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Diagnostics
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Imaging Diagnosis in Musculoskeletal Medicine
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Imaging Diagnosis in Musculoskeletal Medicine

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 8639

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Anja Müller-Lutz

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Guest Editor
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Dusseldorf, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
Interests: MRI; CEST; sodium MRI; cartilage; kidney; biochemical imaging; musculoskeletal imaging; real-time imaging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Imaging diagnosis is of great interest in the field of musculoskeletal studies. New insights into imaging diagnosis are important for different musculoskeletal structures such as cartilage, tendons and ligaments. Imaging of cartilage uses advanced MRI techniques such as CEST, sodium and T1rho imaging and real-time imaging can assess dynamic instabilities. Other approaches such as MR sequences with ultrashort echo times, quantitative susceptibility mapping, or the combination of multiple modalities such as PET and CT or PET and MRI could also achieve improved diagnosis in musculoskeletal diseases. Imaging diagnosis could be influenced on the one hand by artifacts (such as motion, partial volume artifacts, or fat) or, on the other hand, by factors such as age and gender of the subjects. Therefore, in addition to presenting new approaches in the field of musculoskeletal imaging, important new findings on factors that could be relevant for or limit a good diagnosis will also be presented in this Special Issue.

This Special Issue aims to highlight new insights in basic, translational and clinical research in the field of musculoskeletal imaging.

Dr. Anja Müller-Lutz
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • musculoskeletal imaging
  • musculoskeletal disorders
  • cartilage
  • tendon
  • ligaments
  • molecular imaging
  • real-time imaging
  • quantitative susceptibility mapping
  • MR imaging
  • PET-CT
  • PET-MRT
  • biomarker
  • diagnosis
  • artifacts
  • age
  • gender

