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Electronics
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Advances in Radar Technology for Remote Sensing
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Advances in Radar Technology for Remote Sensing

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Microwave and Wireless Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2023) | Viewed by 8408

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Lapo Miccinesi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Via Santa Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy
Interests: radar; ground-based radar; ground-based synthetic aperture radar; ground-penetrating radar; interferometric radar
Prof. Dr. Massimiliano Pieraccini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Via Santa Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy
Interests: radar imaging; synthetic aperture radar; electromagnetics; RF engineering; antennas and propagation; remote sensing; telecommunications engineering; radar signal processing; SAR interferometry; electrical & electronics engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue intends to present scholarly papers that address advances in radar technology for remote sensing purposes.

In the last two decades, radars have become one of the most important instruments for remote sensing in several fields, from monitoring vast regions to borehole inspection.

Radar technology is evolving very quickly, and we are likely close to changes in remote sensing paradigms. Nowadays, there are several open challenges related to emerging radar technologies. For example, multiple-input multiple-output radar could improve acquisition time; radar operating at high frequencies could reduce the sizes of sensors; unmanned aerial vehicles could be used to cover the gaps between satellites and terrestrial radar; and three-dimensional radar could be used to monitor crucial infrastructure such as tunnels.

This Special Issue aims to collect and present advances in the following topics:

  • Radar techniques for remote sensing;
  • Ground-based synthetic aperture radar (SAR);
  • Interferometric radar;
  • Multiple-input multiple-output radar;
  • Unmanned aerial system-borne radar;
  • High-frequency radar;
  • Three-dimensional imaging radar;
  • Ground-penetrating radar;
  • Space-borne SAR;
  • Aerial-borne SAR.

You are invited to submit your high-quality manuscripts for publication in this Special Issue.

Dr. Lapo Miccinesi
Prof. Dr. Massimiliano Pieraccini 
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • radar
  • remote sensing
  • ground-based synthetic aperture radar (SAR)
  • interferometric radar
  • multiple-input multiple-output radar
  • unmanned aerial system-borne radar
  • high-frequency radar
  • three-dimensional imaging radar
  • ground-penetrating radar
  • space-borne SAR
  • aerial-borne SAR

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 6012 KiB  
Article
Sparse Reconstruction of SFCWSAR Based on an Approximate Observation Operator
by Xiaoze Hou and Yanheng Ma
Electronics 2023, 12(1), 213; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010213 - 01 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1016
Abstract
The traditional compressed sensing SFCWSAR (Stepped Frequency Continuous Wave Synthetic Aperture Radar) sparse reconstruction algorithm consumes a lot of computer memory and cannot compensate the range migration in the same pulse group. Based on this, this paper proposes a SFCWSAR sparse reconstruction algorithm [...] Read more.
The traditional compressed sensing SFCWSAR (Stepped Frequency Continuous Wave Synthetic Aperture Radar) sparse reconstruction algorithm consumes a lot of computer memory and cannot compensate the range migration in the same pulse group. Based on this, this paper proposes a SFCWSAR sparse reconstruction algorithm based on an approximate observation operator. First, the algorithm replaces the accurate observation operator with the approximate observation operator, which greatly reduces the computer memory consumption while the algorithm is running and realizes the compensation of the range migration in the SFCWSAR pulse group. Furthermore, the SFCWSAR sub-band echo data under full sampling conditions are used to modify the important parameter of the Doppler center frequency of the approximate observation operator, which significantly improves the reconstruction accuracy of the scene. The SFCWSAR data show that, compared with the conventional sparse autofocus algorithm, the proposed algorithm takes less memory and can reconstruct scenes with high accuracy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Radar Technology for Remote Sensing)
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16 pages, 5253 KiB  
Article
Versatile Electronics for Microwave Holographic RADAR Based on Software Defined Radio Technology
by Luca Bossi, Pierluigi Falorni and Lorenzo Capineri
Electronics 2022, 11(18), 2883; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11182883 - 12 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2563
Abstract
The NATO SPS G-5014 project has shown the possibility of using a holographic RADAR for the detection of anti-personnel mines. To use the RADAR on a robotic scanning system, it must be portable, light, easily integrated with mechanical handling systems and configurable in [...] Read more.
The NATO SPS G-5014 project has shown the possibility of using a holographic RADAR for the detection of anti-personnel mines. To use the RADAR on a robotic scanning system, it must be portable, light, easily integrated with mechanical handling systems and configurable in its operating parameters for optimal performance on different terrains. The novel contribution is to use software programmable electronics to optimize performance and to use a time reference to obtain synchronization between the RADAR samples and the position in space, in order to make it easy to integrate the RADAR on robotic platforms. To achieve these goals we used the Analog Devices “ADALM Pluto” device based on Software Defined Radio technology and a time server. We have obtained a portable system, configurable via software in all its operating parameters and easily integrated on robotic scanning platforms. The paper will show experiments performed on a simulated minefield. The electronics project reported in this work makes holographic RADARs portable and easily reconfigurable, therefore adaptable to different applications from subsurface soil investigations to applications in the field of non-destructive testings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Radar Technology for Remote Sensing)
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Review

