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Diagnostics
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Monitoring and Diagnosis of Patients during Rehabilitation Training
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Monitoring and Diagnosis of Patients during Rehabilitation Training

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2024 | Viewed by 8818

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Redha Taiar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physical Education and Sports (EPS), University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
Interests: biomechanics of health disease and rehabilitation; industry engineering for medicine and high-level sport
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

The purpose of this special issue is to specify the principles methods used and aimed to diagnosis and improve human behavior. Today, monitoring and diagnosis of patients during the rehabilitation training are important permitting to explore, understand and optimize biological problems. Our objective is to summarize the most important methods influencing human rehabilitation performance related to the health sciences for all age groups, throughout their lives. In this special issue, we encourage papers to aim to promote the latest researches in the fields of Health, quality of life improvement, sport rehabilitation and to summarize the betters recommendations. Help to prevent functional decline and frailty following a Life Course Perspective Approach through the utilization of the latest research applied to health in general and their applications targeted to all stages of life aimed at the prevention, improve performance, and management of diseases. Modelling, simulation, quantification, and Computing of the musculoskeletal system permit to quantify and improve the discriminate parameters characterizing movement in different cases such as patient's daily lives. The aim is to effectively combine and coordinate research and results in order to understand and improve human movement in medicine.

Prof. Dr. Redha Taiar
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • human behavior
  • musculoskeletal disorders
  • injury
  • rehabilitation
  • healthcare
  • wearable technologies
  • augmented human
  • biological problems
  • quality of life
  • sport science
  • sport medicine

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 1332 KiB  
Article
Quadriceps Strength, Postural Stability, and Pain Mediation in Bilateral Knee Osteoarthritis: A Comparative Analysis with Healthy Controls
by Mastour Saeed Alshahrani and Ravi Shankar Reddy
Diagnostics 2023, 13(19), 3110; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13193110 - 01 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1074
Abstract
Bilateral knee osteoarthritis (OA) poses significant challenges to individuals’ functional abilities, including quadriceps strength, postural stability, and pain perception. Understanding the complex relationships among these factors is crucial for enhancing knee OA management strategies. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate [...] Read more.
Bilateral knee osteoarthritis (OA) poses significant challenges to individuals’ functional abilities, including quadriceps strength, postural stability, and pain perception. Understanding the complex relationships among these factors is crucial for enhancing knee OA management strategies. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate and draw comparisons between the strength of the quadriceps and the level of postural stability in two distinct groups: individuals afflicted with bilateral knee OA and those who are healthy. Furthermore, the study seeks to examine the potential correlation between the strength of the quadriceps and the level of postural stability in individuals with knee OA. In addition to this, an investigation into the potential mediating effect of pain on the relationship between these physiological factors will also be conducted. A total of 95 participants with bilateral knee OA and 95 healthy controls were recruited. Quadriceps strength was assessed using dynamometry and postural stability was evaluated through anterior–posterior and medial–lateral sway measurements along with the ellipse area using a force plate. Pain levels were measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Mediation analysis was employed to explore the role of pain in mediating the relationship between quadriceps strength and postural stability. Statistical analyses included t-tests, Pearson correlation coefficients, and mediation analysis. Knee OA participants exhibited significantly lower quadriceps strength (1.08 Nm/kg ± 0.54) compared to controls (1.54 Nm/kg ± 0.57, p < 0.001). They also demonstrated compromised postural stability with increased anterior–posterior sway (9.86 mm ± 3.017 vs. 2.98 mm ± 1.12, p < 0.001), medial–lateral sway (7.87 mm ± 2.23 vs. 3.12 mm ± 1.34, p < 0.001), and larger ellipse area (935.75 mm2 ± 172.56 