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2436 KiB  
Article
Insights into the Age Dependency of Compositional MR Biomarkers Quantifying the Health Status of Cartilage in Metacarpophalangeal Joints
by Miriam Frenken, Karl Ludger Radke, Emilia Louisa Ernestine Schäfer, Birte Valentin, Lena Marie Wilms, Daniel Benjamin Abrar, Sven Nebelung, Petros Martirosian, Hans-Jörg Wittsack and Anja Müller-Lutz
Diagnostics 2023, 13(10), 1746; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13101746 - 16 May 2023
Viewed by 815
Abstract
(1) Background: We aim to investigate age-related changes in cartilage structure and composition in the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints using magnetic resonance (MR) biomarkers. (2) Methods: The cartilage tissue of 90 MCP joints from 30 volunteers without any signs of destruction or inflammation was [...] Read more.
(1) Background: We aim to investigate age-related changes in cartilage structure and composition in the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints using magnetic resonance (MR) biomarkers. (2) Methods: The cartilage tissue of 90 MCP joints from 30 volunteers without any signs of destruction or inflammation was examined using T1, T2, and T1ρ compositional MR imaging techniques on a 3 Tesla clinical scanner and correlated with age. (3) Results: The T1ρ and T2 relaxation times showed a significant correlation with age (T1ρ: Kendall-τ-b = 0.3, p < 0.001; T2: Kendall-τ-b = 0.2, p = 0.01). No significant correlation was observed for T1 as a function of age (T1: Kendall-τ-b = 0.12, p = 0.13). (4) Conclusions: Our data show an increase in T1ρ and T2 relaxation times with age. We hypothesize that this increase is due to age-related changes in cartilage structure and composition. In future examinations of cartilage using compositional MRI, especially T1ρ and T2 techniques, e.g., in patients with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, the age of the patients should be taken into account. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Imaging Diagnosis in Musculoskeletal Medicine)
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13 pages, 8581 KiB  
Article
Superselective Catheter Angiographies of the Wrist (SCAW): Approaches for Vascularized Bone Grafts
by Leonie Goelz, Simon Kim, Andreas Eisenschenk, Sven Mutze and Ariane Asmus
Diagnostics 2023, 13(6), 1198; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13061198 - 22 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1050
Abstract
Background: This study assesses the variability of the palmar radiocarpal artery (PRCA), dorsal carpal branch of the ulnar artery (DCBUA), and anterior interosseous artery (AIA) in superselective catheter angiographies of the wrist (SCAW). Methods: Secondary analysis of consecutive SCAW (2009–2011). Measurements of the [...] Read more.
Background: This study assesses the variability of the palmar radiocarpal artery (PRCA), dorsal carpal branch of the ulnar artery (DCBUA), and anterior interosseous artery (AIA) in superselective catheter angiographies of the wrist (SCAW). Methods: Secondary analysis of consecutive SCAW (2009–2011). Measurements of the distances of the PRCA to the midface of the radiocarpal joint, the DCBUA to the styloid process of the ulnar, and maximum diameters of PRCA, DCBUA, and AIA. Results: Seven female and ten male patients (mean 35 years) received SCAW. All patients suffered from Kienbock’s disease. The mean distance from the PRCA to the radiocarpal joint was 7.9 ± 2.3 mm and the distance from the DCBUA to the styloid process of the ulna was 29.6 ± 13.6 mm. The mean maximum diameter of the PRCA was 0.6 ± 0.2 mm, that of the DCBUA was 1.1 ± 0.4 mm, and that of the AIA 1.2 ± 0.3 mm. In six cases (35%), all three arteries contributed to the PRCA; in eight cases (47%), the radial and AIA; in two cases (12%), the radial and ulnar artery; and in one case (6%), only the radial artery contributed. Conclusions: SCAW are feasible to assist in preoperative planning. Os pisiforme transfer with DCBUA might be the best choice for a vascular bone graft in Kienbock’s disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Imaging Diagnosis in Musculoskeletal Medicine)
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11 pages, 2480 KiB  
Article
Robust Assessment of Macromolecular Fraction (MMF) in Muscle with Differing Fat Fraction Using Ultrashort Echo Time (UTE) Magnetization Transfer Modeling with Measured T1
by Saeed Jerban, Yajun Ma, Qingbo Tang, Eddie Fu, Nikolaus Szeverenyi, Hyungseok Jang, Christine B. Chung, Jiang Du and Eric Y. Chang
Diagnostics 2023, 13(5), 876; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13050876 - 24 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1258
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely regarded as the most comprehensive imaging modality to assess skeletal muscle quality and quantity. Magnetization transfer (MT) imaging can be used to estimate the fraction of water and macromolecular proton pools, with the latter including the myofibrillar [...] Read more.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely regarded as the most comprehensive imaging modality to assess skeletal muscle quality and quantity. Magnetization transfer (MT) imaging can be used to estimate the fraction of water and macromolecular proton pools, with the latter including the myofibrillar proteins and collagen, which are related to the muscle quality and its ability to generate force. MT modeling combined with ultrashort echo time (UTE-MT modeling) may improve the evaluation of the myotendinous junction and regions with fibrotic tissues in the skeletal muscles, which possess short T2 values and higher bound-water concentration. The fat present in muscle has always been a source of concern in macromolecular fraction (MMF) calculation. This study aimed to investigate the impact of fat fraction (FF) on the estimated MMF in bovine skeletal muscle phantoms embedded in pure fat. MMF was calculated for several regions of interest (ROIs) with differing FFs using UTE-MT modeling with and without T1 measurement and B1 correction. Calculated MMF using measured T1 showed a robust trend, particularly with a negligible error (<3%) for FF < 20%. Around 5% MMF reduction occurred for FF > 30%. However, MMF estimation using a constant T1 was robust only for regions with FF < 10%. The MTR and T1 values were also robust for only FF < 10%. This study highlights the potential of the UTE-MT modeling with accurate T1 measurement for robust muscle assessment while remaining insensitive to fat infiltration up to moderate levels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Imaging Diagnosis in Musculoskeletal Medicine)
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Review

