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Bio-Based Packaging Films: Development, Characterization, and Application
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Bio-Based Packaging Films: Development, Characterization, and Application

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Coatings for Food Technology and System".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 December 2023) | Viewed by 14381

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Siti Hajar Othman

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Associate Professor, Head, Laboratory of Nanomaterials Processing and Technology, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
2. Associate Professor, Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
Interests: bio-based packaging material; active packaging; biocomposite; bionanocomposite; food packaging engineering; nanomaterials and nanotechnology
Dr. Intan Syafinaz Mohamed Amin Tawakkal

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
Interests: food packaging; biopolymers and biocomposites; edible films and coatings; natural fiber; (lignocellulosic); active and smart packaging; food shelf life

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Packaging materials contribute most to the total amount of solid waste. The majority of materials used in packaging are non-degradable materials such as plastic made from petroleum, which do not meet the increasing societal demands for sustainability and environmental safety. Non-sustainable and non-degradable packaging materials will take a long time to degrade or decompose, thus increasing the amount of municipal solid waste and leading to land and water pollution. The amount of municipal solid waste will continue to grow, and this situation will lead to global warming whereby increasing amounts of municipal solid waste encourages the formation of greenhouse gas. To overcome this problem, alternative packaging materials must be found.

Relatively new alternative food packaging materials are bio-based films, such as those made from biopolymers, which are biodegradable and thus decompose in a shorter time than conventional packaging materials. Studies regarding the development, characterization, and application of bio-based packaging films can help to reduce the environmental problems resulting from the usage and disposal of non-degradable packaging materials and ensure sustainability.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Novel bio-based packaging films;
  • Bio-based packaging films produced using different processes, including (but not limited to) extrusion, the solvent casting method, hot pressing, etc.;
  • The characterization of bio-based packaging films, including (but not limited to) mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties, etc.;
  • The degradation of bio-based packaging films;
  • The application of bio-based packaging films, including (but not limited to) food packaging, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, etc.;
  • Active and intelligent bio-based packaging films;
  • The migration of compounds from bio-based packaging films;
  • Understanding the mechanisms of property improvement and the application of bio-based packaging films;
  • Computer simulation studies related to bio-based packaging films.

We look forward to receiving your contributions!

Dr. Siti Hajar Othman
Dr. Intan Syafinaz Mohamed Amin Tawakkal
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • novel bio-based packaging films
  • characterization of packaging films
  • application of packaging films
  • active packaging films
  • intelligent packaging films

