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Crystals
Special Issues
Studies on the Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Alloys
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Studies on the Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Alloys

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Crystalline Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 8679

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Long Hao

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Guest Editor
Corrosion Center of Materials, Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
Interests: corrosion; steels; Sn-based solder alloys; surface coatings; oxides film; corrosion inhibitors
Dr. Xin Mu

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Guest Editor
Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
Interests: atmospheric corrosion; corrosion monitoring; weathering steels; anti-corrosion mechanism
Dr. Yang Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
Interests: inclusion; microstructure; corrosion behavior; alloy; steel
Dr. Xian Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Steels, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
Interests: high strength steels; marine corrosion; microstructure; stress corrosion cracking; coatings

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The microstructure of an alloy or substance can shape its properties, and that of corrosion behavior is always associated with the most concerns in numerous applications. For metallic alloy substrates, the phase composition, gain size and orientation, inclusion morphology and distribution, and addition of alloying elements, among others, are all factors influencing the corrosion behavior of an alloy. The microstructure of surface coatings designed for corrosion protection purposes not only determines the service life of the coating but also influences its protection performance. For organic or inorganic corrosion inhibitors, the molecular structure also plays a decisive role in affecting the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the inhibitor with respect to the target material. Therefore, studies on both improving microstructure toward developing corrosion-resistant alloys or coatings in addition to the optimization of the molecular structure of inhibitors for selection are of constant interest to researchers.

This Special Issue aims to attract original contributions on topics related to the microstructure of alloy substrates, surface coatings, and organic or inorganic inhibitors used in corrosion protection and their corrosion/inhibition behavior in the surrounding environments. Thus, it provides an opportunity for researchers to publish their latest results in the form of high-quality original research papers, methodology papers, and case reports aimed at furthering understanding on corrosion/inhibition behavior issues. Review papers relevant to the topics of the Special Issue are also welcome.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following areas:

  • Steels, aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, titanium alloys, composite materials
  • Metallic/composite surface coatings
  • Organic/inorganic corrosion inhibitors

Dr. Long Hao
Dr. Xin Mu
Dr. Yang Li
Dr. Xian Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • steels
  • aluminum alloys
  • magnesium alloys
  • titanium alloys
  • composite materials
  • metallic/composite coating
  • organic corrosion inhibitors
  • inorganic corrosion inhibitors

