Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
3.6
2.7
Journals
Crystals
Special Issues
Analysis of Hydrogen Bonds in Crystals
share announcement

Analysis of Hydrogen Bonds in Crystals

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Crystal Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2016) | Viewed by 115252

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Sławomir Grabowski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072, 20080 Donostia, Spain
Interests: hydrogen bond; lewis acid–Lewis base interactions; atoms in molecules theory; ab initio calculations
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There is no doubt that the hydrogen bond is one of the most-often analyzed interactions, and there is also no doubt that experimental studies, especially those based on the determination of crystal structures are very important since they deliver valuable information on the nature of this interaction, on different types of the hydrogen bonds, and also on reactions where a hydrogen bond may be treated as the preliminary step.

Since the role of the analysis of crystal structures for investigations concerning hydrogen-bonded systems is valuable, the Editorial Board of Crystals, thus, decided to devote a Special Issue of the journal to the analysis of hydrogen bonds in crystals.

As Guest Editor I invite all Colleagues who work on hydrogen bonds in crystal structures to contribute to this issue. Topics relating to issues, such as comparison of different interactions (halogen, pnicogen, and others) with hydrogen bonding, as well as a comparison of crystal structure motifs with theoretical calculations, are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Sławomir J. Grabowski
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Hydrogen bond
  • Crystal structure
  • Crystal engineering
  • Hydrogen bond motifs in crystal structures

Published Papers (18 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Editorial

Jump to: Research

940 KiB  
Editorial
Analysis of Hydrogen Bonds in Crystals
by Sławomir J. Grabowski
Crystals 2016, 6(5), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst6050059 - 17 May 2016
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 7910
Abstract
The determination of crystal structures provides important information on the geometry of species constituting crystals and on the symmetry relations between them. Additionally, the analysis of crystal structures is so conclusive that it allows us to understand the nature of various interactions. The [...] Read more.
The determination of crystal structures provides important information on the geometry of species constituting crystals and on the symmetry relations between them. Additionally, the analysis of crystal structures is so conclusive that it allows us to understand the nature of various interactions. The hydrogen bond interaction plays a crucial role in crystal engineering and, in general, its important role in numerous chemical, physical and bio-chemical processes was the subject of various studies. That is why numerous important findings on the nature of hydrogen bonds concern crystal structures. This special issue presents studies on hydrogen bonds in crystals, and specific compounds and specific H-bonded patterns existing in crystals are analyzed. However, the characteristics of the H-bond interactions are not only analyzed theoretically; this interaction is compared with other ones that steer the arrangement of molecules in crystals, for example halogen, tetrel or pnicogen bonds. More general findings concerning the influence of the hydrogen bond on the physicochemical properties of matter are also presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Hydrogen Bonds in Crystals)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Research

Jump to: Editorial

2051 KiB  
Article
Comparisons between Crystallography Data and Theoretical Parameters and the Formation of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds: Benznidazole
by Boaz G. Oliveira, Edilson B. Alencar Filho and Mário L. A. A. Vasconcellos
Crystals 2016, 6(5), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst6050056 - 12 May 2016
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4423
Abstract
The conformational preferences of benznidazole were examined through the application of DFT, PCM and QTAIM calculations, whose results were compared with crystallography data. The geometries were fully optimized with minimum potential energy surface by means of the Relaxed Potential Energy Surface Scan (RPESS) [...] Read more.
The conformational preferences of benznidazole were examined through the application of DFT, PCM and QTAIM calculations, whose results were compared with crystallography data. The geometries were fully optimized with minimum potential energy surface by means of the Relaxed Potential Energy Surface Scan (RPESS) at AM1, followed by the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) theoretical level. As a result, the s-cis conformation (1C) was shown to be more stable (4.78 kcal∙mol−1) than s-trans (1T). The Quantum Theory Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) was applied in order to characterize the (N–H∙∙∙O=N) and (C–H∙∙∙=N) intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The simulation of solvent effect performed by means of the implicit Polarized Continuum Model (PCM) revealed great results, such as, for instance, that the conformation 1W is more stable (23.17 kcal∙mol−1) in comparison to 1C. Our main goal was stressed in the topological description of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in light of the QTAIM approach, as well as in the solvent simulation to accurately obtain an important conformation of benznidazole. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Hydrogen Bonds in Crystals)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

