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Current Oncology
Special Issues
Clinical Advances and Progress in the Treatment of Gynecological Cancers
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Clinical Advances and Progress in the Treatment of Gynecological Cancers

A special issue of Current Oncology (ISSN 1718-7729). This special issue belongs to the section "Gynecologic Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 11179

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jenny Ko

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Interests: clinical; translational research; gynecologic, genitourinary; lung cancers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There have been a number of important advances in the treatment paradigms for gynecological cancers. We are pleased to invite you to the Special Issue of the Current Oncology, titled “Clinical Advances and Progress in the Treatment of Gynecological Cancers”.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following: (a) the role of poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in the management of ovarian cancer; (b) the role of immunotherapy in the management of advanced endometrial and cervical cancers, with an emphasis on biomarkers; (c) adjuvant therapy considerations in early endometrial cancer with molecular classifications; (d) managements of rare histologic subtypes, such as uterine leiomyosarcoma, carcinoma of vulva/vagina; (e) the role of sentinel lymph node sampling in gynecological surgery; (f) the role of adaptive radiation therapy in gynecologic cancer management.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Jenny Ko
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Current Oncology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gynecological cancer
  • PARP inhibitors
  • immunotherapy
  • targeted therapy
  • sentinel lymph node sampling
  • biomarkers

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1181 KiB  
Article
Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) Is Associated with Cervical Stromal Involvement in Endometrial Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in South China
by Xite Lin, Chunxia Chen, Tingting Jiang, Jincheng Ma, Lixiang Huang, Leyi Huang, Huifang Lei, Yao Tong, Guanxiang Huang, Xiaodan Mao and Pengming Sun
Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(4), 3787-3799; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30040287 - 29 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1639
Abstract
Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a significant health issue closely associated with multiple extrahepatic cancers. The association between MAFLD and clinical outcomes of endometrial cancer (EC) remains unknown. Methods: We retrospectively included 725 EC patients between January 2012 and December [...] Read more.
Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a significant health issue closely associated with multiple extrahepatic cancers. The association between MAFLD and clinical outcomes of endometrial cancer (EC) remains unknown. Methods: We retrospectively included 725 EC patients between January 2012 and December 2020. The odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using logistic regression analyses. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used for survival analysis. Results: Among EC patients, the prevalence of MAFLD was 27.7% (201/725, 95% confidence interval (Cl) = 0.245–0.311). MAFLD was significantly associated with cervical stromal involvement (CSI) (OR = 1.974, 95% confidence interval (Cl) = 1.065–3.659, p = 0.031). There was a significant correlation between overall survival (OS) and CSI (HR = 0.31; 95%CI: 0.12–0.83; p = 0.020), while patients with MAFLD had a similar OS to those without MAFLD (p = 0.952). Moreover, MAFLD was significantly associated with CSI in the type I EC subgroup (OR = 2.092, 95% confidence interval (Cl) = 1.060–4.129, p = 0.033), but not in the type II EC subgroup (p = 0.838). Further logistic regression analysis suggested that the hepatic steatosis index (HSI) was significantly associated with CSI among type I EC patients without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (OR = 1.079, 95% confidence interval (Cl) = 1.020–1.139, p = 0.012). Conclusions: About one-quarter of our cohort had MAFLD. MAFLD was associated with the risk of CSI in EC patients, and this association existed in type I EC patients but not in type II EC patients. Furthermore, the HSI can help predict CSI in type I EC patients without T2DM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Advances and Progress in the Treatment of Gynecological Cancers)
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9 pages, 245 KiB  
Article
Oncologic Outcomes of Surgically Treated Cervical Cancer with No Residual Disease on Hysterectomy Specimen: A 4C (Canadian Cervical Cancer Collaborative) Working Group Study
by Christa Aubrey, Gregory R. Pond, Limor Helpman, Danielle Vicus, Laurie Elit, Marie Plante, Susie Lau, Janice S. Kwon, Alon D. Altman, Karla Willows, Tomer Feigenberg, Jeanelle Sabourin, Vanessa Samouelian, Laurence Bernard, Norah Cockburn, Nora-Beth Saunders, Sabrina Piedimonte, Ly-Ann Teo-Fortin, Soyoun Rachel Kim, Noor Sadeq, Ji-Hyun Jang, Sarah Shamiya and Gregg Nelsonadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(2), 1977-1985; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30020153 - 06 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2139
Abstract
Minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of macroscopic cervical cancer leads to worse oncologic outcomes than with open surgery. Preoperative conization may mitigate the risk of surgical approach. Our objective was to describe the oncologic outcomes in cases of cervical cancer initially treated [...] Read more.
Minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of macroscopic cervical cancer leads to worse oncologic outcomes than with open surgery. Preoperative conization may mitigate the risk of surgical approach. Our objective was to describe the oncologic outcomes in cases of cervical cancer initially treated with conization, and subsequently found to have no residual cervical cancer after hysterectomy performed via open and minimally invasive approaches. This was a retrospective cohort study of surgically treated cervical cancer at 11 Canadian institutions from 2007 to 2017. Cases initially treated with cervical conization and subsequent hysterectomy, with no residual disease on hysterectomy specimen were included. They were subdivided according to minimally invasive (laparoscopic/robotic (MIS) or laparoscopically assisted vaginal/vaginal hysterectomy (LVH)), or abdominal (AH). Recurrence free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Chi-square and log-rank tests were used to compare between cohorts. Within the total cohort, 238/1696 (14%) had no residual disease on hysterectomy specimen (122 MIS, 103 AH, and 13 VLH). The majority of cases in the cohort were FIGO 2018 stage IB1 (43.7%) and underwent a radical hysterectomy (81.9%). There was no statistical difference between stage, histology, and radical vs simple hysterectomy between the abdominal and minimally invasive groups. There were no significant differences in RFS (5-year: MIS/LVH 97.7%, AH 95.8%, p = 0.23) or OS (5-year: MIS/VLH 98.9%, AH 97.4%, p = 0.10), although event-rates were low. There were only two recurrences. In this large study including only patients with no residual cervical cancer on hysterectomy specimen, no significant differences in survival were seen by surgical approach. This may be due to the small number of events or due to no actual difference between the groups. Further studies are warranted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Advances and Progress in the Treatment of Gynecological Cancers)
9 pages, 586 KiB  
Article
Performance of Indocyanine Green Compared to 99mTc-Nanocolloids for Sentinel Lymph Node Detection in Early Vulvar Cancer
by Camélia Benmoulay-Rigollot, Georgia Karpathiou, Nathalie Prevot-Bitot, Mellie Heinemann, Beatrice Trombert-Paviot, Tiphaine Barjat and Céline Chauleur
Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(11), 8084-8092; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29110638 - 26 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1465
Abstract
Study objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of indocyanine green (ICG) compared to that of the gold standard 99mtechnetium (99mTc-nanocolloids) in detecting sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) in early vulvar cancer. Material and Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort study [...] Read more.
Study objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of indocyanine green (ICG) compared to that of the gold standard 99mtechnetium (99mTc-nanocolloids) in detecting sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) in early vulvar cancer. Material and Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort study comparing SLN detection by 99mTc-nanocolloids and ICG was performed in patients presenting early vulvar cancer (T1/2), with clinically negative nodes. All SLN showing a radioactive and/or fluorescent signal were resected. The primary endpoints were the sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV) and false negative (FN) rate of ICG in detecting SLN compared to 99mTc-nanocolloids. Results: Thirty patients were included and 99 SLN were identified in 43 groins. Compared to 99mTc-nanocolloids, ICG had a sensitivity of 80.8% (95% CI [72.6; 88.6%]), a PPV of 96.2% (95% CI [91.8; 100%]) and a FN rate of 19.1% in detecting SLN. Seventeen (17.1%) infiltrated (positive) SLN were identified out of the 99 SLN detected. Compared to 99mTc-nanocolloids, ICG showed a sensitivity of 82.3% (95% CI [73.1; 91.5%]), a PPV of 100% and a FN rate of 17.6% (3/17) in detecting infiltrated SLN. Conclusion: Despite its many advantages, ICG cannot be used as the sole tracer for the detection of SLN in early vulvar cancer and should be employed in conjunction with 99mTc-nanocolloids. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Advances and Progress in the Treatment of Gynecological Cancers)
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Review