vs. 436.19 mm2 ± 135.48, p < 0.001). Negative correlations were observed between quadriceps strength and postural stability variables (r = from −0.43 to −0.51, p < 0.001). Pain significantly mediated the relationship between quadriceps strength and postural stability variables (p < 0.05). This study highlights the associations between quadriceps strength, postural stability, and pain mediation in individuals with bilateral knee OA. Our findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions addressing quadriceps weakness and compromised postural stability. Additionally, the mediation effect of pain underscores the complexity of these relationships, offering insights for more effective management strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Diagnosis of Patients during Rehabilitation Training)
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12 pages, 2941 KiB  
Article
Post-Operative Modified All-Inside ACL Reconstruction Technique’s Clinical Outcomes and Isokinetic Strength Assessments
by Ahmet Serhat Genç, Nizamettin Güzel, Ali Kerim Yılmaz, Egemen Ermiş, Mine Pekesen Kurtça, Anıl Agar, Kubilay Uğurcan Ceritoğlu, Yavuz Yasul, İsmail Eseoğlu and Lokman Kehribar
Diagnostics 2023, 13(17), 2787; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13172787 - 29 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 908
Abstract
Background and Objective: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are very common among the athletic population. ACL reconstruction (ACLR) performed because of these injuries is one of the procedures performed by orthopedic surgeons using different grafting methods. This study aims to compare the data [...] Read more.
Background and Objective: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are very common among the athletic population. ACL reconstruction (ACLR) performed because of these injuries is one of the procedures performed by orthopedic surgeons using different grafting methods. This study aims to compare the data related to post-operative 6-month isokinetic strength values, strength-related asymmetry rates, time parameters, and joint angle in athletes who underwent ACLR with the Modified All-inside (4ST) technique, on both the healthy knee (HK) and the ACLR-applied sides. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 athletes from various sports on whom the 4ST ACLR technique had been applied by the same surgeon were evaluated retrospectively. Lysholm, Tegner, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores of the patients were obtained pre-operative and at 6 months post-operative. Isokinetic knee extension (Ex) and flexion (Flx) strengths on the HK and ACLR sides of the patients were evaluated with a series of four different angular velocities (60, 180, 240, and 300°/s). In addition to peak torque (PT) and hamstring/quadriceps ratio (H/Q) parameters, the findings were also evaluated with additional parameters such as joint angle at peak torque (JAPT), time to peak torque (TPT), reciprocal delay (RD), and endurance ratio (ER). Results: There was a significant improvement in the mean Lysholm, Tegner, and IKDC scores after surgery compared with pre-operative levels (p < 0.05). As for PT values, there were significant differences in favor of the HK in the 60, 180, and 300°/s Ex phases (p < 0.05). In terms of the H/Q and (hamstring/hamstring)/(quadriceps/quadriceps) (HH/QQ) ratios, there were significant differences at 300°/s (p < 0.05). In terms of JAPT, there were significant differences in the 300°/s Ex and 180°/s Flx phases (p < 0.05). In terms of TPT, there were significant differences in the 300°/s Ex phase (p < 0.05). In terms of RD and ER, no significant difference was observed between the HK and ACLR sides at any angular velocity. Conclusions: Although differences were observed in PT values, particularly in the Ex phase, this did not cause a significant change in H/Q ratios. Similar results were observed for additional parameters such as JAPT, TPT, RD, and ER. The results show that this ACLR technique can be used in athletes in view of strength gain and a return to sports. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Diagnosis of Patients during Rehabilitation Training)
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14 pages, 1939 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Fast-Track Pathway in Hip and Knee Replacement Surgery by Propensity Score Matching on Patient-Reported Outcomes
by Andrea Campagner, Frida Milella, Stefania Guida, Susan Bernareggi, Giuseppe Banfi and Federico Cabitza
Diagnostics 2023, 13(6), 1189; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13061189 - 21 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1403
Abstract
Total hip (THA) and total knee (TKA) arthroplasty procedures have steadily increased over the past few decades, and their use is expected to grow further, mainly due to an increasing number of elderly patients. Cost-containment strategies, supporting a rapid recovery with a positive [...] Read more.