4383 KiB  
Article
The Hydrogen Bonded Structures of Two 5-Bromobarbituric Acids and Analysis of Unequal C5–X and C5–X′ Bond Lengths (X = X′ = F, Cl, Br or Me) in 5,5-Disubstituted Barbituric Acids
by Thomas Gelbrich, Doris E. Braun, Stefan Oberparleiter, Herwig Schottenberger and Ulrich J. Griesser
Crystals 2016, 6(4), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst6040047 - 22 Apr 2016
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5260
Abstract
The crystal structure of the methanol hemisolvate of 5,5-dibromobarbituric acid (1MH) displays an H-bonded layer structure which is based on N–H∙∙∙O=C, N–H∙∙∙O(MeOH) and (MeOH)O–H∙∙∙O interactions. The barbiturate molecules form an H-bonded substructure which has the fes topology. 5,5′-Methanediylbis(5-bromobarbituric acid) 2, obtained from a [...] Read more.
The crystal structure of the methanol hemisolvate of 5,5-dibromobarbituric acid (1MH) displays an H-bonded layer structure which is based on N–H∙∙∙O=C, N–H∙∙∙O(MeOH) and (MeOH)O–H∙∙∙O interactions. The barbiturate molecules form an H-bonded substructure which has the fes topology. 5,5′-Methanediylbis(5-bromobarbituric acid) 2, obtained from a solution of 5,5-dibromobarbituric acid in nitromethane, displays a N–H···O=C bonded framework of the sxd type. The conformation of the pyridmidine ring and the lengths of the ring substituent bonds C5–X and C5–X′ in crystal forms of 5,5-dibromobarbituric acid and three closely related analogues (X = X′ = Br, Cl, F, Me) have been investigated. In each case, a conformation close to a C5-endo envelope is correlated with a significant lengthening of the axial C5–X′ in comparison to the equatorial C5–X bond. Isolated molecule geometry optimizations at different levels of theory confirm that the C5-endo envelope is the global conformational energy minimum of 5,5-dihalogenbarbituric acids. The relative lengthening of the axial bond is therefore interpreted as an inherent feature of the preferred envelope conformation of the pyrimidine ring, which minimizes repulsive interactions between the axial substituent and pyrimidine ring atoms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Hydrogen Bonds in Crystals)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

1935 KiB  
Article
The Role of Hydrogen Bond in Designing Molecular Optical Materials
by Leonardo H. R. Dos Santos and Piero Macchi
Crystals 2016, 6(4), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst6040043 - 13 Apr 2016
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 5306
Abstract
In this perspective article, we revise some of the empirical and semi-empirical strategies for predicting how hydrogen bonding affects molecular and atomic polarizabilities in aggregates. We use p-nitroaniline and hydrated oxalic acid as working examples to illustrate the enhancement of donor and [...] Read more.
In this perspective article, we revise some of the empirical and semi-empirical strategies for predicting how hydrogen bonding affects molecular and atomic polarizabilities in aggregates. We use p-nitroaniline and hydrated oxalic acid as working examples to illustrate the enhancement of donor and acceptor functional-group polarizabilities and their anisotropy. This is significant for the evaluation of electrical susceptibilities in crystals; and the properties derived from them like the refractive indices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Hydrogen Bonds in Crystals)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

4214 KiB  
Article
Isomorphous Crystals from Diynes and Bromodiynes Involved in Hydrogen and Halogen Bonds
by Pierre Baillargeon, Édouard Caron-Duval, Émilie Pellerin, Simon Gagné and Yves L. Dory
Crystals 2016, 6(4), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst6040037 - 02 Apr 2016
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 7267
Abstract
Isomorphous crystals of two diacetylene derivatives with carbamate functionality (BocNH-CH2-diyne-X, where X = H or Br) have been obtained. The main feature of these structures is the original 2D arrangement (as supramolecular sheets or walls) in which the H bond and [...] Read more.
Isomorphous crystals of two diacetylene derivatives with carbamate functionality (BocNH-CH2-diyne-X, where X = H or Br) have been obtained. The main feature of these structures is the original 2D arrangement (as supramolecular sheets or walls) in which the H bond and halogen bond have a prominent effect on the whole architecture. The two diacetylene compounds harbor neighboring carbamate (Boc protected amine) and conjugated alkyne functionalities. They differ only by the nature of the atom located at the penultimate position of the diyne moiety, either a hydrogen atom or a bromine atom. Both of them adopt very similar 2D wall organizations with antiparallel carbamates (as in antiparallel beta pleated sheets). Additional weak interactions inside the same walls between molecular bricks are H bond interactions (diyne-H···O=C) or halogen bond interactions (diyne-Br···O=C), respectively. Based on crystallographic atom coordinates, DFT (B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p)) and DFT (M06-2X/6-31++G(d,p)) calculations were performed on these isostructural crystals to gain insight into the intermolecular interactions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Hydrogen Bonds in Crystals)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

