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Crystals
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Photonic Crystals
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Photonic Crystals

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Inorganic Crystalline Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2014) | Viewed by 50656

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Mikhail Limonov

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Guest Editor
Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Politekhnicheskaya ul. 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
Dr. Mikhail Rybin

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Guest Editor
Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Politekhnicheskaya ul. 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
Interests: dielectric photonics; resonances; photonic crystals; metamaterials
Prof. Dr. Yuri Kivshar

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Guest Editor
Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
Interests: nonlinear optics; metamaterials; nanophotonics; topological photonics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

More than 25 years have passed after the publication of the pioneering papers of S. John and E. Yablonovich, which opened up a new and exciting field of research on artificial periodic structures for electromagnetic waves. These structures are now known as “photonic crystals”. Photonic crystals offer unprecedented control on photons and have emerged as an important new class of optical materials. More importantly, the field of photonic crystals brings together the seemingly different areas of optics and solid state physics, and exploit many important concepts known from the electron theory and condensed matter physics. Such concepts include discreteness, tight-binding approximation, Bloch states, energy bandgaps, etc. More important recent developments include the studies of disorder, topological insulators, nonlinear effects, and other types of periodic photonic structures, such as optical lattices.

This Special Issue will focus on the most recent advances in the field of photonic crystals and structured photonic materials. Topics will include, but are not limited to, recent advances in the design of novel photonic structures and photonic-crystal devices, as well as the fabrication of novel photonic micro‐ and nanostructures; studies of intrinsic and extrinsic disorder effects in the optical properties of ordered structures; nonlinear optical effects in periodic and related structures; resonant effects, such as  Fano resonance; the physics and applications of photonic-crystal waveguides, fibres, microcavities, and other photonic-crystal based integrated optics; magnetic photonic and metal‐dielectric periodic electromagnetic and plasmonic structures; and various approaches for light control in photovoltaic devices, which are based on concepts of photonic crystals.

Prof. Dr. Yuri Kivshar
Prof. Mikhail Limonov
Dr. Mikhail Rybin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • photonic crystal
  • bandgap
  • photonic structures
  • Bloch waves
  • localization
  • resonances

