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Diagnostics
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Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis of Melanocytic and Non-melanocytic Skin Cancers
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Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis of Melanocytic and Non-melanocytic Skin Cancers

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2024 | Viewed by 6632

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Ovidiu Simion Cotoi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Pathophysiology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
2. Pathology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
Interests: dermatopathology; melanoma; tumor markers; immunohistochemistry; molecular pathology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Melanoma and non-melanocytic cancers are hot topics in the skin pathology field. Melanoma is one of the most aggressive tumors known and it is becoming more common, affecting people at increasingly younger ages.

Non-melanocytic cancers cover tumors such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and basosquamos carcinomas. These cancers present an increased incidence and are the most common skin tumors diagnosed in practice, frequently affecting elderly patients.

Both types of cancers are characterised by the presence of malignant neoplastic cells in the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue. While basal cell carcinoma does not present risks for metastasis, melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma can disseminate. SCC metastasis is rare, but this type of tumor is locally aggressive and patients diagnosed with melanoma present a high risk of metastasis and mortality. Patients with melanoma metastases have an average survival period of about 8 months from the moment of the appearance of secondary determinations, statistics which demand constant updates regarding the therapeutic options of these individuals.

The aim of this Special Issue is to describe the current state of research on melanocytic and non-melanocytic cancers. The information will include the current diagnostic options, new methods required for analyzing the histologic aspect of the tumors, new prognostic markers that can help to develop new therapies, pathophysiological mechanisms and current principles of treatment. Contributions with original research articles, reviews and case report series are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Ovidiu Simion Cotoi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • melanoma
  • non-melanocytic
  • pathophysiology
  • management
  • skin cancer
  • treatment
  • immunohistochemistry
  • targeted therapy
  • surgery

Published Papers (3 papers)