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 4607 KiB  
Article
Effect of Native Mucilage on the Mechanical Properties of Pectin-Based and Alginate-Based Polymeric Films
by Brandon Van Rooyen, Maryna De Wit, Gernot Osthoff, Johan Van Niekerk and Arno Hugo
Coatings 2023, 13(9), 1611; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13091611 - 14 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 884
Abstract
Although the benefits of polymeric blend films have been well-established, mucilages’ interaction with other commercial bio-based polymers remains greatly unknown. Pectin and alginate were used to develop such polymeric blend films, with the addition of both ‘Algerian’ and ‘Morado’ cultivar freeze-dried, native mucilage [...] Read more.
Although the benefits of polymeric blend films have been well-established, mucilages’ interaction with other commercial bio-based polymers remains greatly unknown. Pectin and alginate were used to develop such polymeric blend films, with the addition of both ‘Algerian’ and ‘Morado’ cultivar freeze-dried, native mucilage precipitate. Mucilage additions at 0.25% and 1% (w/w), together with glycerol at 60% (w/w), influenced the mechanical properties of the 5% (w/w) pectin–mucilage and 5% (w/w) alginate–mucilage blend films differently. ‘Morado’ mucilage positively influenced the pectin film tensile strength (TS) and puncture force (PF) measurements, increasing the overall film strength compared to the homopolymeric pectin films. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) treatment and increasing mucilage concentration further enhanced the composite pectin–mucilage film strength. Contrasting results were obtained for alginate blend films compared to those of pectin. Studying the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the microstructures of CaCl2-treated pectin–mucilage and alginate–mucilage films confirmed superior microstructural film networks for pectin–mucilage films, which resulted in enhanced film strength, where the lack of polymer compatibility, as seen with alginate–mucilage, resulted in decreased film strength. These results indicate that native mucilage should be considered when developing such blend polymeric films, as it has the potential to enhance the films’ strength and elasticity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bio-Based Packaging Films: Development, Characterization, and Application)
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16 pages, 3035 KiB  
Article
Biodegradability of Starch Nanocomposite Films Containing Different Concentrations of Chitosan Nanoparticles in Compost and Planting Soils
by Siti Hajar Othman, Nur Diana Arisya Ronzi, Ruzanna Ahmad Shapi’i, Mao Dun, Siti Hajar Ariffin and Mohd Afandi P. Mohammed
Coatings 2023, 13(4), 777; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13040777 - 17 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1569
Abstract
Starch-based nanocomposite films containing chitosan nanoparticles (S/CNP films) are biodegradable and promising alternatives for non-biodegradable synthetic plastics. Nonetheless, limited work has been conducted to investigate the biodegradability of the films in soil. Thus, this work is aimed at investigating the biodegradation of starch-based [...] Read more.
Starch-based nanocomposite films containing chitosan nanoparticles (S/CNP films) are biodegradable and promising alternatives for non-biodegradable synthetic plastics. Nonetheless, limited work has been conducted to investigate the biodegradability of the films in soil. Thus, this work is aimed at investigating the biodegradation of starch-based films containing different concentrations of CNP (0, 10, 15, 20, 25% w/w solid starch) via a soil burial test using compost and planting soils. The biodegradability was investigated in terms of weight loss, visual appearance, morphology, and structural changes. It was found that S/CNP films biodegraded slower than neat starch films, and the degradation rate was reduced by 46 and 44% in compost and planting soils, respectively, with the increase in the concentrations of CNP from 10 to 25% w/w incorporated into the films. The degradation rate of films in compost soil after 8 days was found to be higher (0.0617 g/day) than in planting soil (0.0266 g/day). Visual appearance, morphology, and structural change results also supported these findings. The biodegradable S/CNP films can be used to reduce the usage of synthetic plastic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bio-Based Packaging Films: Development, Characterization, and Application)
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15 pages, 7853 KiB  
Article
Distinctive Effects of Surface Roughness and Ions Release on the Bacterial Adhesion and Inactivation of Textured Copper Oxide Surfaces
by Akram Alhussein, Lylia Aouchiche, Abdelhamid Hmima, Delphine Retraint and Sami Rtimi
Coatings 2023, 13(2), 454; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13020454 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1489
Abstract
In this manuscript, we studied the effect of additive manufacturing pretreatment on bacterial adhesion and inactivation on copper-based interfaces. Sandblasting, mirror polishing and Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT) at high or low energies have been employed to modify the substrate’s (316L stainless steel) [...] Read more.
In this manuscript, we studied the effect of additive manufacturing pretreatment on bacterial adhesion and inactivation on copper-based interfaces. Sandblasting, mirror polishing and Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT) at high or low energies have been employed to modify the substrate’s (316L stainless steel) roughness. The pretreated substrates were coated with thin copper films using magnetron sputtering. The thin copper films’ composition and antibacterial activities were first optimized by being deposited on an Si wafer. We showed that the surface roughness profile influenced bacterial adhesion in the dark. Bacterial inactivation was monitored under indoor light. Stereomicroscopy imaging showed live/dead bacterial cells on the coated substrates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed homogeneous coating growths of copper with a columnar texture. The chemical composition of the deposited Cu thin films was carried out by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and showed a uniform distribution of copper and oxygen, revealing the formation of copper oxides (CuxO). The oxygen content of the sputtered films varied from 7.8 to 25%, justifying the semi-conductor behavior of the thin films under indoor light. The crystallographic structure of the sputtered thin films was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), showing the cubic Cu peaks and characteristic peaks of Cu2O. The Cu peaks at 2θ values of 43.28°, 50.40° and 74.81° were attributed to the (111), (200) and (220) planes, respectively. The use of genetically modified bacteria (without porins) allowed the rationalization of the predominant effect of the extracellular bacterial inactivation compared to that of intracellular bacterial inactivation through ion release and diffusion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bio-Based Packaging Films: Development, Characterization, and Application)
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Review

