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Electronics
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Antenna Design and Its Applications
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Antenna Design and Its Applications

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Microwave and Wireless Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 June 2024 | Viewed by 6176

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Xiongying Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
Interests: wearable antenna; implantable antenna; RFID; biomedical telemetry; flexible antenna; nonlinear system theory and application
Prof. Dr. Shaoqiu Xiao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
Interests: planar antenna and phased array; computational electromagnetics; microwave passive circuits; time reversal electromagnetics
Prof. Dr. Kai-Da Xu

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Interests: microwave; mm-wave and THz devices; antenna arrays
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yi Fan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electronic and Information, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China
Interests: reconfigurable antennas; implantable antennas; 5G MIMO antennas

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antennas, working as electronic eyes and mouth in wireless communications, can receive and transmit electromagnetic waves. They are widely used everywhere: in our homes and workplaces, in supermarkets and hospitals, on vehicles and aircraft, even on/in the human body. As innovative technologies make progress, novel antennas have been developed to be applied in emerging areas, such as body-centric wireless communications, wireless real-time health monitoring, and RFID-based IoTs.

The objective of this Special Issue is to report recent designs and applications of antennas, as well as highlight more study possibilities in this fascinating field of communications technology. Contributions are sought for, but not limited to, the following areas:

  • Antenna theory;
  • Antenna feeds and matching circuits;
  • Mutual coupling in antenna arrays;
  • Dielectric resonator antennas;
  • Microstrip antennas, arrays, and circuits;
  • Slotted and guided wave antennas;
  • Phased-array antennas;
  • Reflector and reflectarray antennas;
  • Electrically small antennas;
  • Broadband/ultra-wideband antennas;
  • Multi-band antennas;
  • Adaptive, active, and smart antennas;
  • Reconfigurable antennas and arrays;
  • Biomedical applications;
  • MIMO implementations and applications;
  • Mobile and PCS antennas;
  • RFID antennas and systems;
  • Ultra-wideband systems;
  • Vehicular antennas and electromagnetics;
  • Software-defined/cognitive radio;
  • On-chip antennas;
  • Wireless power transmission and harvesting;
  • 3D printed antennas and structures;
  • Millimeter-wave and sub-mm-wave antennas;
  • Terahertz, infrared, and optical antennas.