2622 KiB  
Article
Very Strong Parallel Interactions Between Two Saturated Acyclic Groups Closed with Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds Forming Hydrogen-Bridged Rings
by Jelena P. Blagojević, Goran V. Janjić and Snežana D. Zarić
Crystals 2016, 6(4), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst6040034 - 31 Mar 2016
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4780
Abstract
Saturated acyclic four-atom groups closed with a classic intramolecular hydrogen bond, generating planar five-membered rings (hydrogen-bridged quasi-rings), in which at least one of the ring atoms is bonded to other non-ring atoms that are not in the ring plane and, thus, capable to [...] Read more.
Saturated acyclic four-atom groups closed with a classic intramolecular hydrogen bond, generating planar five-membered rings (hydrogen-bridged quasi-rings), in which at least one of the ring atoms is bonded to other non-ring atoms that are not in the ring plane and, thus, capable to form intermolecular interactions, were studied in this work, in order to find the preferred mutual positions of these species in crystals and evaluate strength of intermolecular interactions. We studied parallel interactions of these rings by analysing crystal structures in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) and by quantum chemical calculations. The rings can have one hydrogen atom out of the ring plane that can form hydrogen bonds between two parallel rings. Hence, in these systems with parallel rings, two types of hydrogen bonds can be present, one in the ring, and the other one between two parallel rings. The CSD search showed that 27% of the rings in the crystal structures form parallel interactions. The calculations at very accurate CCSD(T)/CBS level revealed strong interactions, in model systems of thiosemicarbazide, semicarbazide and glycolamide dimers the energies are −9.68, −7.12 and −4.25 kcal/mol. The hydrogen bonds between rings, as well as dispersion interactions contribute to the strong interaction energies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Hydrogen Bonds in Crystals)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

6633 KiB  
Article
Theoretical Studies on Hydrogen Bonds in Anions Encapsulated by an Azamacrocyclic Receptor
by Jing Wang, Jiande Gu, Md. Alamgir Hossain and Jerzy Leszczynski
Crystals 2016, 6(3), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst6030031 - 22 Mar 2016
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4225
Abstract
Hydrogen bonds in two halides encapsulated by an azamacrocyclic receptor were studied in detail by the density functional theory (DFT) approaches at B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) and M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) levels. The atoms in molecules (AIM) theory and the electron density difference maps were applied for characterizing the [...] Read more.
Hydrogen bonds in two halides encapsulated by an azamacrocyclic receptor were studied in detail by the density functional theory (DFT) approaches at B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) and M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) levels. The atoms in molecules (AIM) theory and the electron density difference maps were applied for characterizing the hydrogen bond patterns. The results suggest that the fluoride complex has a unique binding pattern which shows a hydrogen bond augmented with ionic bond characteristics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Hydrogen Bonds in Crystals)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

