Algae Biodiversity: Natural and Anthropogenic Impacts

A special issue of Diversity (ISSN 1424-2818). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Diversity".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 8464

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Health, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
Interests: biodiversity; euglenoids; freshwater ecology; phenotypic plasticity; phycology; phytoplankton; trachelomonad lorica morphology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Phytoplankton is a diverse group of the autotrophic components of the plankton community, which plays a key role in ocean and freshwater ecosystems. It is the base of several aquatic food webs and in a balanced ecosystem provides food for a wide range of organisms. Phytoplankton can vary from prokaryotic cyanobacteria, through plant-like algae, to armor-plated diatoms, dinoflagellates, or marine coccolithophores. These mostly unicellular, seemingly uncomplicated organisms are still a source of new information about their toxicity, prey "hunting" methods, and invasiveness. Crypto-diversity within the species is also an interesting phenomenon.

These organisms inhabit the upper sunlit layer of almost all freshwater bodies and oceans on Earth. Phytoplankton, like terrestrial plants, is exposed to seasonal variation and has markedly faster turnover rates than plants. Hence, phytoplankton responds rapidly on a global scale to natural environmental dynamics and human-made impacts. Moreover, many representatives of phytoplankton, whether single species or even whole genera, are indicatory organisms of changes that occur in fresh and marine waters. These changes mainly manifest in changes in the trophic status of aquatic ecosystems and the ecological state of waters. Especially in this rapidly changing world, natural impacts such as climate change and ocean acidification as well as anthropogenic effects such as fisheries or industrial pollution may result in damages to aquatic food web structure and even phenology, including trophic interactions between phytoplankton, zooplankton, and related communities. Therefore, it is critically important to understand how phytoplankton communities are affected by those impacts in order to take better care of them.

In this Special Issue, we look forward to articles that address phytoplankton biodiversity, both marine and freshwater. We very much welcome papers dealing with changes in phytoplankton as a whole community, but also with individual groups of phytoplankton, as well as papers that demonstrate the connection between the effects of natural and anthropogenic causes on phytoplankton manifesting in the form of changes in the phenotype and genotype of species.

Dr. Małgorzata Poniewozik
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • anthropogenic impacts
  • biodiversity
  • climate change
  • indicator species
  • phenotypic plasticity
  • phylogenetic analyses
  • phytoplankton
  • taxonomy
  • temporal and spatial distribution of phytoplankton