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12 pages, 2576 KiB  
Article
Sun-Exposed versus Sun-Protected Cutaneous Basal Cell Carcinoma: Clinico-Pathological Profile and p16 Immunostaining
by Abdulkarim Hasan, Ahmad M. Kandil, Hasan S. Al-Ghamdi, Mohammad A. Alghamdi, Mohamed Nasr, Suhaib Alsayed Naeem, Wagih M. Abd-Elhay, Osama Khalil E. Mohamed, Hany Sabry A. Ibrahim, Eman Mohamed Ahmed, Ahmed Elsayed M. Abdrabo and Shimaa Abdelraouf Elgohary
Diagnostics 2023, 13(7), 1271; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13071271 - 28 Mar 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1646
Abstract
Introduction: Although widespread, BCC is still relatively poorly understood in regards to pathogenesis and prognosis, particularly the lesions formed on anatomical sites away from sun exposure. With the aim of deepening our understanding of the pathogenesis and clinico-pathological correlations of BCCs, we conducted [...] Read more.
Introduction: Although widespread, BCC is still relatively poorly understood in regards to pathogenesis and prognosis, particularly the lesions formed on anatomical sites away from sun exposure. With the aim of deepening our understanding of the pathogenesis and clinico-pathological correlations of BCCs, we conducted this study. Methods: Tissue blocks and data of 52 Egyptian patients diagnosed with BCC were retrieved for clinical information and inclusion criteria, then re-examined histologically; p16 immunostaining was carried out and evaluated for analysis and comparison between the two groups, i.e., sun-exposed and sun-protected. Results: Sex, age, clinical suspicion, tumor size, recurrence status, and histologic variants did not show a significant difference between the sun-protected and sun-exposed groups; however, the mean ages recorded were 67.2 vs. 62.7 for the sun-protected and sun-exposed groups, respectively. A total of 52% of BCCs were positive for p16. The sun-protected lesions showed p16 positivity in 61% of cases, whereas 49% of the sun-exposed lesions were positive with no significant difference. There was a significant difference in p16 expression between the recurrent and non-recurrent lesions. Conclusions: A significant difference was seen in the case of cancer recurrence, where all the recurrent BCCs in this study demonstrated negative p16 immunostaining of the primary lesions; however, the positively stained cases in total were 52% of BCCs. The mean patient age of the sun-protected group was much higher than in previous peer studies. We assume that the biological, prognostic, and clinical aspects of p16 protein expression in BCCs are still far from being clearly understood. Further studies are highly recommended, with more focus on its role in the pathogenesis and the prognostic factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis of Melanocytic and Non-melanocytic Skin Cancers)
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13 pages, 2863 KiB  
Article
The Importance of Immunohistochemistry in the Evaluation of Tumor Depth of Primary Cutaneous Melanoma
by Anca Maria Pop, Monica Monea, Peter Olah, Raluca Moraru and Ovidiu Simion Cotoi
Diagnostics 2023, 13(6), 1020; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13061020 - 07 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3459
Abstract
Primary cutaneous melanoma (PCM) is the most aggressive skin malignancy, with an increasing incidence and significant mortality. Tumoral invasion, expressed as Breslow thickness, is routinely assessed on hematoxylin and eosin (HE), although this stain may sometimes underestimate the tumoral depth. The aim of [...] Read more.
Primary cutaneous melanoma (PCM) is the most aggressive skin malignancy, with an increasing incidence and significant mortality. Tumoral invasion, expressed as Breslow thickness, is routinely assessed on hematoxylin and eosin (HE), although this stain may sometimes underestimate the tumoral depth. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of the immunohistochemical (IHC) markers S-100, SOX10, Melan-A, and HMB-45 with HE for the evaluation of the Breslow thickness and staging of PCM. This retrospective study included 46 cases of PCM diagnosed between 2015 and 2022; for each case, the Breslow thickness using HE, S-100, SOX10, Melan-A, and HMB-45 was measured and the appropriate T category was recorded. The highest values of the Breslow thickness were observed for S-100. However, S-100, SOX10, and Melan-A provided statistically significant higher values of the Breslow thickness compared to HE, but no difference was noted between HMB-45 and HE. S-100 was most frequently involved in increasing the T category (26.1%), the majority of cases being upstaged from T1a to T1b. The IHC markers S-100, SOX10, and Melan-A contributed to better evaluation of the melanoma invasion, especially in thin melanomas, but their impact on staging and consecutive treatment remains to be confirmed by future studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis of Melanocytic and Non-melanocytic Skin Cancers)
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18 pages, 4545 KiB  
Case Report
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Particularities of Symptomatic Melanoma Brain Metastases from Case Report to Literature Review
by Adelaida Avino, Daniela-Elena Ion, Daniela-Elena Gheoca-Mutu, Abdalah Abu-Baker, Andrada-Elena Țigăran, Teodora Peligrad, Cristian-Sorin Hariga, Andra-Elena Balcangiu-Stroescu, Cristian-Radu Jecan, Adrian Tudor and Laura Răducu
Diagnostics 2024, 14(7), 688; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14070688 - 25 Mar 2024
Viewed by 716
Abstract
The recent introduction of immunotherapy and targeted therapy has substantially enriched the therapeutic landscape of metastatic melanoma. However, cerebral metastases remain unrelenting entities with atypical metabolic and genetic profiles compared to extracranial metastases, requiring combined approaches with local ablative treatment to alleviate symptoms, [...] Read more.
The recent introduction of immunotherapy and targeted therapy has substantially enriched the therapeutic landscape of metastatic melanoma. However, cerebral metastases remain unrelenting entities with atypical metabolic and genetic profiles compared to extracranial metastases, requiring combined approaches with local ablative treatment to alleviate symptoms, prevent recurrence and restore patients’ biological and psychological resources for fighting malignancy. This paper aims to provide the latest scientific evidence about the rationale and timing of treatment, emphasizing the complementary roles of surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic therapy in eradicating brain metastases, with a special focus on the distinct response of intracranial and extracranial disease, which are regarded as separate molecular entities. To illustrate the complexity of designing individualized therapeutic schemes, we report a case of delayed BRAF-mutant diagnosis, an aggressive forearm melanoma, in a presumed psychiatric patient whose symptoms were caused by cerebral melanoma metastases. The decision to administer molecularly targeted therapy was dictated by the urgency of diminishing the tumor burden for symptom control, due to potentially life-threatening complications caused by the flourishing of extracranial disease in locations rarely reported in living patients, further proving the necessity of multidisciplinary management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis of Melanocytic and Non-melanocytic Skin Cancers)
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