4118 KiB  
Article
Effect of Intra- and Intermolecular Interactions on the Properties of para-Substituted Nitrobenzene Derivatives
by Halina Szatylowicz, Olga A. Stasyuk, Célia Fonseca Guerra and Tadeusz M. Krygowski
Crystals 2016, 6(3), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst6030029 - 18 Mar 2016
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 6504
Abstract
To study the influence of intra- and intermolecular interactions on properties of the nitro group in para-substituted nitrobenzene derivatives, two sources of data were used: (i) Cambridge Structural Database and (ii) quantum chemistry modeling. In the latter case, “pure” intramolecular interactions were [...] Read more.
To study the influence of intra- and intermolecular interactions on properties of the nitro group in para-substituted nitrobenzene derivatives, two sources of data were used: (i) Cambridge Structural Database and (ii) quantum chemistry modeling. In the latter case, “pure” intramolecular interactions were simulated by gradual rotation of the nitro group in para-nitroaniline, whereas H-bond formation at the amino group allowed the intermolecular interactions to be accounted for. BLYP functional with dispersion correction and TZ2P basis set (ADF program) were used to perform all calculations. It was found that properties of the nitro group dramatically depend on both its orientation with respect to the benzene ring as well as on the substituent in the para-position. The nitro group lies in the plane of the benzene ring for only a small number of molecules, whereas the mean value of the twist angle is 7.3 deg, mostly due to intermolecular interactions in the crystals. This distortion from planarity and the nature of para-substituent influence the aromaticity of the ring (described by HOMA index) and properties of the nitro group due to electronic effects. The results obtained by QM calculations fully coincide with observations found for the data set of crystal structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Hydrogen Bonds in Crystals)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

8164 KiB  
Article
Non-Covalent Interactions in Hydrogen Storage Materials LiN(CH3)2BH3 and KN(CH3)2BH3
by Filip Sagan, Radosław Filas and Mariusz P. Mitoraj
Crystals 2016, 6(3), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst6030028 - 18 Mar 2016
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 7891
Abstract
In the present work, an in-depth, qualitative and quantitative description of non-covalent interactions in the hydrogen storage materials LiN(CH3)2BH3 and KN(CH3)2BH3 was performed by means of the charge and energy decomposition method (ETS-NOCV) [...] Read more.
In the present work, an in-depth, qualitative and quantitative description of non-covalent interactions in the hydrogen storage materials LiN(CH3)2BH3 and KN(CH3)2BH3 was performed by means of the charge and energy decomposition method (ETS-NOCV) as well as the Interacting Quantum Atoms (IQA) approach. It was determined that both crystals are stabilized by electrostatically dominated intra- and intermolecular M∙∙∙H–B interactions (M = Li, K). For LiN(CH3)2BH3 the intramolecular charge transfer appeared (B–H→Li) to be more pronounced compared with the corresponding intermolecular contribution. We clarified for the first time, based on the ETS-NOCV and IQA methods, that homopolar BH∙∙∙HB interactions in LiN(CH3)2BH3 can be considered as destabilizing (due to the dominance of repulsion caused by negatively charged borane units), despite the fact that some charge delocalization within BH∙∙∙HB contacts is enforced (which explains H∙∙∙H bond critical points found from the QTAIM method). Interestingly, quite similar (to BH∙∙∙HB) intermolecular homopolar dihydrogen bonds CH∙∙∙HC appared to significantly stabilize both crystals—the ETS-NOCV scheme allowed us to conclude that CH∙∙∙HC interactions are dispersion dominated, however, the electrostatic and σ/σ*(C–H) charge transfer contributions are also important. These interactions appeared to be more pronounced in KN(CH3)2BH3 compared with LiN(CH3)2BH3. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Hydrogen Bonds in Crystals)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

3460 KiB  
Article
RCH3···O Interactions in Biological Systems: Are They Trifurcated H-Bonds or Noncovalent Carbon Bonds?
by Antonio Bauzá and Antonio Frontera
Crystals 2016, 6(3), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst6030026 - 17 Mar 2016
Cited by 66 | Viewed by 7272
Abstract
In this manuscript, we combine high-level ab initio calculations on some model systems (XCH3 σ-hole/H-bond donors) and a Protein Data Bank (PDB) survey to distinguish between trifurcated H-bonds and noncovalent carbon bonds in XCH3···O complexes (X = any atom or [...] Read more.
In this manuscript, we combine high-level ab initio calculations on some model systems (XCH3 σ-hole/H-bond donors) and a Protein Data Bank (PDB) survey to distinguish between trifurcated H-bonds and noncovalent carbon bonds in XCH3···O complexes (X = any atom or group). Recently, it has been demonstrated both experimentally and theoretically the importance of noncovalent carbon bonds in the solid state. When an electron-rich atom interacts with a methyl group, the role of the methyl group is commonly viewed as a weak H-bond donor. However, if the electron-rich atom is located equidistant from the three H atoms, the directionality of each individual H-bond in the trifurcated binding mode is poor. Therefore, the XCH3···O interaction could be also defined as a tetrel bond (C···O interaction). In this manuscript, we shed light into this matter and demonstrate the importance of XCH3···O noncovalent carbon bonding interactions in two relevant protein-substrate complexes retrieved from the PDB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Hydrogen Bonds in Crystals)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