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

6244 KiB  
Article
Band Structure of Photonic Crystals Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization
by Mikhail V. Rybin, Ivan I. Shishkin, Kirill B. Samusev, Pavel A. Belov, Yuri S. Kivshar, Roman V. Kiyan, Boris N. Chichkov and Mikhail F. Limonov
Crystals 2015, 5(1), 61-73; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst5010061 - 13 Jan 2015
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 10335
Abstract
We study theoretically the band-gap structures of several types of three-dimensional photonic crystals with the fcc lattice symmetry: synthetic opals, inverted yablonovite and woodpile. The samples of inverted yablonovite, inverted yablonovite with a glassy superstructure and woodpile are fabricated by two-photon polymerization through [...] Read more.
We study theoretically the band-gap structures of several types of three-dimensional photonic crystals with the fcc lattice symmetry: synthetic opals, inverted yablonovite and woodpile. The samples of inverted yablonovite, inverted yablonovite with a glassy superstructure and woodpile are fabricated by two-photon polymerization through a direct laser writing technique, which allows the creation of complex three-dimensional photonic crystals with a resolution better than 100 nm. A material is polymerized along the trace of a moving laser focus, thus enabling the fabrication of any desirable three-dimensional structure by direct “recording” into the volume of a photosensitive material. The correspondence of the structures of the fabricated samples to the expected fcc lattices is confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. We discuss theoretically how the complete photonic band-gap is modified by structural and dielectric parameters. We demonstrate that the photonic properties of opal and yablonovite are opposite: the complete photonic band gap appears in the inverted opal, and direct yablonovite is absent in direct opal and inverted yablonovite. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonic Crystals)
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6548 KiB  
Article
Bloch Modes and Evanescent Modes of Photonic Crystals: Weak Form Solutions Based on Accurate Interface Triangulation
by Matthias Saba and Gerd E. Schröder-Turk
Crystals 2015, 5(1), 14-44; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst5010014 - 05 Jan 2015
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 9278
Abstract
We propose a new approach to calculate the complex photonic band structure, both purely dispersive and evanescent Bloch modes of a finite range, of arbitrary three-dimensional photonic crystals. Our method, based on a well-established plane wave expansion and the weak form solution of [...] Read more.
We propose a new approach to calculate the complex photonic band structure, both purely dispersive and evanescent Bloch modes of a finite range, of arbitrary three-dimensional photonic crystals. Our method, based on a well-established plane wave expansion and the weak form solution of Maxwell’s equations, computes the Fourier components of periodic structures composed of distinct homogeneous material domains from a triangulated mesh representation of the inter-material interfaces; this allows substantially more accurate representations of the geometry of complex photonic crystals than the conventional representation by a cubic voxel grid. Our method works for general two-phase composite materials, consisting of bi-anisotropic materials with tensor-valued dielectric and magnetic permittivities ε and μ and coupling matrices ς. We demonstrate for the Bragg mirror and a simple cubic crystal closely related to the Kelvin foam that relatively small numbers of Fourier components are sufficient to yield good convergence of the eigenvalues, making this method viable, despite its computational complexity. As an application, we use the single gyroid crystal to demonstrate that the consideration of both conventional and evanescent Bloch modes is necessary to predict the key features of the reflectance spectrum by analysis of the band structure, in particular for light incident along the cubic [111] direction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonic Crystals)
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16252 KiB  
Article
Plasmonic Photonic-Crystal Slabs: Visualization of the Bloch Surface Wave Resonance for an Ultrasensitive, Robust and Reusable Optical Biosensor
by Alexander V. Baryshev and Alexander M. Merzlikin
Crystals 2014, 4(4), 498-508; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst4040498 - 04 Dec 2014
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 6712
Abstract
A one-dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) with termination by a metal film—a plasmonic photonic-crystal slab—has been theoretically analyzed for its optical response at a variation of the dielectric permittivity of an analyte and at a condition simulating the molecular binding event. Visualization of the [...] Read more.
A one-dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) with termination by a metal film—a plasmonic photonic-crystal slab—has been theoretically analyzed for its optical response at a variation of the dielectric permittivity of an analyte and at a condition simulating the molecular binding event. Visualization of the Bloch surface wave resonance (SWR) was done with the aid of plasmon absorption in a dielectric/metal/dielectric sandwich terminating a PhC. An SWR peak in spectra of such a plasmonic photonic crystal (PPhC) slab comprising a noble or base metal layer was shown to be sensitive to a negligible variation of refractive index of a medium adjoining to the slab. As a consequence, the considered PPhC-based optical sensors exhibited an enhanced sensitivity and a good robustness in comparison with the conventional surface-plasmon and Bloch surface wave sensors. The PPhC biosensors can be of practical importance because the metal layer is protected by a capping dielectric layer from contact with analytes and, consequently, from deterioration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonic Crystals)
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754 KiB  
Article