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1904 KiB  
Article
Study on Hot Corrosion of Low-Nickel Cladding Metals Containing Nitrogen in K2SO4-MgSO4 Binary Molten Salt
by Wen Zhang, Yunhai Su, Guiqing Zhang and Taisen Yang
Crystals 2023, 13(10), 1433; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13101433 - 27 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 655
Abstract
Molten salt is usually used as the energy storage medium for solar energy heat storage pipes, and 40wt% K2SO4 + 60wt% MgSO4 is very suitable for use as a heat storage material for solar thermal power generation in tower [...] Read more.
Molten salt is usually used as the energy storage medium for solar energy heat storage pipes, and 40wt% K2SO4 + 60wt% MgSO4 is very suitable for use as a heat storage material for solar thermal power generation in tower and butterfly parabolic systems. The demand for high-temperature thermal energy storage systems has prompted research on low-cost alloys for use in high-temperature and corrosion-resistant environments. The 44% Ni-24% Cr-0.18N nitrogen-containing low-nickel flux-cored welding wire designed in this article has a corrosion resistance of up to 900 °C after welding repair, which is better than the repair ability of Inconel 625 flux-cored welding wire. Using the high-temperature static immersion corrosion method, the corrosion behavior of two deposited metals immersed in molten salt for 60 h at 900 °C was assessed. The corrosion product phase composition, corrosion morphology, and elemental distribution of the two deposited metals were systematically studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and a Gemini SEM 300 (Zeiss thermal field scanning electron microscope). The results showed that the corrosion weight loss of the deposited metals showed the same trend at 900 °C, with corrosion occurring slowly from 0 h to 10 h and increasing after 10 h to 60 h. It was found that 10 h was the boundary point for corrosion behavior, and the corrosion resistance of the low-nickel nitrogen-containing deposited metal is better than that of the Inconel 625 deposited metal. This was because the addition of N energy elements allowed the formation of a stable composite nitride layer to suppress corrosion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on the Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Alloys)
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14 pages, 2033 KiB  
Article
Expired Glucosamine Drugs as Green Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in H2SO4 Solution and Synergistic Effect of Glucosamine Molecules with Iodide Ions: Combined Experimental and Theoretical Investigations
by Lijuan Feng, Shanshan Zhang, Yan Zhou, Rongkai Pan, Hongchen Du, Fangfang Liu and Yongqi Yang
Crystals 2023, 13(2), 205; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13020205 - 23 Jan 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2055
Abstract
Glucosamine is a natural drug widely used for treating osteoarthritis and is usually left until it expires, which will cause a waste of resources if treated as garbage. However, its molecule contains many heteroatoms, entitling it to be a potential corrosion inhibitor. In [...] Read more.
Glucosamine is a natural drug widely used for treating osteoarthritis and is usually left until it expires, which will cause a waste of resources if treated as garbage. However, its molecule contains many heteroatoms, entitling it to be a potential corrosion inhibitor. In this investigation, the corrosion inhibition activities of two types of expired glucosamine drugs (glucosamine hydrochloride and glucosamine sulfate) on carbon steel were estimated by electrochemical methods in the acidic solution. The results demonstrated that the glucosamine drugs were mixed-type corrosion inhibitors. Glucosamine hydrochloride could inhibit the carbon steel corrosion more significantly than that of sulfuric style at the same glucosamine content, suggesting a possible synergistic effect of glucosamine molecules with halide ions. Then, the co-adsorption behaviors of glucosamine sulfate with iodide ions were studied by experimental research, as well as theoretical investigations. The results indicated that the inhibition effect could be significantly enhanced when the glucosamine drug was utilized in combination with iodide ions. The electronic structures played a critical role in the synergistic inhibition of glucosamine drugs and iodide ions. Neutral molecules could interact with the metallic surface vertically through the amino and carbonyl groups, while protonated molecules were able to adsorb on it in parallel with the help of multiple functional groups. Since glucosamine molecules would be protonated and positively charged in the acidic solution, they were difficult to adsorb on the solid surface with metallic cations. When the iodide ions were presented, they preferentially adsorbed on the carbon steel surface and induced it to be negatively charged. Therefore, protonated glucosamine molecules could adsorb on the metallic surface using iodide ions as a bridge and form a protective film to mitigate the carbon steel corrosion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on the Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Alloys)
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17 pages, 5363 KiB  
Article
Microstructure, Shape Memory Effect, Chemical Composition and Corrosion Resistance Performance of Biodegradable FeMnSi-Al Alloy
by Ana-Maria Roman, Ionelia Voiculescu, Ramona Cimpoeșu, Bogdan Istrate, Romeu Chelariu, Nicanor Cimpoeșu, Georgeta Zegan, Cătălin Panaghie, Nicoleta Monica Lohan, Mihai Axinte and Alice Mirela Murariu
Crystals 2023, 13(1), 109; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13010109 - 07 Jan 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1755
Abstract
The medical applications of degradable iron-based biomaterials have been targeted by re-searchers due to their special properties that they present after alloying with various elements and different technological methods of obtaining. Compared to other biodegradable materials, iron-based alloys are designed especially for the [...] Read more.
The medical applications of degradable iron-based biomaterials have been targeted by re-searchers due to their special properties that they present after alloying with various elements and different technological methods of obtaining. Compared to other biodegradable materials, iron-based alloys are designed especially for the low production costs, the non-magnetism obtained by alloying with Mn, and the shape memory effect (SME) following the alloying with Si, which is necessary in medical applications for which it could replace nitinol successfully. Alloying with new elements could improve the mechanical properties, the degradation rate, and the transformation temperatures corresponding to the SME. This paper presents the results from the study of FeMnSi-Al alloy as a biodegradable material. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) method was used to identify the phases formed in the experimental Fe-Mn-Si-Al alloy, and the SME was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In vitro tests were performed by immersing the samples in Ringer’s biological solution for different time intervals (1, 3, and 7 days). The chemical composition of the samples, as well as the compounds resulting from the immersion tests, were evaluated by energy dispersive X-ray (EDS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for the microstructural analysis and for highlighting the surfaces subjected to contact with the electrolyte solution. The corrosion rate (CR, mm/yr.) was calculated after mass loss, sample surface area, and immersion time (h) (at 37 °C). Samples were subjected to electro-corrosion tests using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel linear and cyclic potentiometry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on the Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Alloys)
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19 pages, 5835 KiB  
Article
Multivariate Regression Analysis of the NiTi Alloys’ Surface Corrosion Depending on the Measured Oxygen Value: Tests in Three Different Marine Environments
by Nataša Kovač, Špiro Ivošević, Gyöngyi Vastag, Peter Majerič and Rebeka Rudolf
Crystals 2022, 12(2), 183; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12020183 - 26 Jan 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1727
Abstract
Actual corrosion experiments are based mainly on methodologies that measure the corrosion rate of alloys as a function of the parameters that characterise different external influences and the specific environment in which the alloys are placed. Corrosive processes are viewed as complex stochastic [...] Read more.
Actual corrosion experiments are based mainly on methodologies that measure the corrosion rate of alloys as a function of the parameters that characterise different external influences and the specific environment in which the alloys are placed. Corrosive processes are viewed as complex stochastic processes described by linear and nonlinear probabilistic models. In contrast to these common ways of analysing corrosive processes, this paper investigates the corrosion process in terms of chemical changes in the alloys’ surface compositions. For this purpose, two NiTi Shape Memory Alloys obtained by different technological production processes were tested, followed by an analysis of the empirical data obtained in a real experiment that included monitoring the corrosion behaviour. Both the analysed alloys were exposed to three different types of marine environment: air, tide, and sea. Data were collected continuously after 6, 12 and 18 months of samples’ exposure to the marine environmental influences. A total of six empirical databases were formed, one for each of the observed NiTi alloys in each of the three observed environments. The empirical databases systematised the data related to the measurements of the surface chemical composition obtained using Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Focused Ion Beam (FIB) analyses. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the correlation between the corrosion depth and the percentage of oxygen in the sample surfaces as well as to determine the similarities and differences in the corrosive behaviour of the two observed alloys in different marine environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on the Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Alloys)
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Review

