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Special Issue "Recently Research on Eutectic Alloy Materials"

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A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Crystalline Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2023 | Viewed by 2754

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Dr. Yixuan He

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Guest Editor

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
Interests: metallurgy and material preparation under strong magnetic field; rapid solidification; melt structure transition; eutectic alloys

Dr. Tianxiang Zheng

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Guest Editor

State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steels, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
Interests: high magnetic field; alloy solidification; electromagnetic processing of materials; X-ray tomography

Dr. Zongye Ding

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Guest Editor

School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
Interests: solidification process; synchrotron radiation X-ray imaging

Dr. Jianbao Zhang

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Guest Editor

State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
Interests: eutectic alloys; multi-principal element alloys; non-equilibrium rapid solidification

Dr. Fan Bu

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Guest Editor

State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
Interests: non-equilibrium rapid solidification; liquid–liquid structural transition; multi-principal element alloys

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Eutectic alloys have always been an important structural material in engineering due to their unique self-composite microstructures and excellent casting performances. The mechanical properties of the material depend on its solidification microstructure characteristics; consequently, the solidification behavior study of microstructure evolution and anomalous eutectic and eutectic colony structure formations in undercooled binary eutectic melts have attracted considerable interest for some decades. An undercooled rapid solidification study also plays an important role in clarifying grain refinement mechanisms and developing a solidification theoretical model of eutectic alloys. Conventional eutectic alloys are composed of one or two main elements, and their performances are mainly improved by adding a small amount of other elements. In recent years, eutectic high-entropy alloys composed of multiple main elements have rapidly become a new research hotspot. The development of eutectic high-entropy alloys is without the restriction of single-phase alloys and binary eutectic alloys, which cannot have a high strength and high plasticity at the same time, providing broad development ideas for the design of new structural material systems. Since then, a series of eutectic high-entropy alloys with a high strength, high plasticity and high thermal stability have been designed and developed under the action of many unique effects, such as the sluggish diffusion of high-entropy alloys. Studies have shown that eutectic alloys with micro-sized grains exhibit a superplastic strain; therefore, eutectic refinement methods and mechanisms are always an important field worthy of further study. With the development of laser-additive manufacturing and other preparation technologies, it also provides a new way to prepare refined nano-eutectic and develop new complex eutectic alloys. It should be noted that there are still significant challenges to clarify the physical metallurgy mechanism of multi-principal element alloys and develop complex eutectic alloys on demand. Therefore, the design and preparation of controllable high-strength and good-plasticity eutectic alloys will remain the focus of future research on structural materials.

Dr. Yixuan He
Dr. Tianxiang Zheng
Dr. Zongye Ding
Dr. Jianbao Zhang
Dr. Fan Bu
Guest Editors

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Keywords

eutectic alloys
rapid solidification
anomalous eutectic alloys
dendrite eutectic alloys
nano-eutectic alloys
eutectic high-entropy alloys

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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Open AccessArticle

Magnetic Field-Dependent Microstructure Evolution of Solidified Co_39.2Ni_39.2Al_21.6 Eutectic Medium-Entropy Alloy

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Crystals 2023, 13(4), 573; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13040573 - 28 Mar 2023

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Abstract

A (Fe, Cr)-free Co_39.2Ni_39.2Al_21.6 eutectic medium-entropy alloy (EMEA) was designed and fabricated to study the microstructure and its evolution during slow solidification under different intensities of high static magnetic field (0 T, 5 T and 10 T). It was found that the original microstructure was characterized by FCC/BCC mixed herringbone eutectics consisting of two types of lamellar structures: a curved and wormy anomalous eutectic in the fringe, and a straight and long regular eutectic in the center. Nano-sized L1₀-type martensite layers are also distributed on the BCC lamellar as the martensitic transformation product. The FCC and BCC phases were enriched in Co and Al elements, respectively, while Ni element was distributed homogenously in both phases. With increasing magnetic field intensity, the herringbone eutectic structures remained stable, without the formation of a primary phase, while the phase constitution and the orientation relationships in the eutectic structures remained unchanged, with no obvious magnetically induced alignments. However, the lamellar spacing of the regular lamellar eutectic decreased significantly from 3.3 μm (0 T) to 1.93 μm (10 T); by contrast, the volume fraction of the anomalous eutectics increased considerably from 28.35% (0 T) to 55.14% (10 T), and the assumption that the imposed convection and destabilization of lamellar eutectics is controlled by the magnetic field is discussed in depth. Our results show a great potential for tailoring microstructures and properties by applying a strong magnetic field during the solidification process of EMEAs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recently Research on Eutectic Alloy Materials)