Prof. Dr. Xiongying Liu
Prof. Dr. Shaoqiu Xiao
Prof. Dr. Kai-Da Xu
Dr. Yi Fan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 3912 KiB  
Article
Frequency Diversity Arc Array with Angle-Distance Two-Dimensional Broadening Null Steering for Sidelobe Suppression
by Wei Xu, Ying Tian, Pingping Huang, Weixian Tan and Yaolong Qi
Electronics 2024, 13(9), 1640; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13091640 (registering DOI) - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
The frequency diversity arc array (FDAA) improves the structure of the traditional frequency diversity array (FDA) from a linear array structure to an arc array structure, so that the FDAA not only has the advantages of the FDA but also has a large [...] Read more.
The frequency diversity arc array (FDAA) improves the structure of the traditional frequency diversity array (FDA) from a linear array structure to an arc array structure, so that the FDAA not only has the advantages of the FDA but also has a large angle and omnidirectional scanning capability. However, when it is equivalent to a linear array, this arc-shaped structure will lead to the phenomenon of inverse density weighting, which leads to a higher sidelobe level of the FDAA beam pattern. In order to solve the problem of a high sidelobe level at a certain position of the FDAA, a frequency diversity arc array with angle-distance two-dimensional broadening null steering is proposed for sidelobe suppression. Using a structural model of the FDAA, the problem of the high sidelobe was analyzed. The linear constrained minimum variance (LCMV) method was used to generate a null with a certain width at the position of the fixed strong sidelobe level in the angle domain and the distance domain of the FDAA beam pattern, to reduce the FDAA sidelobe level. Then, the angle domain and distance domain fixed positions of the FDAA were simulated to generate the null beam pattern. The simulation results verified the effectiveness of this method for reducing the sidelobe level. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antenna Design and Its Applications)
20 pages, 22893 KiB  
Article
Dual-Band 2 × 1 Monopole Antenna Array and Its MIMO Configuration for WiMAX, Sub-6 GHz, and Sub-7 GHz Applications
by Sanaa Iriqat, Sibel Yenikaya and Mustafa Secmen
Electronics 2024, 13(8), 1502; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13081502 - 15 Apr 2024
Viewed by 294
Abstract
This study introduces a cost-effective monopole antenna array and its MIMO configuration. The single element consists of a rectangular patch monopole featuring five circular slots at the center, accompanied by two thin slots at the top, offering a wide bandwidth (2–7.62 GHz) and [...] Read more.
This study introduces a cost-effective monopole antenna array and its MIMO configuration. The single element consists of a rectangular patch monopole featuring five circular slots at the center, accompanied by two thin slots at the top, offering a wide bandwidth (2–7.62 GHz) and a peak gain of 3.8 dBi. For gain improvement, a 2 × 1 antenna array is demonstrated. This antenna array exhibits dual-band behavior; spans from 2 to 3.71 GHz and from 5.9 to 7.54 GHz; covers the 2.5 GHz band (2.3–2.7 GHz), a significant portion of the n78 band (3.3–3.71 GHz), and the n96 band (5.925–7.125 GHz); and is assigned to WiMAX, sub-6 GHz, and sub-7 GHz applications, respectively. The antenna array achieves a peak gain of 6.47 dBi. Lastly, a two-element MIMO configuration derived from the 2 × 1 array is designed. Implementing a defected ground structure (DGS) on the ground plane plays a crucial role in enhancing the isolation from 7 dB to 20 dB. The presented MIMO antenna covers the desired frequency bands of 2.5 GHz, n78, and n96 with a peak gain of 7.5 dBi and high radiation efficiency (<99%), which qualifies it for WiMAX, sub-6 GHz, and sub-7 GHz applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antenna Design and Its Applications)
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17 pages, 12998 KiB  
Article
Multipolar Photoconductive Antennas for THz Emission Driven by a Dual-Frequency Laser Based on Transverse Modes
by Alaeddine Abbes, Annick Pénarier, Philippe Nouvel, Arnaud Garnache and Stéphane Blin
Electronics 2023, 12(22), 4679; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12224679 - 17 Nov 2023
Viewed by 760
Abstract
Continuous-wave tunable photonics-based THz sources present limited output power due to the restricted input optical power accepted by photomixers, along with reduced radiation resulting from low paraxial field amplitude. Here, we investigate multipolar antenna designs to increase the available continuous-wave THz output power [...] Read more.
Continuous-wave tunable photonics-based THz sources present limited output power due to the restricted input optical power accepted by photomixers, along with reduced radiation resulting from low paraxial field amplitude. Here, we investigate multipolar antenna designs to increase the available continuous-wave THz output power by incorporating more photomixers. For this purpose, the spatial structures of the optical and THz E-fields are designed to enhance THz power and radiation in the far field. Simulations of 2 to 4 dipole antennas are conducted, demonstrating an improvement in antenna gain compared to standard dipole antennas. This is in addition to a potential increase in THz power and radiation for photomixing applications. Such work also paves the way for functionalizing the spatial structure of THz light for advanced applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antenna Design and Its Applications)
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9 pages, 4004 KiB  
Communication
A Novel Unit Classification Method for Fast and Accurate Calculation of Radiation Patterns
by Hao Zhou, Jiren Li and Kun Wei
Electronics 2023, 12(16), 3512; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12163512 - 19 Aug 2023
Viewed by 814
Abstract
This paper proposes a novel unit classification technique to enhance the accuracy of the conventional pattern multiplication method by taking the mutual coupling effect and edge effect into consideration. The proposed technique classifies antenna elements into different groups based on their positions in [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a novel unit classification technique to enhance the accuracy of the conventional pattern multiplication method by taking the mutual coupling effect and edge effect into consideration. The proposed technique classifies antenna elements into different groups based on their positions in arrays, specifically corner, edge, and inner groups. By simulating the radiation patterns of antenna elements with different boundary conditions, the pattern multiplication method is then used to calculate the radiation pattern of the antenna array based on the simulated results. Several numerical examples, including a square array, a hexagonal array, and a phased array, are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method not only reduces the computational time and memory usage but also significantly improves the accuracy. The proposed method provides a powerful tool for synthesizing and predicting the radiation pattern of array antennas and offers new avenues for optimizing array antennas and phased array antennas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antenna Design and Its Applications)