Optical Effects Accompanying the Dynamical Bragg Diffraction in Linear 1D Photonic Crystals Based on Porous Silicon
by Anton Maydykovskiy, Vladimir Novikov, Sergey Svyakhovskiy and Tatiana Murzina
Crystals 2014, 4(4), 427-438; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst4040427 - 14 Oct 2014
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 5841
Abstract
We survey our recent results on the observation and studies of the effects accompanying the dynamical Bragg diffraction in one-dimensional photonic crystals (PhC). Contrary to the kinematic Bragg diffraction, the dynamical one considers a continuous interaction between the waves travelling within a spatially-periodic [...] Read more.
We survey our recent results on the observation and studies of the effects accompanying the dynamical Bragg diffraction in one-dimensional photonic crystals (PhC). Contrary to the kinematic Bragg diffraction, the dynamical one considers a continuous interaction between the waves travelling within a spatially-periodic structure and is the most pronounced in the so called Laue geometry, leading to a number of exciting phenomena. In the described experiments, we study the PhC based on porous silicon or porous quartz, made by the electrochemical etching of crystalline silicon with the consequent thermal annealing. Importantly, these PhC are approximately hundreds of microns thick and contain a few hundreds of periods, so that the experiments in the Laue diffraction scheme are available. We discuss the effect of the temporal splitting of femtosecond laser pulses and show that the effect is quite sensitive to the polarization and the phase of a femtosecond laser pulse. We also show the experimental realization of the Pendular effect in porous quartz PhC and demonstrate the experimental conditions for the total spatial switching of the output radiation between the transmitted and diffracted directions. All described effects are of high interest for the control over the light propagation based on PhC structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonic Crystals)
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156 KiB  
Article
Retrieval of Effective Parameters of Subwavelength Periodic Photonic Structures
by Alexey A. Orlov, Elizaveta A. Yankovskaya, Sergei V. Zhukovsky, Viktoriia E. Babicheva, Ivan V. Iorsh and Pavel A. Belov
Crystals 2014, 4(3), 417-426; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst4030417 - 17 Sep 2014
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5145
Abstract
We revisit the standard Nicolson–Ross–Weir method of effective permittivity and permeability restoration of photonic structures for the case of subwavelength metal-dielectric multilayers. We show that the direct application of the standard method yields a false zero-epsilon point and an associated spurious permeability resonance. [...] Read more.
We revisit the standard Nicolson–Ross–Weir method of effective permittivity and permeability restoration of photonic structures for the case of subwavelength metal-dielectric multilayers. We show that the direct application of the standard method yields a false zero-epsilon point and an associated spurious permeability resonance. We show how this artifact can be worked around by the use of the cycle shift operator to the periodic multilayer in question. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonic Crystals)
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679 KiB  
Article
High-Q Defect-Free 2D Photonic Crystal Cavity from Random Localised Disorder
by Kelvin Chung, Timothy J. Karle, Ranjith Rajasekharan, C. Martijn De Sterke and Snjezana Tomljenovic-Hanic
Crystals 2014, 4(3), 342-350; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst4030342 - 16 Jul 2014
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 6961
Abstract
We propose a high-Q photonic crystal cavity formed by introducing random disorder to the central region of an otherwise defect-free photonic crystal slab (PhC). Three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations determine the frequency, quality factor, Q, and modal volume, V, of the [...] Read more.
We propose a high-Q photonic crystal cavity formed by introducing random disorder to the central region of an otherwise defect-free photonic crystal slab (PhC). Three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations determine the frequency, quality factor, Q, and modal volume, V, of the localized modes formed by the disorder. Relatively large Purcell factors of 500–800 are calculated for these cavities, which can be achieved for a large range of degrees of disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonic Crystals)
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686 KiB  
Article
Combinatorial Frequency Generation in Quasi-Periodic Stacks of Nonlinear Dielectric Layers
by Oksana Shramkova and Alexander Schuchinsky
Crystals 2014, 4(3), 209-227; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst4030209 - 01 Jul 2014
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5289
Abstract
Three-wave mixing in quasi-periodic structures (QPSs) composed of nonlinear anisotropic dielectric layers, stacked in Fibonacci and Thue-Morse sequences, has been explored at illumination by a pair of pump waves with dissimilar frequencies and incidence angles. A new formulation of the nonlinear scattering problem [...] Read more.
Three-wave mixing in quasi-periodic structures (QPSs) composed of nonlinear anisotropic dielectric layers, stacked in Fibonacci and Thue-Morse sequences, has been explored at illumination by a pair of pump waves with dissimilar frequencies and incidence angles. A new formulation of the nonlinear scattering problem has enabled the QPS analysis as a perturbed periodic structure with defects. The obtained solutions have revealed the effects of stack composition and constituent layer parameters, including losses, on the properties of combinatorial frequency generation (CFG). The CFG features illustrated by the simulation results are discussed. It is demonstrated that quasi-periodic stacks can achieve a higher efficiency of CFG than regular periodic multilayers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonic Crystals)
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