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Coatings
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Functional Coatings for Metallic and Ceramic Materials
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Functional Coatings for Metallic and Ceramic Materials

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Ceramic Coatings and Engineering Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2022) | Viewed by 15969

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Michael Zinigrad

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Materials Research Center, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
Interests: materials science and materials engineering, mathematical modeling and simulation; founded the research laboratory for advanced materials investigations; theoretical and experimental investigations on high-temperature processes; development of new materials based on mathematical modeling of physicochemical and technological processes; plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coatings on aluminum and magnesium alloys created in aqueous solution and molten salt electrolytes; solid oxide fuel cell investigation; metal alloys strengthening by nanoparticles; ink-jet printed thin layers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Alexey Kossenko

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
Interests: Creation and investigation metalic and ceramic coating; Material Characterization; Solid oxide fuel cell investigation; Electron beam and Arc melting; X-ray diffraction

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Coatings are used today in many areas of human activity. Moreover, if traditionally it was believed that the main areas of their application are protected against corrosion and giving decorative properties to various materials, then recently, the functions of coatings have expanded significantly. 

Heat-resistant and wear-resistant coatings on metals and alloys based on iron, aluminum, and other metals are widely used in the industry. The creation of new materials with unique properties also requires the development of useful coatings for the physical protection of these materials and to impart unique functional properties to products made from them. 

In addition to metallic materials, there is a wide range of ceramic and glassy materials, the performance of which requires functional coatings to be applied to their surfaces.

These are, for example, antireflective coatings for glasses or radars, thin films on the surface of parts of fuel and solar cells, and many other multi-functional coatings.

In some cases, there is a need to create coatings with special functions: superhydrophobic, highly conductive, insulating, antibacterial, and other coatings. 

One of the urgent tasks associated with the spread of dangerous viral infections is creating coatings resistant to various viruses. 

Naturally, the presence of such a wide range of functional coatings requires various methods of their application, such as mechanical coating, various spraying methods, electrochemical and electrolytic methods, hardening surfacing, 3D printing, and others. Each of them must provide the required functional qualities of the coating: its inertness to the environment, the necessary mechanical and physical properties of bulk of the coating, and high adhesion to the substrate.

In this Special Issue, it is planned to publish articles, including, but not limited to the analysis of the following tasks:

  • theoretical studies of the physicochemical features and the mechanism of formation of the structure and properties of the metal, ceramic, polymer, and other coatings
  • development of mathematical models predicting the structure and properties of coatings
  • experimental studies of the processes of formation of functional coatings with different properties 
  • study of the structure and properties of coatings 
  • The improvement of existing, and the development of new effective methods of coating.

Prof. Dr. Michael Zinigrad
Dr. Alexey Kossenko
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metals and alloys
  • ceramic materials
  • functional coating
  • mechanism of formation of the coatings

