Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Perennial Crops

A special issue of Crops (ISSN 2673-7655).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 August 2023) | Viewed by 4913

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
CIRAD, UPR Bioagresseurs, 34398 Montpellier, France
Interests: plant epidemiology; quantitative genetics; biostatistics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pests and diseases reduce crop productivity, compromise sustainability and affect product quality. They are of particular importance in perennial crops as the damage they cause is often cumulative. Sustainable pest management methods must be sought, especially since the duration of the exploitation of these crops, generally several decades, leads to sanitary situations that are often very degraded. The use of pesticides and biocides is a major financial burden for small farmers and generally leads to negative environmental effects; the development of control strategies that reduce their impact on the environment and on product quality has become an important issue in our societies.

The objective of this Special Issue is to review the latest scientific advances in sustainable pest and disease management, mainly in perennial crops. In particular, the present paper examines how to combine environmental modifications and genetic improvements for better resistance from the perspective of sustainable agriculture. These scientific questions become particularly important in the context of climate change, which modifies the biological balance between crops and their enemies.

The mechanistic modeling of epidemics versus statistical modeling.

The impact of climate change on the "pests and diseases" x "crops" balance.

  • Review articles providing a historical overview of disease and pest management.
  • Articles addressing the pest and disease dispersal phenomena at the plot and territorial levels.
  • The importance of cropping systems and, in particular, multi-species approaches, such as agroforestry, on pest pressures.
  • How to build sustainable resistance and how to manage it to avoid circumvention.

Prof. Dr. Christian Cilas
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • pest and disease management
  • epidemiology
  • modeling
  • genetic–environment interaction
  • sustainable cropping system

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 791 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Diverse Sorghum for Leaf Dhurrin Content and Post-Anthesis (Stay-Green) Drought Tolerance
by Chad Hayes, Yves Emendack, Jacobo Sanchez, John Burke, N. Ace Pugh, Zhanguo Xin and William Rooney
Crops 2023, 3(3), 241-250; https://doi.org/10.3390/crops3030022 - 21 Sep 2023
Viewed by 867
Abstract
Post-flowering drought tolerance (stay-green) in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an important agronomic trait in many arid and semiarid environments throughout the world. Stay-green has been associated with increased grain yields, as well as resistance to lodging and charcoal rot [...] Read more.
Post-flowering drought tolerance (stay-green) in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an important agronomic trait in many arid and semiarid environments throughout the world. Stay-green has been associated with increased grain yields, as well as resistance to lodging and charcoal rot disease. Nonetheless, the relative effects of genotype, environment, and genotype × environment interactions are not well understood for this trait; similarly, the relationship between various leaf sugars and stay-green has not been sufficiently evaluated in diverse germplasm. Thus, the goals of this study were to determine the genotype, environment, and genotype by environment (GxE) effects for leaf dhurrin, sugars, and stay-green in ten diverse grain sorghum breeding lines, to evaluate the Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) between these traits, and to determine entry-mean repeatability (R) for each of these traits. Of the compositional traits studied, we determined that leaf dhurrin had the highest correlation with the stay-green phenotypes (r = −0.62). We found that stay-green sorghum lines contained approximately 2–3 times as much dhurrin as non-stay-green lines, with B1778 containing the highest concentration of dhurrin (84.8 µg/cm2) and Tx7000 containing the least (20.9 µg/cm2). The differences between the environments for several of the traits were high, and all the traits examined had high repeatability (R = 0.89–0.92). These data demonstrate a relationship between leaf dhurrin and the stay-green phenotypes in sorghum, and further study will allow researchers to determine the causal effect that dhurrin has on post-flowering drought tolerance in sorghum. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Perennial Crops)
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13 pages, 1661 KiB  
Article
Spatial Distribution of Citrus Pseudocercospora Leaf and Fruit Spot Disease and Shade Effect on Disease Intensity
by E. G. D. Ndo, E. Akoutou Mvondo, F. Bella Manga, L. Bidzanga Nomo and C. Cilas
Crops 2023, 3(1), 11-23; https://doi.org/10.3390/crops3010002 - 06 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1790
Abstract
Adapting agricultural systems to face persistent environmental hazards is at the center of global concerns. In line with this, understanding and highlighting the structural characteristics of agroforestry systems could strengthen their resilience in terms of disease management. This study was conducted to evaluate [...] Read more.
Adapting agricultural systems to face persistent environmental hazards is at the center of global concerns. In line with this, understanding and highlighting the structural characteristics of agroforestry systems could strengthen their resilience in terms of disease management. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of shade on the intensity of citrus leaf and fruit spot disease caused by Pseudocercospora (PLFSD). Investigations to assess the effects of shade components on the incidence of PLFSD were carried out on 15-year-old tangerine trees in a cocoa-based agroforestry plot (Bokito) during four fruits seasons. Tangerines under the shade of large forest trees were compared to others located under full sunlight. A complementary experiment was conducted on young grapefruit plants in an orchard with mango and avocado groves in Foumbot. Three shading conditions, i.e., under avocado trees, under mango trees, and without shade, were explored. Data on shade and PLFSD incidence were collected and analyzed. Our findings show that PLFSD incidence was null on tangerine leaves from trees under shade compared to those under full sunlight. The same trends were observed in fruits under shade and under full sunlight. Disease incidence on grapefruit leaves was lower on trees under shade compared to those under full sunlight. In short, shade trees appear to constitute potential physical barriers to disease progression. This study also highlights disease spatial distribution as beyond 12 m of distance between neighboring trees, no spatial dependence of disease spread was observed. Management actions based on the distance between citrus trees and regulating shade are envisaged. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Perennial Crops)
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11 pages, 8448 KiB  
Article
Mating Competition between Wild and Artificially Reared Olive Fruit Flies
by Anastasia Terzidou, Dimitrios Koveos and Nikos Kouloussis
Crops 2022, 2(3), 247-257; https://doi.org/10.3390/crops2030018 - 14 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1542
Abstract
Mating success of artificially reared males of the olive fruit fly is essential for genetic control techniques for this pest. We studied the mating competition between males from a laboratory-adapted population reared with an artificial diet and wild males emerged from field-infested olives [...] Read more.
Mating success of artificially reared males of the olive fruit fly is essential for genetic control techniques for this pest. We studied the mating competition between males from a laboratory-adapted population reared with an artificial diet and wild males emerged from field-infested olives and grown in olives in the laboratory. We maintained virgin wild females or artificially reared females in cages together with virgin wild and artificially reared males and scored the percentages of different males in the mated pairs, mating latency, and mating duration. After mating, we determined the egg production and the size of spermathecae of females mated with different males. Our results indicate that artificially reared males are competitive to the wild males, and they mated in similar percentages with wild and artificially reared females. Mean mating latencies (SE) of wild females that mated with wild and artificially reared males were 69.8 (4.8) min (n = 39) and 114.6 (8.1) (n = 43) min, respectively. No difference was discovered in the mating duration or egg production between females that mated with a wild or artificially reared male. Wild females had higher spermathecae volume when they mated with wild males compared to artificially reared males (two-tailed t-test = −2.079, df = 54, p = 0.0423). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Perennial Crops)
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