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Special Issue "Novel Green Pavement Materials and Coatings"

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A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Surface Characterization, Deposition and Modification".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2023 | Viewed by 8634

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Fang Xu

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
Interests: cement concrete; cement composites; ecological building materials; solid waste recycling; pavement recycling; coating and repair materials; pavement performance evaluation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Tao Sun

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Guest Editor

State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Interests: high-performance cement-based composite materials ecological architectural materials; engineering application of cement-based materials

Prof. Dr. Tao Bai

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Guest Editor

School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
Interests: pavement; structure design; material evaluation; construction materials recycling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Chao Peng

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
Interests: asphalt pavement; anti-icing coating on pavement; superhydrophobic coating
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Since the beginning of 21st century, the demand of sustainable development has put forward new demands on road infrastructure all over the world. Road, as an important carrier of transportation, needs to further enhance its own service level. Road pavement is a layered structure which is laid on the roadbed with road building materials for vehicles to drive. As the number of vehicles increases and the environment changes, the state of the pavement will change as well.

The rapid development of material science and cross-discipline work has provided possible and technical support for the design and construction of various new types of pavement, and promoted the continuous broadening of the research field of pavement materials.

Compared with traditional pavement materials, novel green pavement materials will be more environmentally friendly, and will improve in function. Pavement materials will be improved according to the specific requirements of the road. Novel green pavement materials give different functions to the traditional pavement materials, which are used in different occasions and environments with different demands, and make more significant contributions to the safety, comfort and higher service quality of the road pavement. Therefore, novel green pavement materials are increasingly widely considered and applied.

This Special Issue will provide a platform with advantages of environmental friendliness and low energy consumption for novel pavement technology, and has theoretical significance and application value.

Prof. Dr. Fang Xu
Prof. Dr. Tao Sun
Prof. Dr. Tao Bai
Prof. Dr. Chao Peng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

cement concrete pavement
asphalt pavement
ecological pavement materials
pavement recycling
Pavement durability
solid waste recycling in pavement
pavement surface treatments
pavement materials evaluation
life-cycle analysis in pavement
coating and repair materials in pavement
anti-icing in pavement
superhydrophobic coating

Published Papers (12 papers)

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Research

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Open AccessArticle

Effects of UV Radiation on the Carbonation of Cement-Based Materials with Supplementary Cementitious Materials

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Coatings 2023, 13(6), 994; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13060994 - 26 May 2023

Viewed by 216

Abstract

Solar light with high-energy ultraviolet (UV) radiation acting on the surface of cement-based materials easily changes the properties of cement-based materials by affecting their carbonation reaction. In order to elucidate the difference in the carbonation process under UV radiation in cement-based materials with different supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), the carbonation depth (apparent pH values), chemical composition (XRD, FTIR, and TG analysis), and mechanical properties (compressive strength and microhardness) of cement-based materials were evaluated. The results revealed that UV radiation acting on the surface of cement-based materials accelerated the carbonation reaction, which enhanced the decrease rate of pH and formation of stable calcite, thereby improving the macromechanical and micromechanical properties of cement-based materials. In addition, the carbonation process under UV radiation differs according to the added SCM. In particular, silica fume substantially increased the carbonation of cement-based materials under UV radiation, resulting in a 53.3% increase in calcium carbonate coverage, a 10.0% increase in compressive strength, and a 20.9% increase in mean microhardness, whereas the incorporation of blast furnace slag resulted in a smaller effect on UV irradiation-induced carbonation. In addition, UV radiation facilitates the crystallographic transformation process of cement-based materials containing metakaolin, resulting in more stable crystals of carbonation products. This study provides a theoretical framework and serves as an important reference for the design of cement-based materials under strong UV radiation for practical engineering applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Green Pavement Materials and Coatings)

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Open AccessArticle

Preparation and Performance Study of Radiation-Proof Ultra-High-Performance Concrete

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Coatings 2023, 13(5), 906; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13050906 - 11 May 2023