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 3325 KiB  
Article
Fragilaria shirshovii sp. nov.—A New Species of Araphid Diatoms (Bacillariophyta, Fragilariophyceae) from the Gulf of Ob (Kara Sea, Arctic)
by Nikolay V. Lobus, Anton M. Glushchenko, Sergei I. Genkal, Yevhen I. Maltsev and Maxim S. Kulikovskiy
Diversity 2023, 15(8), 916; https://doi.org/10.3390/d15080916 - 07 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1220
Abstract
A new species, Fragilaria shirshovii sp. nov., is described on the basis of molecular and morphological investigations. Cells were isolated from the surface levels of desalinated water masses in the zone of mixing river and marine waters in the Gulf of Ob. The [...] Read more.
A new species, Fragilaria shirshovii sp. nov., is described on the basis of molecular and morphological investigations. Cells were isolated from the surface levels of desalinated water masses in the zone of mixing river and marine waters in the Gulf of Ob. The morphology of this species is analyzed with light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The valves of F. shirshovii sp. nov. are fusiform to almost linear. The frustules are linked together in the central part, forming double comb-shaped colonies. The axial area is narrow and linear, with a distinct rounded or rectangular fascia in the center. Ghost striae are present on the central area. Areolae are not discernible in LM. Apical pore fields are composed of small pores and closed papillary outgrowths. The lips of the rimoportula are well pronounced and the striae are uniseriate. Phylogenetic analysis based on partials 18S rRNA and rbcL genes infers the species F. shirshovii sp. nov. as a member of Fragilariaceae. The species most resembling F. shirshovii sp. nov. are F. crotonensis, F. pararumpens, F. bidens and F. perminuta. The differences between F. shirshovii sp. nov. and close taxa are discussed. This work is a pioneer investigation of Fragilariaceae taxa from the freshwater ecosystems of the Siberian Arctic using a combination of morphological and molecular tools. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Algae Biodiversity: Natural and Anthropogenic Impacts)
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24 pages, 2840 KiB  
Article
An Annotated Checklist of Algae from the Order Synurales (Chrysophyceae) of Viet Nam
by Evgeniy Gusev, Nikita Martynenko, Nataliya Shkurina, Phan Trong Huan, Tran Duc Dien and Nguyen Thi Hai Thanh
Diversity 2023, 15(2), 183; https://doi.org/10.3390/d15020183 - 28 Jan 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1335
Abstract
This paper presents an annotated list of the Mallomonas and Synura taxa (order Synurales, class Chrysophyceae) found in Viet Nam. This list is based on materials from long-term studies (from 2008 to 2020) of 371 freshwater localities in 18 provinces in the country. [...] Read more.
This paper presents an annotated list of the Mallomonas and Synura taxa (order Synurales, class Chrysophyceae) found in Viet Nam. This list is based on materials from long-term studies (from 2008 to 2020) of 371 freshwater localities in 18 provinces in the country. A total of 67 taxa (morphotypes) of the genus Mallomonas and 7 of the genus Synura were reported. For each species, the range of abiotic environmental parameters under which they were found is given, as well as comments on the distribution of these taxa within Viet Nam and the tropical region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Algae Biodiversity: Natural and Anthropogenic Impacts)
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21 pages, 17274 KiB  
Article
Community Structure and Abiotic Characteristics of Pelagic Microalgal in Adjacent Areas of the Barents Sea and Kara Sea
by Pavel R. Makarevich, Viktor V. Larionov, Veronika V. Vodopianova, Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya and Tatiana G. Ishkulova
Diversity 2023, 15(2), 137; https://doi.org/10.3390/d15020137 - 19 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1474
Abstract
This study aimed to confirm the hypothesis of a floristic identity between the southeastern Barents Sea and the southwestern Kara Sea. We conducted integrated studies of pelagic microalgae communities including microscope cell counting and taxonomical identification as well as photosynthetic pigments determination and [...] Read more.
This study aimed to confirm the hypothesis of a floristic identity between the southeastern Barents Sea and the southwestern Kara Sea. We conducted integrated studies of pelagic microalgae communities including microscope cell counting and taxonomical identification as well as photosynthetic pigments determination and defining of hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics during a cruise in late August and the first half of September 2020. As far as we are concerned, no such observations had been carried out in this region at this time of the year before. During our observations, 35 species were identified, 14 (40%) of which were present in both water bodies. The communities of both regions were in a state corresponding to the autumn stage of the annual succession cycle. In the southeastern Barents Sea, the mean abundance of organisms in the water column varied from 10.650 to 41.840 cells per liter with a biomass of 71.04 to 300.55 µg/L. In the southwestern Kara Sea, these values were 3.510–28.420 cell/L and 16.31–66.96 µg/L, respectively. In general, the results of a comparative analysis suggest that the pelagic algal communities in the regions under comparison, despite the difference in hydrological parameters, demonstrate similar qualitative and quantitative characteristics and thus may belong to the same phytogeographic region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Algae Biodiversity: Natural and Anthropogenic Impacts)
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18 pages, 4200 KiB  
Article
Species Diversity of Gelidium from Southern Madagascar Evaluated by an Integrative Taxonomic Approach
by Ga Hun Boo, Line Le Gall, Il Ki Hwang, Florence Rousseau and Hwan Su Yoon
Diversity 2022, 14(10), 826; https://doi.org/10.3390/d14100826 - 01 Oct 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2052
Abstract
The diversity of red algae is significantly increasing; in the recent interest of climate changes, taxonomic and biogeographic studies are needed in untouched regions such as ecological important islands. We examined a collection of Gelidium specimens gathered during the 2010 Atimo Vatae expedition [...] Read more.
The diversity of red algae is significantly increasing; in the recent interest of climate changes, taxonomic and biogeographic studies are needed in untouched regions such as ecological important islands. We examined a collection of Gelidium specimens gathered during the 2010 Atimo Vatae expedition based on the morphology and DNA sequencing of mitochondrial cox1 and plastid rbcL. Both morphological and molecular datasets demonstrated the presence of three species in Madagascar; G. leptum G.H.Boo, L.Le Gall and H.S.Yoon, sp. nov., described here, and G. sclerophyllum W.R.Taylor and G. usmanghanii Afaq-Husain and Shameel. Gelidium leptum is distinguished by thin, slender, flattened thalli with irregular branches, compactly arranged thick-walled cells in medulla, sparse rhizoidal filaments at both sides of branches, and elongate sori of tetrasporangia. Gelidium sclerophyllum, previously considered as endemic to the Tropical Eastern Pacific, is first reported in the Indian Ocean and Hawai’i; G. usmanghanii, previously reported to occur in Pakistan and Oman, also presents a first record in the Southern Hemisphere. Phylogenies inferred from cox1 and rbcL sequences suggests that each of the three species likely diverged from different ancestors. The Madagascan Gelidium comprises two geographical elements; Madagascan endemic (G. leptum) and widespread species (G. sclerophyllum and G. usmanghanii). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Algae Biodiversity: Natural and Anthropogenic Impacts)
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15 pages, 10143 KiB  
Article
Diversity of Silica-Scaled Chrysophytes (Stramenopiles: Chrysophyceae) from Indonesian Papua
by Evgeniy Gusev, Dmitry Kapustin, Nikita Martynenko and Maxim Kulikovskiy
Diversity 2022, 14(9), 726; https://doi.org/10.3390/d14090726 - 02 Sep 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1238
Abstract
The silica-scaled chrysophyte flora from Indonesian Papua was investigated by means of electron microscopy. A total of twenty-four taxa were recorded, including five belonging to Paraphysomonas, one to Chrysosphaerella, one to Spiniferomonas, fifteen to Mallomonas and two to Synura. [...] Read more.
The silica-scaled chrysophyte flora from Indonesian Papua was investigated by means of electron microscopy. A total of twenty-four taxa were recorded, including five belonging to Paraphysomonas, one to Chrysosphaerella, one to Spiniferomonas, fifteen to Mallomonas and two to Synura. Thirteen taxa were recorded for the first time in Indonesia. Comparison of the species composition of silica-scaled chrysophytes from different parts of the Island of New Guinea shows significant differences. A “living fossil” was discovered, Mallomonas preisigii, which was described previously from Eocene deposits in Northern Canada. Although the scales from Papua slightly differ from those of the fossil one, we believe they belong to the same morphospecies. Mallomonas preisigii can be considered as a paleoendemic species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Algae Biodiversity: Natural and Anthropogenic Impacts)
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