Deep Learning in Medical Image Segmentation and Diagnosis

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 3737

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Computer Engineering, Director of Applied Artificial Intelligence Research Centre, Near East University, Nicosia, Turkey
Interests: computer engineering; artificial intelligence; signal processing and algorithms; deep Learning

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Deep learning has achieved tremendous growth in the solution of different signal processing, pattern recognition, natural language, forecasting, image and speech recognition, medical, healthcare, computer vision, and data science applications. Deep learning techniques can efficiently process a huge number of data, automatically extract useful features from data sources and visual images, learn temporal relationships between data items of time series, transfer knowledge from one system to another, and solve problems characterized with high-order nonlinearities. Various emerging directions in deep learning— attention mechanisms, transformers, generative adversarial networks, and residual networks—have attracted attention for their potential in solving different problems. Image segmentation and diagnosing is one of the active problems in medicine. The availability of sufficient data and images from medical devices has positively affected the development of computer-aided systems for segmentation, diagnosis, and analysis of diseases. Recently, these systems using MRI, CT, and X-ray images have also attracted great interest for medical investigation. Deep learning is one of the emerging approaches that can use these data and images and identify their effective solutions. Because of its high computational power, deep learning techniques can be efficiently used in medical diagnosis and medical image processing.

The goal of the given SI is to review the research articles about the application of emerging trends of deep learning techniques for solving medical diagnostic problems.

Potential topics include but are not limited:

  • Deep learning in medical diagnosis;
  • Medical imaging and deep learning;
  • Data mining and deep learning;
  • Emerging deep learning techniques and diagnosis;
  • Deep learning for the classification of lesions and disease;
  • Deep learning for segmentation, denoising, and super-resolution;
  • Deep learning and healthcare;
  • Deep learning for signal analysis;
  • Learning mechanisms in deep neural networks;
  • Ensemble learning;
  • Stacked networks;
  • Medical informatics;
  • Computer-assisted diagnosis.

The authors are required to read guidelines for the preparation of research papers. Prospectus authors should submit their manuscripts through manuscript submission systems at https://www.mdpi.com/journal/diagnostics/sections.

Prof. Dr. Rahib Abiyev
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • deep learning in medical diagnosis
  • medical imaging and deep learning
  • data mining and deep learning
  • emerging deep learning techniques and diagnosis
  • deep learning for the classification of lesions and disease
  • deep learning for segmentation, denoising, and super resolution
  • deep learning for signal analysis
  • learning mechanisms in deep neural networks
  • ensemble learning
  • stacked networks
  • medical informatics
  • computer-assisted diagnosis