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20 pages, 7031 KiB  
Article
Bifocal Dual Reflectarray with Curved Main Surface
by Antonio Pino, Yolanda Rodriguez-Vaqueiro, Eduardo Martinez-de-Rioja, Daniel Martinez-de-Rioja, Borja González-Valdés, Marcos Arias, Oscar Rubiños, José Antonio Encinar and Giovanni Toso
Electronics 2023, 12(12), 2619; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12122619 - 10 Jun 2023
Viewed by 746
Abstract
This paper presents a novel approach to synthesizing curved reflectarrays using Geometrical Optics (GO). It introduces the concepts of virtual normal and path length shift, which enable a vector-based formulation of the problem that can be solved using ray tracing techniques. The formulation [...] Read more.
This paper presents a novel approach to synthesizing curved reflectarrays using Geometrical Optics (GO). It introduces the concepts of virtual normal and path length shift, which enable a vector-based formulation of the problem that can be solved using ray tracing techniques. The formulation is applied for the design of two different versions of a Dual Bifocal Reflectarray with a parabolic main surface and a flat subreflectarray. The first version aims to enhance the performance of the multibeam antenna by providing a focal ring located at the feed cluster plane. The second version focuses on improving the scanning characteristics of the antenna in the horizontal plane by incorporating two foci. The synthesis procedure yields samples of the path length shift or its derivatives. To reconstruct the phase distribution, an interpolation scheme is employed and described in this paper. Numerical results are presented for both the focal-ring and two-foci configurations, demonstrating the feasibility of this solution for multibeam or scanning satellite antennas operating in the Ka. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antenna Design and Its Applications)
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15 pages, 5163 KiB  
Article
Beampattern Synthesis and Optimization for Frequency Diverse Arc Array Based on the Virtual Element
by Wei Xu, Zhuo Deng, Pingping Huang, Weixian Tan and Zhiqi Gao
Electronics 2023, 12(10), 2231; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12102231 - 14 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1029
Abstract
With its special, arch-shaped array structure, a frequency diverse arc array (FDAA) can perform beam scanning in 360 degrees in azimuth and in arbitrary ranges by selectively activating array elements in different positions, utilizing array element phase compensation, and adopting a frequency offset [...] Read more.
With its special, arch-shaped array structure, a frequency diverse arc array (FDAA) can perform beam scanning in 360 degrees in azimuth and in arbitrary ranges by selectively activating array elements in different positions, utilizing array element phase compensation, and adopting a frequency offset design. In this paper, a beampattern synthesis and optimization method for FDDA using the virtual array element based on the geometric configuration of FDDA is proposed. First, the position of the virtual array element is determined by the direction of the target, and then activated array elements are selected. Afterwards, the frequency offset of each array element is set up on the equiphase surface to obtain the dot-shaped beampattern. Finally, amplitude weighting is introduced to suppress the increased sidelobe level of the dot-shaped beampattern, which is caused by inverse density weighting of the arch-shaped array structure. Simulation results validate the proposed method for beampattern synthesis and optimization in FDAA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antenna Design and Its Applications)
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13 pages, 2639 KiB  
Article
Data-Driven Surrogate-Assisted Optimization of Metamaterial-Based Filtenna Using Deep Learning
by Peyman Mahouti, Aysu Belen, Ozlem Tari, Mehmet Ali Belen, Serdal Karahan and Slawomir Koziel
Electronics 2023, 12(7), 1584; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12071584 - 28 Mar 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1663
Abstract
In this work, a computationally efficient method based on data-driven surrogate models is proposed for the design optimization procedure of a Frequency Selective Surface (FSS)-based filtering antenna (Filtenna). A Filtenna acts as a module that simultaneously pre-filters unwanted signals, and enhances the desired [...] Read more.
In this work, a computationally efficient method based on data-driven surrogate models is proposed for the design optimization procedure of a Frequency Selective Surface (FSS)-based filtering antenna (Filtenna). A Filtenna acts as a module that simultaneously pre-filters unwanted signals, and enhances the desired signals at the operating frequency. However, due to a typically large number of design variables of FSS unit elements, and their complex interrelations affecting the scattering response, FSS optimization is a challenging task. Herein, a deep-learning-based algorithm, Modified-Multi-Layer-Perceptron (M2LP), is developed to render an accurate behavioral model of the unit cell. Subsequently, the M2LP model is applied to optimize FSS elements being parts of the Filtenna under design. The exemplary device operates at 5 GHz to 7 GHz band. The numerical results demonstrate that the presented approach allows for an almost 90% reduction of the computational cost of the optimization process as compared to direct EM-driven design. At the same time, physical measurements of the fabricated Filtenna prototype corroborate the relevance of the proposed methodology. One of the important advantages of our technique is that the unit cell model can be re-used to design FSS and Filtenna operating various operating bands without incurring any extra computational expenses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antenna Design and Its Applications)
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