1520 KiB  
Communication
A Cadmium Anionic 1-D Coordination Polymer {[Cd(H2O)6][Cd2(atr)2(μ2-btc)2(H2O)4] 2H2O}n within a 3-D Supramolecular Charge-Assisted Hydrogen-Bonded and π-Stacking Network
by Anas Tahli, Ümit Köc, Reda F. M. Elshaarawy, Anna Christin Kautz and Christoph Janiak
Crystals 2016, 6(3), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst6030023 - 02 Mar 2016
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5910
Abstract
The hydrothermal reaction of 4,4′-bis(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl) (btr) and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (H3btc) with Cd(OAc)2·2H2O at 125 °C in situ forms 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole (atr) from btr, which crystallizes to a mixed-ligand, poly-anionic chain of [Cd2(atr)2(µ2-btc) [...] Read more.
The hydrothermal reaction of 4,4′-bis(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl) (btr) and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (H3btc) with Cd(OAc)2·2H2O at 125 °C in situ forms 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole (atr) from btr, which crystallizes to a mixed-ligand, poly-anionic chain of [Cd2(atr)2(µ2-btc)2(H2O)4]2–. Together with a hexaaquacadmium(II) cation and water molecules the anionic coordination-polymeric forms a 3-D supramolecular network of hexaaquacadmium(II)-catena-[bis(4-amino-1,2,4-triazole)tetraaquabis(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylato)dicadmate(II)] dihydrate, 1-D-{[Cd(H2O)6][Cd2(atr)2(µ2-btc)2(H2O)4] 2H2O}n which is based on hydrogen bonds (in part charge-assisted) and π–π interactions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Hydrogen Bonds in Crystals)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

1980 KiB  
Article
Charge-Assisted Hydrogen-Bonded Networks of NH4+ and [Co(NH3)6]3+ with the New Linker Anion of 4-Phosphono-Biphenyl-4′-Carboxylic Acid
by Christian Heering, Bahareh Nateghi and Christoph Janiak
Crystals 2016, 6(3), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst6030022 - 24 Feb 2016
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 9154
Abstract
The new linker molecule 4-phosphono-biphenyl-4′-carboxylic acid (H2O3P-(C6H4)2-COOH, H3BPPA) has been structurally elucidated in hydrogen-bonded networks with the ammonium cation NH4(H2BPPA)(H3BPPA) (1) and the [...] Read more.
The new linker molecule 4-phosphono-biphenyl-4′-carboxylic acid (H2O3P-(C6H4)2-COOH, H3BPPA) has been structurally elucidated in hydrogen-bonded networks with the ammonium cation NH4(H2BPPA)(H3BPPA) (1) and the hexaamminecobalt(III) cation [Co(NH3)6](BPPA)·4H2O (2). The protic O-H and N-H hydrogen atoms were found and refined in the low-temperature single-crystal X-ray structures. The hydrogen bonds in both structures are so-called charge-assisted; that is, the H-bond donor and/or acceptor carry positive and/or negative ionic charges, respectively. The H-bonded network in 1 consists of one formally mono-deprotonated 4-phosphonato-biphenyl-4′-carboxylic acid group; that is, a H2BPPA− anion and a neutral H3BPPA molecule, which together form a 3D hydrogen-bonded network. However, an almost symmetric resonance-assisted hydrogen bond (RAHB) bond [O···H = 1.17 (3) and 1.26 (3) Å, O···H···O = 180 (3)°] signals charge delocalization between the formal H2BPPA− anion and the formally neutral H3BPPA molecule. Hence, the anion in 1 is better formulated as [H2BPPA···H···H2BPPA]−. In the H-bonded network of 2 the 4-phosphonato-biphenyl-4′-carboxylic acid is triply deprotonated, BPPA3−. The [Co(NH3)6]3+ cation is embedded between H-bond acceptor groups, –COO− and –PO3− and H2O molecules. The incorporation of sixteen H2O molecules per unit cell makes 2 an analogue of the well-studied guanidinium sulfonate frameworks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Hydrogen Bonds in Crystals)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