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19 pages, 630 KiB  
Review
Biodegradable Packaging Materials for Foods Preservation: Sources, Advantages, Limitations, and Future Perspectives
by Andreas Panou and Ioannis Konstantinos Karabagias
Coatings 2023, 13(7), 1176; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13071176 - 29 Jun 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 5794
Abstract
Biodegradable packaging materials generally comprise a solution to the environmental problem caused by the consecutive use of conventional packaging materials (petroleum-based materials) even though these have a high cost. The monomers resulting from the slow degradation of petroleum-based materials contribute to the pollution [...] Read more.
Biodegradable packaging materials generally comprise a solution to the environmental problem caused by the consecutive use of conventional packaging materials (petroleum-based materials) even though these have a high cost. The monomers resulting from the slow degradation of petroleum-based materials contribute to the pollution of the environment. Biodegradable packaging materials distinguished by high biodegradability and biocompatibility can successfully replace the aforementioned packaging materials and thus solve the environmental problems caused by their use or deposition. Although several of the biodegradable packaging materials present defective properties, mainly mechanical and barrier properties, these are reduced or even eliminated by the addition of various improving additives and by blending them with other biopolymers. Various natural preservatives such as essential oils or other phytochemical extracts can also be incorporated into the biopolymer network to increase its efficacy. This treatment is particularly beneficial since it contributes to the increasing of the shelf life and storability of packaged foods such as fruits, vegetables, dairy products, meat and its products, poultry, and fish. For all the above reasons, the preferences of consumers and the critical thinking/decisions of the food product manufacturing industries in favor of the potential use of biodegradable packaging materials in foods are increasing more and more. In this context, the present review article addresses the most recently used biodegradable packaging materials for foods preservation by presenting their sources, advantages, limitations, and future perspectives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bio-Based Packaging Films: Development, Characterization, and Application)
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29 pages, 4262 KiB  
Review
Magnetron Sputtering of Transition Metal Nitride Thin Films for Environmental Remediation
by Linda Aissani, Akram Alhussein, Abdul Wasy Zia, Gcina Mamba and Sami Rtimi
Coatings 2022, 12(11), 1746; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12111746 - 14 Nov 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4251
Abstract
The current economic and ecological situation encourages the use of steel to push the technological limits and offer more cost-effective products. The enhancement of steel properties like wear, corrosion, and oxidation resistance is achieved by the addition of small amounts of chemical elements [...] Read more.
The current economic and ecological situation encourages the use of steel to push the technological limits and offer more cost-effective products. The enhancement of steel properties like wear, corrosion, and oxidation resistance is achieved by the addition of small amounts of chemical elements such as Cr, Ni, Si, N, etc. The steel surface can be protected by different treatments such as heating and coating, among others. For many decades, coatings have been an effective solution to protect materials using thin hard films. Several technologies for thin film deposition have been developed. However, some of them are restricted to certain fields because of their complex operating conditions. In addition, some deposition techniques cannot be applied to a large substrate surface type. The magnetron sputtering deposition process is a good option to overcome these challenges and can be used with different substrates of varying sizes with specific growth modes and for a wide range of applications. In this review article, we present the sputtering mechanism and film growth modes and focus on the mechanical and tribological behavior of nitride thin films deposited by the magnetron sputtering technique as a function of process conditions, particularly bias voltage and nitrogen percentage. The biomedical properties of transition metal nitride coatings are also presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bio-Based Packaging Films: Development, Characterization, and Application)
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