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A special issue of Dentistry Journal (ISSN 2304-6767). This special issue belongs to the section "Preventive Dentistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 29 February 2024 | Viewed by 15624

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ollie Yiru Yu

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
Interests: caries detection; caries prevention and management; minimal intervention dentistry; dental materials; lasers in dentistry

Prof. Dr. Chun Hung Chu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
Interests: preventive dentistry; community dentistry; fluorides; dental caries
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Dental caries remains prevalent worldwide. Untreated caries affects 2.4 billion adults and 573 million children around the world. Cariology research on caries etiology, caries detection and assessment, caries risk assessment, caries prevention, and caries management has been surging in recent decades, and our understanding of dental caries and the paradigm of caries management has been shifting rapidly. Updating our knowledge around cariology is essential for oral healthcare providers and researchers.

This Special Issue welcomes laboratory studies, epidemiological studies, clinical trials, case reports, reviews, and discussion papers on cariology. The editors welcome manuscripts that investigate innovations in cariology, caries microbiology, etiological and risk factors of dental caries, oral hygiene promotion, diet advice, caries risk evaluation and reduction, clinical management of dental caries, and strategies or practice for prevention of coronal/root caries.

Dr. Ollie Yiru Yu
Prof. Dr. Chun Hung Chu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Dentistry Journal is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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Open AccessArticle

Association between Malnutrition and Dental Caries in Iraqi Kurdish Children

Mohammed Khalid Mahmood

Romain Lan

Herve Tassery

and

Delphine Tardivo

Dent. J. 2023, 11(6), 141; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11060141 - 26 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 813

Abstract

Background: This paper aimed to study the association of serum Vitamin D level and Body Mass Index (BMI) as representatives of malnutrition at micro and macro levels, respectively, on dental caries. Method and Participants: A total of 333 randomly selected children aged 6–12 years in Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq were examined for three variables of the Decayed Missed Filled Tooth (DMFT) index, BMI, and Vitamin D serum levels in a single-time cross-sectional snapshot. Results: The majority of the population studied (70%) were Vitamin D deficient. In the linear regression analysis, both Vitamin D and BMI had insignificant effects on DMFT, with p-values of 0.22 and 0.55, respectively. After the categorization of the data, the risk estimate between normal (≥20 ng/mL) and deficient (<20 ng/mL) Vitamin D groups with regards to the caries and caries-free categories was 1.97 (95% CI: 0.91–4.24). According to the mean and median of the DMFT, which were both 4, the sample is categorized into the low-caries group (DMFT < 4) and high-caries group (DMFT > 4). When these groups are compared to Vitamin D levels and taking 20 and 15 as thresholds, the odds ratios were 1.19 (CI: 0.74–1.92) and 1.88 (CI: 1.20–2.94), respectively. Regarding the BMI, a normal BMI increases the chances of having a lower caries index (OR = 1.83, CI: 1.10–3.03). Conclusions: Our results show that having a serum Vitamin D level ≥15 ng/mL and having a normal BMI are associated with a lower caries index in children. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates and Highlights in Cariology)

Open AccessArticle

Anticholinergic Medication and Caries Status Predict Xerostomia under 65

and

Dent. J. 2023, 11(4), 87; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11040087 - 23 Mar 2023

Viewed by 1084

Abstract

The use of anticholinergic medications is increasing in younger ages, yet information about xerostomia, the most common anticholinergic side effect, is limited. This case–control retrospective study examines the relationship between anticholinergic medication-induced xerostomia and caries status among adults between 18 and 65 years of age. The study sample comprised 649 cases with xerostomia and 649 age- and gender-matched controls. The anticholinergic burden was estimated using the anticholinergic drug scale (ADS). Caries experience was recorded by calculating the Decayed, Missing, Filled Tooth (DMFT) index. Individuals with xerostomia had a higher mean DMFT index (16.02 ± 9.50), which corresponded with a higher level of anticholinergic exposure from medications (3.26 ± 2.81) compared to their age and gender-matched controls without xerostomia (13.83 + 8.83 and 1.89 ± 2.45, respectively). Logistic regression analysis verified the effects of DMFT, the total number of AC medications, and the ADS burden on xerostomia status. Comparing adults with or without xerostomia revealed statistical differences in several risk factors, such as smoking, diabetes, sleep apnea, and the utilization of anticholinergic medications. A personalized dental care plan should include the evaluation of the anticholinergic burden from medications regardless of the patient’s age to prevent increased caries severity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates and Highlights in Cariology)

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Review

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Open AccessFeature PaperReview

A Comprehensive Evaluation of Zirconia-Reinforced Glass Ionomer Cement’s Effectiveness in Dental Caries: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

and

Dent. J. 2023, 11(9), 211; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11090211 - 08 Sep 2023

Viewed by 391

Abstract

Dental cements are in a constant state of evolution, adapting to better align with the intricacies of tooth structure and the dynamic movements within the oral cavity. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of zirconia-reinforced glass ionomer cement—an innovative variant of modified glass ionomer cements—in terms of its ability to withstand compressive forces and prevent microleakage during dental caries reconstruction. An extensive search was conducted across various databases, encompassing PubMed-MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, prominent journals, unpublished studies, conference proceedings, and cross-referenced sources. The selected studies underwent meticulous scrutiny according to predetermined criteria, followed by the assessment of quality and the determination of evidence levels. In total, 16 studies were incorporated into this systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA). The findings suggest that both compomer and giomer cements exhibit greater compressive strength and reduced microleakage values than zirconia-reinforced glass ionomer cement. In contrast, resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and high-viscosity glass ionomer cement (GIC) demonstrate less favorable performance in these regards when compared with zirconia-reinforced glass ionomer cement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates and Highlights in Cariology)

