications using the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor cameras, which can receive data from optical transmitters. However, several challenges have arisen in increasing the capacity and communication range, owing to the limitations of current cameras and implementation complexities. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the OCC technology requirements and opportunities using smartphone cameras from an implementation point of view. Furthermore, we demonstrate an OCC system using a low frame rate smartphone camera to particularly analyze the requirements and critical implementation challenges. Also, some possible solutions are provided with a view to improving the overall system capacity, communication distance, and stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Visible Light (VLC) and Camera Communication)
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10 pages, 1507 KiB  
Article
On Secrecy Performance of the Strong User in MISO-NOMA Visible Light Communication System
by Xiang Zhao and Jinyong Sun
Electronics 2019, 8(4), 462; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8040462 - 25 Apr 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2553
Abstract
Since successive interference cancellation in non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is enabled at the strong user to remove the signal of the weak user, if the information safety of the strong user cannot be ensured, neither can the weak user. The physical-layer security of [...] Read more.
Since successive interference cancellation in non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is enabled at the strong user to remove the signal of the weak user, if the information safety of the strong user cannot be ensured, neither can the weak user. The physical-layer security of the strong user in a two-user multiple-input single-output (MISO)-NOMA visible light communication (VLC) system in the presence of a passive eavesdropper was studied, with multiple light-emitting diodes (LEDs) transmitting and a photodiode (PD) receiver receiving. To demonstrate the superiority of the MISO-NOMA VLC system over the SISO-NOMA VLC system, numerical simulations were made, and results show that the secrecy outage probability (SOP) performance of the strong user in the MISO-NOMA VLC system is superior to that in the SISO-NOMA VLC system. Furthermore, the SOP of the strong user depends highly on the room arrangement, the difference between the legitimate channel and eavesdropper channel, and the properties of the LEDs and PD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Visible Light (VLC) and Camera Communication)
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