1502 KiB  
Article
H2XP:OH2 Complexes: Hydrogen vs. Pnicogen Bonds
by Ibon Alkorta, Janet E. Del Bene and Jose Elguero
Crystals 2016, 6(2), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst6020019 - 02 Feb 2016
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 5514
Abstract
A search of the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) was carried out for phosphine-water and arsine-water complexes in which water is either the proton donor in hydrogen-bonded complexes, or the electron-pair donor in pnicogen-bonded complexes. The range of experimental P-O distances in the phosphine [...] Read more.
A search of the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) was carried out for phosphine-water and arsine-water complexes in which water is either the proton donor in hydrogen-bonded complexes, or the electron-pair donor in pnicogen-bonded complexes. The range of experimental P-O distances in the phosphine complexes is consistent with the results of ab initio MP2/aug’-cc-pVTZ calculations carried out on complexes H2XP:OH2, for X = NC, F, Cl, CN, OH, CCH, H, and CH3. Only hydrogen-bonded complexes are found on the H2(CH3)P:HOH and H3P:HOH potential surfaces, while only pnicogen-bonded complexes exist on H2(NC)P:OH2, H2FP:OH2, H2(CN)P:OH2, and H2(OH)P:OH2 surfaces. Both hydrogen-bonded and pnicogen-bonded complexes are found on the H2ClP:OH2 and H2(CCH)P:OH2 surfaces, with the pnicogen-bonded complexes more stable than the corresponding hydrogen-bonded complexes. The more electronegative substituents prefer to form pnicogen-bonded complexes, while the more electropositive substituents form hydrogen-bonded complexes. The H2XP:OH2 complexes are characterized in terms of their structures, binding energies, charge-transfer energies, and spin-spin coupling constants 2hJ(O-P), 1hJ(H-P), and 1J(O-H) across hydrogen bonds, and 1pJ(P-O) across pnicogen bonds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Hydrogen Bonds in Crystals)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

1380 KiB  
Article
Constructor Graphs as Useful Tools for the Classification of Hydrogen Bonded Solids: The Case Study of the Cationic (Dimethylphosphoryl)methanaminium (dpmaH+) Tecton
by Guido J. Reiss
Crystals 2016, 6(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst6010006 - 31 Dec 2015
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 5482
Abstract
The structural chemistry of a series of dpmaH (dpmaH = (dimethylphosphoryl)methanaminium) salts has been investigated using constructor graph representations to visualize structural dependencies, covering the majority of known dpmaH salts. It is shown that the structurally related α-aminomethylphosphinic acid [...] Read more.
The structural chemistry of a series of dpmaH (dpmaH = (dimethylphosphoryl)methanaminium) salts has been investigated using constructor graph representations to visualize structural dependencies, covering the majority of known dpmaH salts. It is shown that the structurally related α-aminomethylphosphinic acid can be integrated in the systematology of the dpmaH salts. Those dpmaH salts with counter anions that are weak hydrogen bond acceptors (ClO4−, SnCl62−, IrCl62−,I−) tend to form head-to-tail hydrogen bonded moieties purely consisting of dpmaH+ cations as the primarily structural motif. In structures with weak to very weak hydrogen bonds between the dpmaH+ cations and the counter anions, the anions fill the gaps in the structures. In salts with medium to strong hydrogen bond acceptor counter ions (Cl−, NO3−, PdCl42−), the predominant structural motif is a double head-to-tail hydrogen bonded (dpmaH+)2 dimer. These dimeric units form further NH···X hydrogen bonds to neighboring counter anions X, which results in one-dimensional and two-dimensional architectures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Hydrogen Bonds in Crystals)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