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Open AccessReview

Bioactive Materials for Caries Management: A Literature Review

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Dent. J. 2023, 11(3), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11030059 - 23 Feb 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2005

Abstract

Researchers have developed novel bioactive materials for caries management. Many clinicians also favour these materials, which fit their contemporary practice philosophy of using the medical model of caries management and minimally invasive dentistry. Although there is no consensus on the definition of bioactive materials, bioactive materials in cariology are generally considered to be those that can form hydroxyapatite crystals on the tooth surface. Common bioactive materials include fluoride-based materials, calcium- and phosphate-based materials, graphene-based materials, metal and metal-oxide nanomaterials and peptide-based materials. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a fluoride-based material containing silver; silver is antibacterial and fluoride promotes remineralisation. Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate is a calcium- and phosphate-based material that can be added to toothpaste and chewing gum for caries prevention. Researchers use graphene-based materials and metal or metal-oxide nanomaterials as anticaries agents. Graphene-based materials, such as graphene oxide-silver, have antibacterial and mineralising properties. Metal and metal-oxide nanomaterials, such as silver and copper oxide, are antimicrobial. Incorporating mineralising materials could introduce remineralising properties to metallic nanoparticles. Researchers have also developed antimicrobial peptides with mineralising properties for caries prevention. The purpose of this literature review is to provide an overview of current bioactive materials for caries management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates and Highlights in Cariology)

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Update on Dental Luting Materials

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Dent. J. 2022, 10(11), 208; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj10110208 - 03 Nov 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3118

Abstract

A dental luting material aids in the retention and stability of indirect restorations on the prepared tooth structure. In dentistry, clinicians are using a wide range of luting materials for the cementation of indirect restorations. Zinc oxide eugenol and non-eugenol cements, zinc phosphate cement, zinc polycarboxylate cement, glass ionomer cement and resin cements are common dental cements used in dentistry. Each luting material or cement possesses unique properties and clinical implications. An ideal luting cement should be biocompatible, insoluble, resistant to thermal and chemical assaults, antibacterial, aesthetic, simple and easy to use. It should have high strength properties under tension, shear and compression to resist stress at the restoration–tooth interface, as well as adequate working and setting times. So far, no luting material possesses all of these properties of an ideal cement. Scientists have been modifying the conventional luting cements to improve the material’s clinical performance and developing novel materials for clinical use. To achieve the best clinical outcome, clinicians should update their knowledge and gain a good understanding of the luting materials so that they can make a wise clinical decision on the material selection and obtain an insight into the development of luting cements. Therefore, the objective of this study is to provide a discussion on the physical, chemical, adhesive and aesthetic properties of common luting materials. The clinical indications of these luting materials are suggested based on their properties. In addition, overviews of the modification of the conventional luting materials and the newly developed luting materials are provided. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates and Highlights in Cariology)

Open AccessReview

The Incidence of Dental Caries in Children with Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mariana Martins

Paulo Mascarenhas

José Grillo Evangelista

Isabel Barahona

and

Vitor Tavares

Dent. J. 2022, 10(11), 205; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj10110205 - 31 Oct 2022

Viewed by 2164

Abstract

Scientific evidence regarding the incidence of dental caries in Down syndrome (DS) patients is limited and sometimes presents divergent opinions among authors, making it difficult to reach definitive conclusions. We aimed to evaluate the caries incidence in the DS pediatric population and compare it against healthy controls. The search was performed using 4 universal databases: Cochrane, B-on, Biomed, and PubMed. The selected articles were synthesized and subsequently evaluated according to an adaptation of the Quality Assessment Checklist for Prevalence Studies risk of bias tool, and analysis charts were performed by the Risk of Bias visualization tool (ROBVIS). Statistics and graphs were performed by Open Meta Analyst and JASP software. The confounding effect on caries incidence of the following factors was evaluated through meta-regression: age, Male/Female (M/F) ratio, DMFT, dmft, and study geographic location. Overall, the incidence of caries in the DS population was 49.9%, whereas in the control population was 63.4%. The M/F ratio, DMFT, and dmft significantly affected the incidence of DS individuals (p-value < 0.05). The evidence regarding the lower pooled incidence of caries in individuals with DS regarding controls is limited by the few scientific reports available and cross-section designs. Therefore, further studies are needed to confirm these results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates and Highlights in Cariology)

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Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Oral Microbiome and Dental Caries Development

Josie Shizhen Zhang

Chun-Hung Chu

and

Ollie Yiru Yu

Dent. J. 2022, 10(10), 184; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj10100184 - 30 Sep 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5502

Abstract

Dental caries remains the most prevalent oral disease worldwide. The development of dental caries is highly associated with the microbiota in the oral cavity. Microbiological research of dental caries has been conducted for over a century, with conventional culture-based methods and targeted molecular methods being used in order to identify the microorganisms related to dental caries. These methods’ major limitation is that they can identify only part of the culturable microorganisms in the oral cavity. Introducing sequencing-based technology and bioinformatics analysis has boosted oral microbiome research and greatly expanded the understanding of complex oral microbiology. With the continuing revolution of molecular technologies and the accumulated sequence data of the oral microbiome, researchers have realized that microbial composition alone may be insufficient to uncover the relationship between caries and the microbiome. Most updated evidence has coupled metagenomics with transcriptomics and metabolomics techniques in order to comprehensively understand the microbial contribution to dental caries. Therefore, the objective of this article is to give an overview of the research of the oral microbiome and the development of dental caries. This article reviews the classical concepts of the microbiological aspect of dental caries and updates the knowledge of caries microbiology with the results of current studies on the oral microbiome. This paper also provides an update on the caries etiological theory, the microorganisms related to caries development, and the shifts in the microbiome in dental caries development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates and Highlights in Cariology)

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