Total hip (THA) and total knee (TKA) arthroplasty procedures have steadily increased over the past few decades, and their use is expected to grow further, mainly due to an increasing number of elderly patients. Cost-containment strategies, supporting a rapid recovery with a positive functional outcomes, high patient satisfaction, and enhanced patient reported outcomes, are needed. A Fast Track surgical procedure (FT) is a coordinated perioperative approach aimed at expediting early mobilization and recovery following surgery and, accordingly, shortening the length of hospital stay (LOS), convalescence and costs. In this view, rapid rehabilitation surgery optimizes traditional rehabilitation methods by integrating evidence-based practices into the procedure. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of Fast Track versus Care-as-Usual surgical procedures and pathways (including rehabilitation) on a mid-term patient-reported outcome (PROs), the SF12 (with regard both to Physical and Mental Scores), 3 months after hip or knee replacement surgery, with the use of Propensity score-matching (PSM) analysis to address the issue of the comparability of the groups in a non-randomized study. We were interested in the evaluation of the entire pathways, including the postoperative rehabilitation stage, therefore, we only used early home discharge as a surrogate to differentiate between the Fast Track and Care-as-Usual rehabilitation pathways. Our study shows that the entire Fast Track pathway, which includes the post-operative rehabilitation stage, has a significantly positive impact on physical health-related status (SF12 Physical Scores), as perceived by patients 3 months after hip or knee replacement surgery, as opposed to the standardized program, both in terms of the PROs score and the relative improvements observed, as compared with the minimum clinically important difference. This result encourages additional research into the effects of Fast Track rehabilitation on the entire process of care for patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty, focusing only on patient-reported outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Diagnosis of Patients during Rehabilitation Training)
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11 pages, 2939 KiB  
Article
Clinical and Technical Validation of Novel Bite Force Measuring Device for Functional Analysis after Mandibular Reconstruction
by Claudius Steffen, Katharina Duda, Dag Wulsten, Jan O. Voss, Steffen Koerdt, Susanne Nahles, Max Heiland, Sara Checa and Carsten Rendenbach
Diagnostics 2023, 13(4), 586; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13040586 - 05 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1594
Abstract
Bite force measuring devices that are generally suitable for edentulous patients or patients undergoing mandibular reconstruction are missing. This study assesses the validity of a new bite force measuring device (prototype of loadpad®, novel GmbH) and evaluates its feasibility in patients [...] Read more.
Bite force measuring devices that are generally suitable for edentulous patients or patients undergoing mandibular reconstruction are missing. This study assesses the validity of a new bite force measuring device (prototype of loadpad®, novel GmbH) and evaluates its feasibility in patients after segmental mandibular resection. Accuracy and reproducibility were analyzed with two different protocols using a universal testing machine (Z010 AllroundLine, Zwick/Roell, Ulm, Germany). Four groups were tested to evaluate the impact of silicone layers around the sensor: no silicone (“pure”), 2.0 mm soft silicone (“2-soft”), 7.0 mm soft silicone (“7-soft”) and 2.0 mm hard silicone (“2-hard”). Thereafter, the device was tested in 10 patients prospectively who underwent mandibular reconstruction using a fibula free flap. Average relative deviations of the measured force in relation to the applied load reached 0.77% (“7-soft”) to 5.28% (“2-hard”). Repeated measurements in “2-soft” revealed a mean relative deviation of 2.5% until an applied load of 600 N. Maximum bite force decreased postoperatively by 51.8% to a maximum mean bite force of 131.5 N. The novel device guarantees a high accuracy and degree of reproducibility. Furthermore, it offers new opportunities to quantify perioperative oral function after reconstructive surgery of the mandible also in edentulous patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Diagnosis of Patients during Rehabilitation Training)
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12 pages, 2093 KiB  
Article
Efficacy of Hip Strengthening on Pain Intensity, Disability, and Strength in Musculoskeletal Conditions of the Trunk and Lower Limbs: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Grade Recommendations
by Angélica de F. Silva, Laísa B. Maia, Vanessa A. Mendonça, Jousielle M. dos Santos, Ana C. Coelho-Oliveira, Joyce N. V. Santos, Leticia L. V. Moreira, Rodrigo de O. Mascarenhas, Gabriele T. Gonçalves, Vinícius C. Oliveira, Leonardo A. C. Teixeira, Amandine Rapin, Ana C. R. Lacerda and Redha Taiar
Diagnostics 2022, 12(12), 2910; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12122910 - 23 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1500
Abstract
To investigate the efficacy of hip strengthening on pain, disability, and hip abductor strength in musculoskeletal conditions of the trunk and lower limbs, we searched eight databases for randomized controlled trials up to 8 March 2022 with no date or language restrictions. Random-effect [...] Read more.
