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Computed Tomography Imaging in Medical Diagnosis

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Dear Colleagues,

Computed tomography (CT) is a diagnostic imaging test used to create detailed images of internal organs, bones, soft tissue and blood vessels. In this Special Issue, we open a discussion on this topic and welcome original articles, reviews, and reports that explore new technologies, emerging service modalities, and ideas on technology adoption and the overall current and future impact of the pandemic on computed tomography practices.

Dr. Fabio Sandomenico
Guest Editor

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Keywords

computed tomography
medical diagnosis
imaging
internal organs
bones
soft tissue
blood vessels

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1187 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Diagnostic Value of Four-Dimensional Dynamic Computed Tomography for Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients with Low Baseline Parathyroid Hormone Levels

by Zaid Al-Difaie, Max H. M. C. Scheepers, Sanne M. E. Engelen, Bastiaan Havekes, Nicole D. Bouvy and Alida A. Postma

Diagnostics 2023, 13(16), 2621; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13162621 - 08 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 863

Abstract

Low baseline levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) are associated with a higher rate of multiglandular disease, lower localization rates of preoperative imaging modalities, and a higher rate of unsuccessful minimally invasive parathyroidectomies. The objective of this study is to assess the diagnostic value of four-dimensional dynamic computed tomography (4D-CT) in localizing primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) in patients with low baseline PTH levels, compared to patients with high baseline PTH levels. Patients with pHPT who received a 4D-CT scan as part of their standard diagnostic evaluation were divided into two groups based on the following criteria: (1) preoperative PTH levels less than 100 pg/mL and (2) patients with preoperative PTH levels greater than 100 pg/mL. All patients underwent parathyroidectomy based on 4D-CT findings, with intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring. The lesion-based sensitivity of 4D-CT was 88% in patients with low baseline PTH levels and 94.7% in patients with high baseline PTH levels (p = 0.33). However, the success rate of image-guided resection based on 4D-CT findings was 71.4% in the low baseline PTH group compared to 90.6% in the high baseline PTH group (p = 0.06). Our study demonstrated that 4D-CT has a high lesion-based sensitivity in patients with pHPT and low baseline PTH levels but led to a relatively low rate of successful image-guided resection in patients with low baseline PTH levels. Therefore, it is important to exercise increased caution during 4D-CT-guided surgical exploration of patients with low baseline PTH levels to ensure successful surgical resection of all parathyroid lesions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computed Tomography Imaging in Medical Diagnosis)

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19 pages, 12493 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Three-Dimensional Voxel-Wise Quantitative Assessment of Imaging Features in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

by Chongfei Huang, Shihong Ying, Meixiang Huang, Chenhui Qiu, Fang Lu, Zhiyi Peng and Dexing Kong

Diagnostics 2023, 13(6), 1170; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13061170 - 18 Mar 2023

Viewed by 1193

Abstract

Voxel-wise quantitative assessment of typical characteristics in three-dimensional (3D) multiphase computed tomography (CT) imaging, especially arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE) and subsequent washout (WO), is crucial for the diagnosis and therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, this process is still missing in practice. Radiologists often visually estimate these features, which limit the diagnostic accuracy due to subjective interpretation and qualitative assessment. Quantitative assessment is one of the solutions to this problem. However, performing voxel-wise assessment in 3D is difficult due to the misalignments between images caused by respiratory and other physiological motions. In this paper, based on the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (v2018), we propose a registration-based quantitative model for the 3D voxel-wise assessment of image characteristics through multiple CT imaging phases. Specifically, we selected three phases from sequential CT imaging phases, i.e., pre-contrast phase (Pre), arterial phase (AP), delayed phase (DP), and then registered Pre and DP images to the AP image to extract and assess the major imaging characteristics. An iterative reweighted local cross-correlation was applied in the proposed registration model to construct the fidelity term for comparison of intensity features across different imaging phases, which is challenging due to their distinct intensity appearance. Experiments on clinical dataset showed that the means of dice similarity coefficient of liver were

98.6 %

and

98.1 %

, those of surface distance were

0.38

and

0.54

mm, and those of Hausdorff distance were

4.34

and

6.16

mm, indicating that quantitative estimation can be accomplished with high accuracy. For the classification of APHE, the result obtained by our method was consistent with those acquired by experts. For the WO, the effectiveness of the model was verified in terms of WO volume ratio. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computed Tomography Imaging in Medical Diagnosis)

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