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 6878 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Fracture Toughness of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidized Al2O3-ZrO2 Coatings Utilizing Nano-Scratch Technique
by Mehri Hashemzadeh, Frank Simchen, Lisa Winter and Thomas Lampke
Coatings 2023, 13(4), 799; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13040799 - 20 Apr 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1569
Abstract
Al2O3 coatings, which can be produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) on aluminum substrates, provide an excellent protection against corrosion and wear. However, due to the brittle nature of the oxide ceramic, the fracture toughness is limited. One approach to [...] Read more.
Al2O3 coatings, which can be produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) on aluminum substrates, provide an excellent protection against corrosion and wear. However, due to the brittle nature of the oxide ceramic, the fracture toughness is limited. One approach to enhance the tolerance to fracture is the incorporation of ZrO2 to form zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA). In addition to its use as a bulk material, the application as a coating material enables a broader field of application. In this study, an Al2O3-ZrO2 composite coating was applied on a 6082 aluminum alloy using an aluminate-phosphate-based electrolytic solution containing a Zr-based salt. Polarization measurement as an indicator of the passivability of a given system revealed that Zr-based salt improves the passivation of the aluminum alloy. The coatings’ characteristics were evaluated by SEM, EDS, and XRD. ZrO2 incorporated into alumina as a metastable high-temperature modification led to a thicker coating with new morphologies including lamellar and dendritic structures. Nano-indentation showed that the incorporated Zr increase the average hardness of the compact layer from 16 GPa to 18 GPa. The fracture toughness of the coatings was investigated locally with nano-scratches applied on the compact outer layer of the coatings’ cross-sections. The Zr-containing electrolytic solution resulted in a coating with significantly higher fracture toughness (6.9 MPa∙m1/2) in comparison with the Zr-free electrolytic solution (4.6 MPa∙m1/2). Therefore, it is shown, that the PEO process stabilized a high-temperature allotrope of zirconia at room temperature without the need for rare-earth dopants such as Y2O3. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the nano-scratch method is a suitable and accurate technique for the investigation of the fracture toughness of coatings with inherent cracks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Coatings for Metallic and Ceramic Materials)
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12 pages, 5961 KiB  
Article
Aluminum Electrodeposition on the Surface of Boron Carbide Ceramics by Use EMIC–AlCl3 Ions Liquid
by Roujia Gou, Jae-Hyeok Park, Seiji Yamashita, Takeshi Hagio, Ryoichi Ichino and Hideki Kita
Coatings 2022, 12(10), 1535; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12101535 - 13 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2008
Abstract
Coating technology is decisively important for metallization of ceramic materials and ceramic metal sealing technology. Previous studies have shown that the network-like structure after penetration of molten aluminum can significantly improve the strength of joint components. However, the direct aluminum coating method is [...] Read more.
Coating technology is decisively important for metallization of ceramic materials and ceramic metal sealing technology. Previous studies have shown that the network-like structure after penetration of molten aluminum can significantly improve the strength of joint components. However, the direct aluminum coating method is limited by the shape of the substrate. To obtain a dense aluminum film on the surface of B4C, in this study, aluminum was deposited by pulse electroplating in EMIC–AlCl3 ionic liquid. The deposited metals were observed and analyzed by SEM–EDS and XRD. A Vickers hardness tester was adopted as an auxiliary equipment to clarify the film quality. The results show that frequency and duty cycle have significant effects on crystal orientation. The content of oxides in the contact gap reduces the bonding strength of the deposited metal, which provides experimental basis for metal electrodeposition on B4C. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Coatings for Metallic and Ceramic Materials)
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12 pages, 7197 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Adding Sodium Carbonate on the Electrical Conductivity of Aluminum Paste
by Shunke Liu, Xiaoyun Zhu and Jinming Long
Coatings 2021, 11(12), 1557; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11121557 - 18 Dec 2021
Viewed by 2479
Abstract
Base metal pastes have been widely used in the preparation of ZnO varistor electrodes, and it is important to accurately grasp the relevant mechanisms affecting the conductivity of aluminum electrodes. In this paper, the effect of adding sodium carbonate on the conductive property [...] Read more.
Base metal pastes have been widely used in the preparation of ZnO varistor electrodes, and it is important to accurately grasp the relevant mechanisms affecting the conductivity of aluminum electrodes. In this paper, the effect of adding sodium carbonate on the conductive property of aluminum paste was assessed, and the microscopic mechanism during aluminum electrode sintering explored. The results show that adding sodium carbonate can reduce the softening point of glass powder and enhance its fluidity. Sodium carbonate, glass, and aluminum oxide film react together; consequently, the aluminum oxide film is partially dissolved by reaction to produce defects, and there is tight contact at the interface between the aluminum powder particles. The sodium ions will displace the aluminum ions in the alumina, conferring the alumina film with a certain ionic conductivity. At the same time, sodium ions are doped into the aluminum lattice, which causes the aluminum lattice to swell. After sintering, the structure of aluminum electrode is compact and its electrical conductivity is significantly improved. This study is a valuable reference for the theoretical research and the potential applications of aluminum paste. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Coatings for Metallic and Ceramic Materials)
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16 pages, 5920 KiB  
Article
New Strategy for Creating TiO2 Thin Films with Embedded Au Nanoparticles
by Sofia Rubtsov, Albina Musin, Michael Zinigrad, Alexander Kalashnikov and Viktor Danchuk
Coatings 2021, 11(12), 1525; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11121525 - 10 Dec 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1943
Abstract
