Advances in Electric Vehicle Technologies, Charging Methods, Standards and Optimization Techniques

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Electrical and Autonomous Vehicles".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 June 2023) | Viewed by 6345

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Hitachi Energy, San Jose, CA 95134, USA
Interests: smart grid; electricity market; electric vehicle in smart gird; optimization; game theory
GEIRI North America, SGCC, San Jose, CA 95134, USA
Interests: smart grids; EV charging networks; Internet of Things

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The world is facing pressure from global environmental concerns associated with climate change. The number and proportion of electric vehicles (EVs) have been rapidly increasing in recent years, with many countries and regions setting aggressive EV development goals of even 100%. The development of EVs not only has a positive effect on reducing fossil energy consumption and lowering carbon emissions, but also facilitates most countries in moving towards sustainable, reliable, efficient, economic, and green energy resources. However, we must note that as the number of EVs increases, problems such as shortages in charging stations, long charging time, low charging speed, low utilization of charging facilities, and low economy are gradually emerging. To ensure the momentum of EVs, the extensive construction and efficient utilization of EV charging facilities is necessary. This includes not only the EV technologies themselves but also the exploration of new charging methods and research into new charging technologies.

This Special Issue will address the latest technological developments in electric vehicle charging technology. The main topics of interest include (but are not limited to):

  • Integration of EV charging network with smart grids;
  • Impacts of EV charging networks;
  • Analysis of EV charging behaviors;
  • Optimal planning of EV charging;
  • Optimal charging strategies for EVs;
  • Fast charging technology (extreme fast charging, ultra-high-volume charging, ChaoJi, etc.);
  • EV with autonomous driving;
  • Cyber-physical systems in EV charging;
  • Integration of EV with intelligent transportation systems and smart cities;
  • Cyber security, privacy, and data management in EV charging;
  • Operation study of EV charging;
  • Smart charging;
  • Standardization of EV charging.

Dr. Longfei Wei
Dr. Xi Chen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • electric vehicles (EVs)
  • electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE)
  • electric vehicle charging network
  • fast charging technology (extreme fast charging, ultra-high-volume charging, ChaoJi, etc.)
  • autonomous driving
  • intelligent transportation systems and smart cities
  • transportation electrification