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Open AccessArticle

Using First-Principles Calculations to Investigate the Interfacial Properties of Ni(100)/Ni₃Al(100) Eutectic Structures

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Crystals 2023, 13(2), 199; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13020199 - 22 Jan 2023

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Abstract

In this paper, the interfacial stabilities of six different stacking interface configurations of Ni(100)/Ni₃Al(100) eutectic structures with AlNi termination and Ni termination are calculated by using first-principles methods. The calculated adhesion work and interface energy indicate that the “Center” site stacking interface configurations are more stable than the “Top” and “Bridge” site stacking interface models. The partial density of states (PDOS) and the charge density difference confirm that the bonding characteristic of the Ni-terminated “Center” site stacking interface of the Ni(100)/Ni₃Al(100) eutectic structure is metallic, while the bond at the AlNi-terminated “Center” site interface is a combination of covalent and metallic bonds. A comprehensive analysis of the interface energy, PDOS and charge density difference confirms that the AlNi-terminated “Center” site stacking interface configuration of the Ni(100)/Ni₃Al(100) eutectic structure is the most stable eutectic interface model. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recently Research on Eutectic Alloy Materials)

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Open AccessArticle

Formation and Morphological Transition of Diversified Eutectic Structures in Ag-Based Brazing Filler Metals with Sn Addition

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Crystals 2023, 13(1), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13010068 - 31 Dec 2022

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Abstract

Eutectic structures in Ag-based brazing filler metals play an important role in improving the properties of alloys and brazed joints. The typical microstructures and morphological evolution of Ag-Cu eutectic structures in Ag-based brazing filler metals solidified at various cooling rates and with the addition of different Sn contents were investigated. The formation mechanisms of anomalous eutectic structure (AES) and the morphological transition from lamellar eutectic structure (LES) to AES were elucidated. The microstructures in alloys solidified at a slow cooling rate and with low Sn content consisted of the full AES, which was attributed to the remelting of the LES during recalescence. Increasing the Sn content and cooling rate promoted the formation of developed Ag dendrite, eutectic dendrite with branches, and AES with large dimensions. The AES in rapidly solidified filler metals with a high Sn content was ascribed to the decomposition of the Ag-rich dendrite skeleton and the growth of Cu-rich between the ternary dendrite arms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recently Research on Eutectic Alloy Materials)

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Review

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Open AccessReview

Review on Eutectic-Type Alloys Solidified under Static Magnetic Field

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Crystals 2023, 13(6), 891; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13060891 - 29 May 2023

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Abstract

Processing metallic alloys under a static magnetic field (SMF) has garnered significant attention over the past few decades. SMFs can influence both the thermodynamics and kinetics of the solidification process by introducing extra force and energy. Eutectic-type alloys (ETAs) are commonly used as research materials under SMFs due to their featured microstructures. This review aims to present theoretical and experimental results regarding ETAs under SMFs, from post-analysis to in situ observation, to demonstrate the effects of magnetic phenomena such as magnetic braking, thermoelectric magnetic convection, magnetic gradient force, and magnetic energy on the thermodynamics and kinetics of microstructural evolution. In this paper, we adopt a hybrid approach between a review and an overview to comprehensively examine the effect of SMFs on the solidification process. Firstly, we provided a concise review of the historical research on the SMF’s impact on solidification in the literature. Next, we elucidated the basic physical principles of an SMF in material processing, followed by an introduction of numerous laboratory and industrial experiments that have utilized SMFs. Finally, we summarized the effects of SMFs on solidification in the past and provide insights into future research directions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recently Research on Eutectic Alloy Materials)

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