To investigate the efficacy of hip strengthening on pain, disability, and hip abductor strength in musculoskeletal conditions of the trunk and lower limbs, we searched eight databases for randomized controlled trials up to 8 March 2022 with no date or language restrictions. Random-effect models estimated mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and the quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Very low quality evidence suggested short-term effects (≤3 months) of hip strengthening on pain intensity (MD of 4.1, 95% CI: 2.1 to 6.2; two trials, n = 48 participants) and on hip strength (MD = 3.9 N, 95% CI: 2.8 to 5.1; two trials, n = 48 participants) in patellofemoral pain when compared with no intervention. Uncertain evidence suggested that hip strengthening enhances the short-term effect of the other active interventions on pain intensity and disability in low back pain (MD = −0.6 points, 95% CI: 0.1 to 1.2; five trials, n = 349 participants; MD = 6.2 points, 95% CI: 2.6 to 9.8; six trials, n = 389 participants, respectively). Scarce evidence does not provide reliable evidence of the efficacy of hip strengthening in musculoskeletal conditions of the trunk and lower limbs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Diagnosis of Patients during Rehabilitation Training)
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11 pages, 700 KiB  
Article
Performance Score (T2D)—A New Perspective in the Assessment of Six-Minute Walking Tests in Pulmonary Rehabilitation
by Barbara Wagner, Andrej Zdravkovic, Michael Pirchl, Milo A. Puhan, Ralf Harun Zwick, Vincent Grote, Richard Crevenna and Michael J. Fischer
Diagnostics 2022, 12(10), 2402; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12102402 - 03 Oct 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1326
Abstract
Because absolute changes in outcomes are difficult to interpret and the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) is not suitable to address this challenge, a novel method of classifying outcomes by relating changes to baseline values is warranted. We used the “performance score” (T2D), [...] Read more.
Because absolute changes in outcomes are difficult to interpret and the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) is not suitable to address this challenge, a novel method of classifying outcomes by relating changes to baseline values is warranted. We used the “performance score” (T2D), which reflects individual performance, enabling us to consider the functional status at the beginning of rehabilitation without dealing with the problems of mathematical coupling or regression effects, as encountered in ANCOVA. To illustrate the T2D, we retrospectively analyzed changes in the six-minute walking test (6MWT) in COPD patients undergoing outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation and compared the results with absolute differences related to a predetermined MCID. We evaluated a total of 575 COPD patients with a mean age of 61.4 ± 9.2 years. 6MWT improved significantly, with a mean change of 32.3 ± 71.2. A total of 105/311 participants who had reached the MCID were still classified as “below average” by the T2D. Conversely, 76/264 patients who had not reached the MCID were classified as “above average”. This new performance measure accounts for the patient’s current status and for changes over time, potentially representing a simple and user-friendly tool that can be used to quantify a patient’s performance and response to rehabilitation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Diagnosis of Patients during Rehabilitation Training)
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