Paleoecology, Diversity, Taphonomy, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Paleozoic Fishes

A special issue of Diversity (ISSN 1424-2818). This special issue belongs to the section "Phylogeny and Evolution".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2024 | Viewed by 55820

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lake Campus, Wright State University, Celina, OH 45822-2921, USA
Interests: fossils; phylogeny; palaeoecology; vertebrate paleontology; ecology and evolution; macroevolution; morphometrics; functional morphology; morphological analysis

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Guest Editor
Department of Vertebrate Paleontology, Cincinnati Museum Center, Cincinnati, OH 45203, USA
Interests: stratigraphy; sedimentology; sequence stratigraphy; sedimentary basins; marine geology; field geology; geological mapping; sediments; palaeoecology; quaternary geology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fish taxa, which contain all aquatic, non-tetrapod vertebrates, have had a major impact on the emergence and evolution of organisms and ecosystems across the vast majority of the Phanerozoic Eon. The first true craniate organism that could reasonably be called a fish (in a non-cladistic sense) appeared during the first period of the Paleozoic Era. This first appearance was rapidly followed by an evolutionary expansion that led to the wide diversity of extant and extinct fish groups by the end of the Paleozoic Era. Fishes are the most numerous and most diverse of all vertebrate groups. The evolution of fishes has given rise to anatomical features present in modern tetrapods. Furthermore, the rise and fall of specific groups and the ecosystems to which they belonged formed a part of many of the major ecological crises of the Paleozoic. Many fish taxa serve as model organisms today, and the relationship humans have to the fishes in general is likely as long-standing as the relationship of humans to aquatic environments themselves.

In this Special Issue, we will take an opportunity to highlight and promote new research into the fossil record of Paleozoic fish taxa. We think that it is important to examine fishes as a group as well as individual taxa from the perspectives of their paleo-ecology, their diversity across time and space, the taphonomy of well preserved konservat lagerstatten or high volume deposits (bone beds), their relationships to one another, as well as their evolution in both the narrow and broad sense. We invite manuscripts that focus on these issues with the goal of creating a platform from which future research can build upon and advance our knowledge of these topics as they apply to such fundamentally significant vertebrates.

Prof. Dr. Charles Ciampaglio
Dr. Ryan C. Shell
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Agnatha
  • Placoderm
  • Thelodont
  • Holocephali
  • Elasmobranchii
  • Chondrichthyes
  • Osteichthyes
  • Actinopterygii
  • Sarcopterygii
  • Bone bed
  • Lagerstatte

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

40 pages, 24403 KiB  
Article
Structure, Growth and Histology of Gnathal Elements in Dunkleosteus (Arthrodira, Placodermi), with a Description of a New Species from the Famennian (Upper Devonian) of the Tver Region (North-Western Russia)
by Oleg A. Lebedev, Russell K. Engelman, Pavel P. Skutschas, Zerina Johanson, Moya M. Smith, Veniamin V. Kolchanov, Kate Trinajstic and Valeriy V. Linkevich
Diversity 2023, 15(5), 648; https://doi.org/10.3390/d15050648 - 10 May 2023
Viewed by 3949
Abstract
A new species of Dunkleosteus, D. tuderensis sp. nov., is named based on an infragnathal from the Famennian of the Tver Region, Russia. CT scanning of the holotype revealed two high-density bony constituents comparable in position and interrelations to components described for [...] Read more.
A new species of Dunkleosteus, D. tuderensis sp. nov., is named based on an infragnathal from the Famennian of the Tver Region, Russia. CT scanning of the holotype revealed two high-density bony constituents comparable in position and interrelations to components described for coccosteomorph arthrodires, supported by the presence of at least two clusters of large vascular canals marking separate arterial supplies. Coccosteomorph and dunkleosteid pachyosteomorphs exhibit similar growth patterns including labio-basal depositions of vascularized bone in the infragnathals and basally in the supragnathals. In contrast to coccosteomorphs, dunkleosteid reinforcement of the occlusal margins occurred via the formation of dense osteonal bone, in parallel with resorption forming extensive lingual fossae. Active bone remodeling proceeded without a complete reworking of the primary osteonal bone structure and the original arrangement of vascular canals. Due to inconsistent anatomical terminology in gnathal elements of dunkleosteid arthrodires, a revised terminology is suggested and new terms are introduced. Full article
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54 pages, 7887 KiB  
Article
A Devonian Fish Tale: A New Method of Body Length Estimation Suggests Much Smaller Sizes for Dunkleosteus terrelli (Placodermi: Arthrodira)
by Russell K. Engelman
Diversity 2023, 15(3), 318; https://doi.org/10.3390/d15030318 - 21 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 50394
Abstract
Dunkleosteus terrelli, an arthrodire placoderm, is one of the most widely recognized fossil vertebrates due to its large size and status as one of the earliest vertebrate apex predators. However, the exact size of this taxon is unclear due to its head [...] Read more.
Dunkleosteus terrelli, an arthrodire placoderm, is one of the most widely recognized fossil vertebrates due to its large size and status as one of the earliest vertebrate apex predators. However, the exact size of this taxon is unclear due to its head and thoracic armor being the only elements of its body regularly preserved in the fossil record. Lengths of 5–10 m are commonly cited, but these estimates are not based on rigorous statistical analysis. Here, I estimate the body size of D. terrelli using a new metric, orbit-opercular length, and a large dataset of arthrodires and extant fishes (3169 observations, 972 species). Orbit-opercular length strongly correlates with total length in fishes (r2 = 0.947, PEcf = 17.55%), and accurately predicts body size in arthrodires known from complete remains. Applying this method to Dunkleosteus terrelli results in much smaller sizes than previous studies: 3.4 m for typical adults (CMNH 5768) with the largest known individuals (CMNH 5936) reaching ~4.1 m. Arthrodires have a short, deep, and cylindrical body plan, distinctly different from either actinopterygians or elasmobranchs. Large arthrodires (Dunkleosteus, Titanichthys) were much smaller than previously thought and vertebrates likely did not reach sizes of 5 m or greater until the Carboniferous. Full article
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