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18 pages, 705 KiB  
Review
Novel Therapeutics in Ovarian Cancer: Expanding the Toolbox
by Sara Moufarrij and Roisin E. O’Cearbhaill
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(1), 97-114; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31010007 - 23 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1899
Abstract
Despite high response rates to initial therapy, most patients with ovarian cancer will ultimately recur and go on to develop resistance to standard treatments. Novel therapies have been developed to overcome drug resistance and alter the tumor immune microenvironment by targeting oncogenic pathways, [...] Read more.
Despite high response rates to initial therapy, most patients with ovarian cancer will ultimately recur and go on to develop resistance to standard treatments. Novel therapies have been developed to overcome drug resistance and alter the tumor immune microenvironment by targeting oncogenic pathways, activating the innate immune response, and enhancing drug delivery. In this review, we discuss the current and future roles of chemotherapy, targeted agents such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, bevacizumab, and mirvetuximab in the treatment of ovarian cancer. We explore the emerging role of therapeutic targets, including DNA repair pathway inhibitors and novel antibody–drug conjugates. Furthermore, we delve into the role of immunotherapeutic agents such as interleukins as well as immune-promoting agents such as oncolytic viruses and cancer vaccines. Innovative combination therapies using these agents have led to a rapidly evolving treatment landscape and promising results for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Advances and Progress in the Treatment of Gynecological Cancers)
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10 pages, 1855 KiB  
Review
The New Kid on the Block: Online Adaptive Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Gynecologic Cancers
by Allen Yen, Chenyang Shen and Kevin Albuquerque
Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(1), 865-874; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30010066 - 08 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2971
Abstract
Online adaptive radiation is a new and exciting modality of treatment for gynecologic cancers. Traditional radiation treatments deliver the same radiation plan to cancers with large margins. Improvements in imaging, technology, and artificial intelligence have made it possible to account for changes between [...] Read more.
Online adaptive radiation is a new and exciting modality of treatment for gynecologic cancers. Traditional radiation treatments deliver the same radiation plan to cancers with large margins. Improvements in imaging, technology, and artificial intelligence have made it possible to account for changes between treatments and improve the delivery of radiation. These advances can potentially lead to significant benefits in tumor coverage and normal tissue sparing. Gynecologic cancers can uniquely benefit from this technology due to the significant changes in bladder, bowel, and rectum between treatments as well as the changes in tumors commonly seen between treatments. Preliminary studies have shown that online adaptive radiation can maintain coverage of the tumor while sparing nearby organs. Given these potential benefits, numerous clinical trials are ongoing to investigate the clinical benefits of online adaptive radiotherapy. Despite the benefits, implementation of online adaptive radiotherapy requires significant clinical resources. Additionally, the timing and workflow for online adaptive radiotherapy is being optimized. In this review, we discuss the history and evolution of radiation techniques, the logistics and implementation of online adaptive radiation, and the potential benefits of online adaptive radiotherapy for gynecologic cancers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Advances and Progress in the Treatment of Gynecological Cancers)
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