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23 pages, 7551 KiB  
Review
UAS-Borne Radar for Remote Sensing: A Review
by Lapo Miccinesi, Alessandra Beni and Massimiliano Pieraccini
Electronics 2022, 11(20), 3324; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11203324 - 15 Oct 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2690
Abstract
Since the 1950s, radar sensors have been widely used for the monitoring of the earth’s surface. The current radars for remote sensing can be divided into two main categories: Space/aerial-borne and ground-based systems. The unmanned aerial system (UAS) could bridge the gap between [...] Read more.
Since the 1950s, radar sensors have been widely used for the monitoring of the earth’s surface. The current radars for remote sensing can be divided into two main categories: Space/aerial-borne and ground-based systems. The unmanned aerial system (UAS) could bridge the gap between these two technologies. Indeed, UAS-borne radars can perform long scans (up to 100/200 m) in a brief time (a few minutes). From the 2010s, the interest in UAS-borne radars has increased in the research community, and it has led to the development of some commercial equipment and more than 150 papers. This review aims to present a study on the state-of-the-art of UAS-borne radars and to outline the future potential of this technology. In this work, the scientific literature was categorized in terms of application, purpose of the paper, radar technology, and type of UAS. In addition, a brief review of the main national UAS regulations is presented. The review on the technological state-of-the-art shows that there is currently no standard in terms of radar technology, and that the multi-helicopter could be the most used UAS in the near future. Moreover, the UAS-borne radar can be used for several remote sensing applications: From landmine detection to smart agriculture, and from archeological survey to research and rescue applications. Finally, the UAS-borne radar appears to be a mature technology, which is almost ready for industrialization. The main developmental limit may be found in the flight regulation, which does not allow for many operations and imposes strict limits on the payload weight. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Radar Technology for Remote Sensing)
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Other

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13 pages, 29860 KiB  
Technical Note
An Image Denoising Method for Arc-Scanning SAR for Airport Runway Foreign Object Debris Detection
by Yuming Wang, Haifeng Huang, Jian Wang, Pengyu Wang and Qian Song
Electronics 2023, 12(4), 984; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12040984 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1165
Abstract
Arc-scanning synthetic aperture radar (AS-SAR) is an emerging technical means for detecting foreign object debris (FOD). Most FOD are small and appear as weak targets with a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in AS-SAR images. Therefore, image noise is a fundamental challenge in detecting [...] Read more.
Arc-scanning synthetic aperture radar (AS-SAR) is an emerging technical means for detecting foreign object debris (FOD). Most FOD are small and appear as weak targets with a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in AS-SAR images. Therefore, image noise is a fundamental challenge in detecting FOD on airport runways that leads to many false alarms. A weak scattering denoising method is proposed to aim at the noise caused by speckle and rough surface scattering. To enhance FOD detection, a transformation parameter concept is offered and adopted, which has different characteristics for the target and background. This paper estimates the transformation parameter through logarithms, normalization, and morphological erosion and optimizes them with edge-preserving filtering. The results show that despeckling and runway scattering suppression can be simultaneously implemented, and that field experiments validate the performance of this method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Radar Technology for Remote Sensing)
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