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25 pages, 14223 KiB  
Review
Research Progress of Organic Corrosion Inhibitors in Metal Corrosion Protection
by Wenwen Zhao, Feixiang Li, Xianghong Lv, Jianxiu Chang, Sicong Shen, Pan Dai, Yuan Xia and Zhongyue Cao
Crystals 2023, 13(9), 1329; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13091329 - 30 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1609
Abstract
Metal materials are vulnerable to corrosion in the process of production and service, which often leads to serious disasters, including the decline of the performance of metal components and the shortened service life, and even causes catastrophic accidents and ecological damage. Adding a [...] Read more.
Metal materials are vulnerable to corrosion in the process of production and service, which often leads to serious disasters, including the decline of the performance of metal components and the shortened service life, and even causes catastrophic accidents and ecological damage. Adding a certain amount of corrosion inhibitors (CIs) to the corrosive medium is a simple, efficient, and economical anti-corrosion method to slow down and restrain the corrosion of metal materials. Organic corrosion inhibitors (OCIs) are considered to have good application prospects and are widely used for surface anti-corrosion of metal materials, as they generally have advantages such as good metal adsorption, low oxidation resistance, good thermal and chemical stability, and green environmental protection. This paper systematically summarized some major OCIs, including alkyl chains, imidazoles, and pyridines, and their structural characteristics, as well as the action mechanism of OCIs. Moreover, this paper discusses some natural compounds used as environmentally friendly CIs and provides a prospect for the development trend of OCIs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on the Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Alloys)
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