This paper proposes a new strategy for producing thin films of TiO2 with embedded gold nanoparticles (TiO2/AuNP). One of the main tasks was the synthesis of a stable dispersion of TiO2 and gold nanoparticles in an aqueous solution of [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a new strategy for producing thin films of TiO2 with embedded gold nanoparticles (TiO2/AuNP). One of the main tasks was the synthesis of a stable dispersion of TiO2 and gold nanoparticles in an aqueous solution of ethylene glycol, suitable for inkjet printing—ink with complex gold nanoparticles (AuCNP ink). The AuCNP were synthesized by a reduction from tetrachloroauric acid in the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles and ethylene glycol (EG). The final formation of TiO2/AuNP films occurred during the annealing of AuCNP layers, inkjet printed on a glass substrate. The TiO2/AuNP films demonstrate absorbance in the yellow-green range due to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and are promising for solar cell application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Coatings for Metallic and Ceramic Materials)
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11 pages, 3309 KiB  
Article
Validation of Antibacterial Systems for Sustainable Ceramic Tiles
by Valeria La Torre, Elisa Rambaldi, Giulia Masi, Silvia Nici, Daniele Ghezzi, Martina Cappelletti and Maria Chiara Bignozzi
Coatings 2021, 11(11), 1409; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111409 - 19 Nov 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2617
Abstract
Ceramic tiles are bacteriostatic materials; however, the COVID-19 emergency has pushed tile producers to improve surfaces’ antibacterial properties. The aim of this work was to validate a silver-based antibacterial treatment applied to porcelain stoneware tiles based on natural and waste materials, thus correlating [...] Read more.
Ceramic tiles are bacteriostatic materials; however, the COVID-19 emergency has pushed tile producers to improve surfaces’ antibacterial properties. The aim of this work was to validate a silver-based antibacterial treatment applied to porcelain stoneware tiles based on natural and waste materials, thus correlating surface functionalization to tile composition and relevant physical, microstructural, and textural parameters. The treatment was applied before firing, with and without a polymeric primer. Antibacterial activity tests, stain resistance tests, and contact angle measurements were carried out on fired tiles. Further investigations were made by SEM and optical profilometry in order to study the morphological–structural profile of tile surfaces. Results showed strong antibacterial activities for all the functionalized tiles, which were mainly correlated to the morphological and textural parameters of ceramic surfaces, as well as the presence of the polymeric primer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Coatings for Metallic and Ceramic Materials)
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12 pages, 5432 KiB  
Article
Highly Conductive Mn-Co Spinel Powder Prepared by Cu-Doping Used for Interconnect Protection of SOFC
by Zhou Jiang, Kui Wen, Chen Song, Taikai Liu, Yong Dong, Min Liu, Changguang Deng, Chunming Deng and Chenghao Yang
Coatings 2021, 11(11), 1298; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111298 - 26 Oct 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1950
Abstract
Mn-Co Spinel is considered as one of the most promising materials for the interconnect protection of solid oxide fuel cells; however, its conductivity is too low to maintain a high cell performance as compared with cathode materials. Element doping is an effective method [...] Read more.
Mn-Co Spinel is considered as one of the most promising materials for the interconnect protection of solid oxide fuel cells; however, its conductivity is too low to maintain a high cell performance as compared with cathode materials. Element doping is an effective method to improve the spinel conductivity. In this work, we proposed doping Mn-Co spinel powder with Cu via a solid phase reaction. CuδMn1.5−xCo1.5−yO4 with δ = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and x + y = δ was obtained. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) were used to evaluate the Cu-doping effect. After sintering at 1000 °C for 12 h, the yield exhibited the best crystallinity, density, and element distribution, with a phase composition of MnCo2O4/CuxMn3−xO4 (x = 1, 1.2, 1.4 or 1.5). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to semi-quantitatively characterize the content changes in element valence states. The areal fraction of Mn2+ and Co3+ was found to decrease when the sintering duration increased, which was attributed to the decomposition of the MnCo2O4 phase. Finally, coatings were prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying with doped spinel powders and the raw powder Mn1.5Co1.5O4. It was found that Cu doping can effectively increase the conductivity of Mn-Co spinel coatings from 23 S/cm to 51 S/cm. Although the dopant Cu was found to be enriched on the surface of the coatings after the conductivity measurement, which restrained the doping effect, Cu doping remains a convenient method to significantly promote the conductivity of spinel coatings for SOFC applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Coatings for Metallic and Ceramic Materials)
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7 pages, 1755 KiB  
Article
Surface Heterostructure of Aluminum with Carbon Nanotubes Obtained by Laser-Oriented Deposition
by Natalia Kamanina, Konstantin Borodianskiy and Dmitry Kvashnin
Coatings 2021, 11(6), 674; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11060674 - 02 Jun 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2335
Abstract
Al is one of the most widely applicable metallic materials due to its advanced properties. However, its main drawback is its strength, which is relatively low compared to ferrous alloys. This issue may be resolved using different approaches. In the present work, a [...] Read more.
Al is one of the most widely applicable metallic materials due to its advanced properties. However, its main drawback is its strength, which is relatively low compared to ferrous alloys. This issue may be resolved using different approaches. In the present work, a heterostructure of Al substrate with a modified surface with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was studied. This heterostructure was obtained using the laser-oriented deposition technique. The obtained results showed a slight reduction in the reflectivity of the obtained Al substrate with embedded CNTs compared to pure Al. Additionally, the obtained surface heterostructure showed enhancement in microhardness and higher hydrophobicity. Simulation of the CNT embedding process revealed that CNT penetration strongly depends on the diameter. Hence, the penetration increases when the diameter decreases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Coatings for Metallic and Ceramic Materials)
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