2403 KiB  
Article
[FHF]−—The Strongest Hydrogen Bond under the Influence of External Interactions
by Sławomir J. Grabowski
Crystals 2016, 6(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst6010003 - 25 Dec 2015
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 7639
Abstract
A search through the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) for crystal structures containing the [FHF]− anion was carried out. Forty five hydrogen bifluoride structures were found mainly with the H-atom moved from the mid-point of the F…F distance. However several [FHF]− systems [...] Read more.
A search through the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) for crystal structures containing the [FHF]− anion was carried out. Forty five hydrogen bifluoride structures were found mainly with the H-atom moved from the mid-point of the F…F distance. However several [FHF]− systems characterized by D∞h symmetry were found, the same as this anion possesses in the gas phase. The analysis of CSD results as well as the analysis of results of ab initio calculations on the complexes of [FHF]− with Lewis acid moieties show that the movement of the H-atom from the central position depends on the strength of interaction of this anion with external species. The analysis of the electron charge density distribution in complexes of [FHF]− was performed with the use of the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) approach and the Natural Bond Orbitals (NBO) method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Hydrogen Bonds in Crystals)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

2460 KiB  
Article
Structural Elucidation of α-Cyclodextrin-Succinic Acid Pseudo Dodecahydrate: Expanding the Packing Types of α-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes
by Sofiane Saouane and Francesca P. A. Fabbiani
Crystals 2016, 6(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst6010002 - 24 Dec 2015
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 8606
Abstract
This paper reports a new packing type of α-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes, obtained here with succinic acid under low-temperature crystallization conditions. The structure of the 1:1 complex is characterized by heavy disorder of the guest, the solvent, and part of the host. The crystal [...] Read more.
This paper reports a new packing type of α-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes, obtained here with succinic acid under low-temperature crystallization conditions. The structure of the 1:1 complex is characterized by heavy disorder of the guest, the solvent, and part of the host. The crystal packing belongs to the known channel-type structure; the basic structural unit is composed of cyclodextrin trimers, as opposed to the known isolated molecular or dimeric constructs, packed along the c-axis. Each trimer is made of crystallographically independent molecules assembled in a stacked vase-like cluster. A multi-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals the presence of dynamic disorder. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Hydrogen Bonds in Crystals)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

785 KiB  
Article
Diffusivity and Mobility of Adsorbed Water Layers at TiO2 Rutile and Anatase Interfaces
by Niall J. English
Crystals 2016, 6(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst6010001 - 22 Dec 2015
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4701
Abstract
Molecular-dynamics simulations have been carried out to study diffusion of water molecules adsorbed to anatase-(101) and rutile-(110) interfaces at room temperature (300 K). The mean squared displacement (MSD) of the adsorbed water layers were determined to estimate self-diffusivity therein, and the mobility of [...] Read more.
Molecular-dynamics simulations have been carried out to study diffusion of water molecules adsorbed to anatase-(101) and rutile-(110) interfaces at room temperature (300 K). The mean squared displacement (MSD) of the adsorbed water layers were determined to estimate self-diffusivity therein, and the mobility of these various layers was gauged in terms of the “swopping” of water molecules between them. Diffusivity was substantially higher within the adsorbed monolayer at the anatase-(101) surface, whilst the anatase-(101) surface’s more open access facilitates easier contact of adsorbed water molecules with those beyond the first layer, increasing the level of dynamical inter-layer exchange and mobility of the various layers. It is hypothesised that enhanced ease of access of water to the anatase-(101) surface helps to rationalise experimental observations of its comparatively greater photo-activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Hydrogen Bonds in Crystals)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

853 KiB  
Article
Dissection of the Factors Affecting Formation of a CH∙∙∙O H-Bond. A Case Study
by Steve Scheiner
Crystals 2015, 5(3), 327-345; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst5030327 - 25 Aug 2015
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 5293
Abstract
Quantum calculations are used to examine how various constituent components of a large molecule contribute to the formation of an internal CH∙∙∙O H-bond. Such a bond is present in the interaction between two amide units, connected together by a series of functional groups. [...] Read more.
Quantum calculations are used to examine how various constituent components of a large molecule contribute to the formation of an internal CH∙∙∙O H-bond. Such a bond is present in the interaction between two amide units, connected together by a series of functional groups. Each group is removed one at a time, so as to monitor the effect of each upon the H-bond, and thereby learn the bare essentials that are necessary for its formation, as well as how its presence affects the overall molecular structure. Also studied is the perturbation caused by change in the length of the aliphatic chain connecting the two amide groups. The energy of the CH∙∙∙O H-bond is calculated directly, as is the rigidity of the entire molecular framework. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Hydrogen Bonds in Crystals)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-18
Back to TopTop