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19 pages, 3384 KiB  
Review
MR-Imaging in Osteoarthritis: Current Standard of Practice and Future Outlook
by Jonathan Ehmig, Günther Engel, Joachim Lotz, Wolfgang Lehmann, Shahed Taheri, Arndt F. Schilling, Ali Seif Amir Hosseini and Babak Panahi
Diagnostics 2023, 13(15), 2586; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13152586 - 03 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2968
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a powerful tool for the evaluation and monitoring of OA due to its ability to visualize soft tissues and bone with high [...] Read more.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a powerful tool for the evaluation and monitoring of OA due to its ability to visualize soft tissues and bone with high resolution. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of MRI in OA, with a special focus on the knee, including protocol recommendations for clinical and research settings. Furthermore, new developments in the field of musculoskeletal MRI are highlighted in this review. These include compositional MRI techniques, such as T2 mapping and T1rho imaging, which can provide additional important information about the biochemical composition of cartilage and other joint tissues. In addition, this review discusses semiquantitative joint assessment based on MRI findings, which is a widely used method for evaluating OA severity and progression in the knee. We analyze the most common scoring methods and discuss potential benefits. Techniques to reduce acquisition times and the potential impact of deep learning in MR imaging for OA are also discussed, as these technological advances may impact clinical routine in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Imaging Diagnosis in Musculoskeletal Medicine)
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25 pages, 2938 KiB  
Review
Imaging Features of Intraosseous Schwannoma: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
by Firoozeh Shomal Zadeh, Arash Azhideh, Jose G. Mantilla, Vijaya Kosaraju, Nitin Venugopal, Cree M. Gaskin, Atefe Pooyan, Ehsan Alipour and Majid Chalian
Diagnostics 2023, 13(9), 1610; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13091610 - 02 May 2023
Viewed by 1675
Abstract
To characterize the imaging features of patients with pathologically confirmed intraosseous schwannoma (IOS), institutional pathology and imaging databases were searched for IOS cases over a period of 17 years. A musculoskeletal radiologist evaluated all imaging studies. Additionally, a literature search was performed to [...] Read more.
To characterize the imaging features of patients with pathologically confirmed intraosseous schwannoma (IOS), institutional pathology and imaging databases were searched for IOS cases over a period of 17 years. A musculoskeletal radiologist evaluated all imaging studies. Additionally, a literature search was performed to identify IOS cases that had imaging findings of at least two modalities. Six patients (one female, five males, mean age of 50 ± 14 years) with IOS were identified, with all lesions localized to the lumbosacral region. Radiographic imaging was available in four patients, while all patients underwent CT and MR imaging. Radiographs depicted lytic lesions, and CT depicted heterogeneous expansile lesions with centrally hypodense areas and peripheral sclerosis. All cases involved extra-osseous extension, producing a mass effect on adjacent soft tissues and nerve roots. On MRI, the neoplasms displayed iso- to- slightly- low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and hyperintense signal intensity on T2-weighted images with heterogeneous enhancement. The literature review resulted in 102 IOS cases, which to the best of our knowledge, is the largest review on IOS, and the imaging findings of the previously published cases were the same as our cases. IOSs are rare benign neoplasms that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of well-defined expansile lytic lesions with sclerotic borders. This is particularly important in middle-aged adults with mandibular, sacral, or vertebral body mass. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Imaging Diagnosis in Musculoskeletal Medicine)
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Other

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3 pages, 500 KiB  
Interesting Images
Myxofibrosarcoma of the Chest Wall Detected on 99mTc-MDP Whole-Body Bone Scan
by Chia-Hsuan Lee, Hueng-Yuan (Daniel) Shen, Yow-Ling (Shirley) Shiue, Hung-Yen Chan and Hung-Pin Chan
Diagnostics 2024, 14(8), 857; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14080857 - 22 Apr 2024
Viewed by 187
Abstract
Myxofibrosarcoma is a type of soft tissue sarcoma, predominantly characterized by a high propensity for local recurrence, albeit demonstrating a relatively diminished risk for distant metastasis. Its prevalence is notably higher in elderly patients. Here, we present a case of a 73-year-old woman [...] Read more.
Myxofibrosarcoma is a type of soft tissue sarcoma, predominantly characterized by a high propensity for local recurrence, albeit demonstrating a relatively diminished risk for distant metastasis. Its prevalence is notably higher in elderly patients. Here, we present a case of a 73-year-old woman diagnosed with Myxofibrosarcoma. She was subjected to a whole-body bone scan using 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) to survey potential bony metastasis. It revealed marked MDP accumulation with peripheral soft tissue uptake in the right lateral chest region of this patient. This imaging phenotype could potentially be attributed to the augmented vascularity within the tumor, a finding that was prominently displayed in this particular case. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Imaging Diagnosis in Musculoskeletal Medicine)
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