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 4795 KiB  
Article
Multi-Objective Optimization for Solar-Hydrogen-Battery-Integrated Electric Vehicle Charging Stations with Energy Exchange
by Lijia Duan, Zekun Guo, Gareth Taylor and Chun Sing Lai
Electronics 2023, 12(19), 4149; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12194149 - 05 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1073
Abstract
The importance of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) is increasing as electric vehicles (EV) become more widely used. EVCS with multiple low-carbon energy sources can promote sustainable energy development. This paper presents an optimization methodology for direct energy exchange between multi-geographic dispersed EVCSs [...] Read more.
The importance of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) is increasing as electric vehicles (EV) become more widely used. EVCS with multiple low-carbon energy sources can promote sustainable energy development. This paper presents an optimization methodology for direct energy exchange between multi-geographic dispersed EVCSs in London, UK. The charging stations (CSs) incorporate solar panels, hydrogen, battery energy storage systems, and grids to support their operations. EVs are used to allow the energy exchange of charging stations. The objective function of the solar-hydrogen-battery storage electric vehicle charging station (SHS-EVCS) includes the minimization of both capital and operation and maintenance (O&M) costs, as well as the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The system constraints encompass the power output limits of individual components and the need to maintain a power balance between the SHS-EVCSs and the EV charging demand. To evaluate and compare the proposed SHS-EVCSs, two multi-objective optimization algorithms, namely the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) and the Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Decomposition (MOEA/D), are employed. The findings indicate that NSGA-II outperforms MOEA/D in terms of achieving higher-quality solutions. During the optimization process, various factors are considered, including the sizing of solar panels and hydrogen storage tanks, the capacity of electric vehicle chargers, and the volume of energy exchanged between the two stations. The application of the optimized SHS-EVCSs results in substantial cost savings, thereby emphasizing the practical benefits of the proposed approach. Full article
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16 pages, 790 KiB  
Article
Allocation of Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles Considering Spatial Difference in Urban Land Price and Fixed Budget
by Dingtao Fu, Yongxiang Xia, Xiaowen Bi and Xuan Gu
Electronics 2023, 12(1), 190; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010190 - 30 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1435
Abstract
In this paper, the allocation of charging station (CS) is optimized to alleviate the “range anxiety” of electric vehicle (EV) drivers by reducing the time of medium-to-long distance travel, which is raised due to the potential en-route charging. The problem is defined to [...] Read more.
In this paper, the allocation of charging station (CS) is optimized to alleviate the “range anxiety” of electric vehicle (EV) drivers by reducing the time of medium-to-long distance travel, which is raised due to the potential en-route charging. The problem is defined to explicitly consider the spatial differences in urban land price. Although many works take spatial land price into consideration, few of them notice what the gap of spatial land price bring to the charging system. Our objective function is the expected traveling time under an optimized distribution of urban EV flows, and models of spatial network and CSs allocation are then established. Based on Tabu Search algorithm (TSA), a fixed budget charging resources planning algorithm (FBCRPA) is proposed. The proposed method is compared with methods based on betweeness centrality, and results show that our method can find more effective allocation strategy. It is found that users’ traveling time would decrease with increase in difference in land price. Meanwhile, budget would transfer from central region to other regions and carrying capacity of charging system would improve in the above situation. This paper also finds that increase in budget is beneficial to a reduction in drivers’ time, but the improvement is limited. Full article
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22 pages, 2812 KiB  
Article
Research on a Charging Mechanism of Electric Vehicles for Photovoltaic Nearby Consumption Strategy
by Qingsu He, Muqing Wu, Pei Sun, Jinglin Guo, Lina Chen, Lihua Jiang and Zhiwei Zhang
Electronics 2022, 11(20), 3407; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11203407 - 20 Oct 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1341
Abstract
With the promotion of the pilot development of distributed whole county roof photovoltaics in China, problems such as power consumption, energy regional balance, and grid stability have become prominent. In this paper, an application mode of electric vehicle (EV) charging network and distributed [...] Read more.
With the promotion of the pilot development of distributed whole county roof photovoltaics in China, problems such as power consumption, energy regional balance, and grid stability have become prominent. In this paper, an application mode of electric vehicle (EV) charging network and distributed photovoltaic power generation local consumption is studied. The management idea of two-layer and four model has been established, including the regional distributed photovoltaic output model, electricity consumption model, EV consumption model, and regional grid load dispatching model, which can realize the scheduling of the energy flow formed by photovoltaic, induce the charging of EVs, and make the photovoltaic consumption in office building areas and residential building areas complementary. Firstly, according to the randomness of photovoltaic power generation and EV charging, the dynamic response capability, power support capability, effective convergence time, system stability, system failure rate, and other characteristics of regional loads are comprehensively analyzed, and the grid energy management model of EV charging network and distributed photovoltaic is proposed. Secondly, according to certain statistical characteristics, the distributed photovoltaic will be concentrated, and EV charging will be prioritized to achieve nearby consumption. Finally, different scenarios are described, and the scenarios of charging in the park, community life, and power supply service are selected for analysis. This mode is intended to guide the consumption of new energy through economic leverage, which can realize the unified regulation of distributed energy convergence, consumption and storage. Full article
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18 pages, 1098 KiB  
Article
Booking Public Charging: User Preferences and Behavior towards Public Charging Infrastructure with a Reservation Option
by Michael Hardinghaus, John Erik Anderson, Claudia Nobis, Kerstin Stark and Galya Vladova
Electronics 2022, 11(16), 2476; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11162476 - 09 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1751
Abstract
Electric vehicles offer a means to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in passenger transport. The availability of reliable charging infrastructure is crucial for the successful uptake of electric vehicles in dense urban areas. In a pilot project in the city of Hamburg, Germany, public [...] Read more.
Electric vehicles offer a means to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in passenger transport. The availability of reliable charging infrastructure is crucial for the successful uptake of electric vehicles in dense urban areas. In a pilot project in the city of Hamburg, Germany, public charging infrastructure was equipped with a reservation option providing exclusive access for local residents and businesses. The present paper combines quantitative and qualitative methods to investigate the effects of the newly introduced neighborhood charging concept. We use a methodology combining a quantitative questionnaire survey and qualitative focus group discussions as well as analyses of charging infrastructure utilization data. Results show that inner-city charging and parking options are of key importance for (potential) users of electric vehicles. Hence, the neighborhood concept is rated very positively. Providing guaranteed charging and parking facilities is therefore likely to increase the stock of EVs. On the other hand, this could to a large extent lead to additional cars with consequential disadvantages. The study shows that openly accessible infrastructure is presently utilized much more intensely than the exclusive option. Consequentially, the concept evaluated should be part of an integrated approach managing parking and supporting efficient concepts like car sharing. Full article
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