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 2220 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Deep Learning Models for Cutaneous Leishmania Parasite Diagnosis Using Microscopic Images
by Ali Mansour Abdelmula, Omid Mirzaei, Emrah Güler and Kaya Süer
Diagnostics 2024, 14(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14010012 - 20 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1012
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a common illness that causes skin lesions, principally ulcerations, on exposed regions of the body. Although neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are typically found in tropical areas, they have recently become more common along Africa’s northern coast, particularly in Libya. [...] Read more.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a common illness that causes skin lesions, principally ulcerations, on exposed regions of the body. Although neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are typically found in tropical areas, they have recently become more common along Africa’s northern coast, particularly in Libya. The devastation of healthcare infrastructure during the 2011 war and the following conflicts, as well as governmental apathy, may be causal factors associated with this catastrophic event. The main objective of this study is to evaluate alternative diagnostic strategies for recognizing amastigotes of cutaneous leishmaniasis parasites at various stages using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). The research is additionally aimed at testing different classification models employing a dataset of ultra-thin skin smear images of Leishmania parasite-infected people with cutaneous leishmaniasis. The pre-trained deep learning models including EfficientNetB0, DenseNet201, ResNet101, MobileNetv2, and Xception are used for the cutaneous leishmania parasite diagnosis task. To assess the models’ effectiveness, we employed a five-fold cross-validation approach to guarantee the consistency of the models’ outputs when applied to different portions of the full dataset. Following a thorough assessment and contrast of the various models, DenseNet-201 proved to be the most suitable choice. It attained a mean accuracy of 0.9914 along with outstanding results for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, F1-score, Matthew’s correlation coefficient, and Cohen’s Kappa coefficient. The DenseNet-201 model surpassed the other models based on a comprehensive evaluation of these key classification performance metrics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deep Learning in Medical Image Segmentation and Diagnosis)
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14 pages, 2189 KiB  
Article
MRI-Based Radiomics Analysis of Levator Ani Muscle for Predicting Urine Incontinence after Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy
by Mohammed Shahait, Ruben Usamentiaga, Yubing Tong, Alex Sandberg, David I. Lee, Jayaram K. Udupa and Drew A. Torigian
Diagnostics 2023, 13(18), 2913; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13182913 - 11 Sep 2023
Viewed by 902
Abstract
Background: The exact role of the levator ani (LA) muscle in male continence remains unclear, and so this study aims to shed light on the topic by characterizing MRI-derived radiomic features of LA muscle and their association with postoperative incontinence in men undergoing [...] Read more.
Background: The exact role of the levator ani (LA) muscle in male continence remains unclear, and so this study aims to shed light on the topic by characterizing MRI-derived radiomic features of LA muscle and their association with postoperative incontinence in men undergoing prostatectomy. Method: In this retrospective study, 140 patients who underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) for prostate cancer using preoperative MRI were identified. A biomarker discovery approach based on the optimal biomarker (OBM) method was used to extract features from MRI images, including morphological, intensity-based, and texture-based features of the LA muscle, along with clinical variables. Mathematical models were created using subsets of features and were evaluated based on their ability to predict continence outcomes. Results: Univariate analysis showed that the best discriminators between continent and incontinent patients were patients age and features related to LA muscle texture. The proposed feature selection approach found that the best classifier used six features: age, LA muscle texture properties, and the ratio between LA size descriptors. This configuration produced a classification accuracy of 0.84 with a sensitivity of 0.90, specificity of 0.75, and an area under the ROC curve of 0.89. Conclusion: This study found that certain patient factors, such as increased age and specific texture properties of the LA muscle, can increase the odds of incontinence after RARP. The results showed that the proposed approach was highly effective and could distinguish and predict continents from incontinent patients with high accuracy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deep Learning in Medical Image Segmentation and Diagnosis)
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16 pages, 3338 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Cervical Pre-Cancerous Classification Using Advanced Vision Transformer
by Manal Darwish, Mohamad Ziad Altabel and Rahib H. Abiyev
Diagnostics 2023, 13(18), 2884; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13182884 - 08 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1143
Abstract
One of the most common types of cancer among in women is cervical cancer. Incidence and fatality rates are steadily rising, particularly in developing nations, due to a lack of screening facilities, experienced specialists, and public awareness. Visual inspection is used to screen [...] Read more.
One of the most common types of cancer among in women is cervical cancer. Incidence and fatality rates are steadily rising, particularly in developing nations, due to a lack of screening facilities, experienced specialists, and public awareness. Visual inspection is used to screen for cervical cancer after the application of acetic acid (VIA), histopathology test, Papanicolaou (Pap) test, and human papillomavirus (HPV) test. The goal of this research is to employ a vision transformer (ViT) enhanced with shifted patch tokenization (SPT) techniques to create an integrated and robust system for automatic cervix-type identification. A vision transformer enhanced with shifted patch tokenization is used in this work to learn the distinct features between the three different cervical pre-cancerous types. The model was trained and tested on 8215 colposcopy images of the three types, obtained from the publicly available mobile-ODT dataset. The model was tested on 30% of the whole dataset and it showed a good generalization capability of 91% accuracy. The state-of-the art comparison indicated the outperformance of our model. The experimental results show that the suggested system can be employed as a decision support tool in the detection of the cervical pre-cancer transformation zone, particularly in low-resource settings with limited experience and resources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deep Learning in Medical Image Segmentation and Diagnosis)
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