Viewed by 375

Abstract

With the continuous development of nuclear technology, it is necessary to urgently solve the nuclear safety problem. γ-rays have a strong penetrating power. The γ-ray-shielding performance of ordinary concrete prepared with natural sand is weak and cannot meet the practical application of engineering. The γ-ray shielding performance of concrete can be effectively improved through the use of titaniferous sand with a better γ-ray protection effect. To prepare ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) that can provide radiation protection, the influence law of its performance was investigated. The effects of ilmenite sand on the workability, mechanical properties, durability, and radiation-shielding properties of UHPC were investigated via mix testing, compressive strength and flexural strength testing, and a radiation-shielding simulation. The results show that an appropriate amount of ilmenite sand can improve the ultra-high-performance concrete’s work performance; however, ilmenite sand has little effect on its compressive strength. Although it is not conducive to the development of flexural and tensile strength, the γ-ray shielding performance of the UHPC increases with an increase in the addition of ilmenite sand. When the titanite sand admixture is 70%, the γ-ray linear absorption coefficient of the prepared UHPC is 0.158 cm⁻¹, and the γ-ray shielding performance is significantly improved; meanwhile, its durability performance is excellent. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Green Pavement Materials and Coatings)

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Open AccessArticle

Moisture Sensitivity Evaluation of the Asphalt Mortar-Aggregate Filler Interface Using Pull-Out Testing and 3-D Structural Imaging

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Coatings 2023, 13(5), 868; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13050868 - 04 May 2023

Viewed by 536

Abstract

Moisture damage is one of the undesired distresses occurring in flexible asphalt pavements, mostly through water intrusion that weakens and ultimately degrades the asphalt mortar-aggregate interfacial bond. One method to mitigate this distress is using anti-stripping or anti-spalling filler materials that, however, require a systematic quantification of their interfacial bonding potential and moisture tolerance properties prior to wide-scale field use. With this background, this study was conducted to comparatively evaluate and quantitatively characterize the moisture sensitivity and water damage resistance of the interfacial bonding between the asphalt mortar and aggregate fillers. Using an in-house custom developed water-temperature coupling setup, numerous laboratory pull-out tests were carried out on the asphalt mortar with four different filler materials, namely limestone mineral powder, cement, slaked (hydrated) lime, and waste brake pad powder, respectively. In the study, the effects of moisture wet-curing conditions, temperature, and filler types were comparatively evaluated to quantify the water damage resistance of the asphalt mortar-aggregate filler interface. For interfacial microscopic characterization, the Image-Pro Plus software, 3-D digital imaging, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were jointly used to measure the spalling rate and the surface micromorphology of the asphalt mortar and aggregate filler before and after water saturation, respectively. In general, the pull-out tensile force exhibited a decreasing response trend with more water damage and interfacial bonding decay as the moisture wet-curing temperature and time were increased. Overall, the results indicated superiority for slaked (hydrated) lime over the other filler materials with respect to enhancing and optimizing the asphalt mortar-aggregate interfacial bonding strength, moisture tolerance, and water damage resistance, respectively—with limestone mineral powder being the poorest performer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Green Pavement Materials and Coatings)

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Open AccessArticle

Effect of Solid Sodium Silicate on Workability, Hydration and Strength of Alkali-Activated GGBS/Fly Ash Paste

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Coatings 2023, 13(4), 696; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13040696 - 29 Mar 2023

Viewed by 512

Abstract

Based on economic and environmental considerations, the recycling economy of mineral waste has been found to have great potential and economic benefits worldwide, in which alkali-activated cementitious materials are one of the main developing directions. The alkali activators commonly used in alkali-activated cementitious materials are the composite activators of sodium silicate solution and solid sodium hydroxide, which not only need to deal with high viscosity and corrosive chemicals, but also need to be prepared in advance and properly stored. In this paper, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and fly ash were used as precursors, while solid sodium silicate powder was applied as the alkali activator. In addition, the precursors were mixed with the activator in advance and activated by adding water to prepare alkali-activated GGBS/fly ash cement. The influence of precursor components, the dosage of the alkali activator and the liquid–solid ratio on the working performance, mechanical strength and hydration process of alkali-activated cement was studied. The results showed that the further incorporation of GGBS accelerated the alkali activation reaction rate and improved the strength of the specimen. However, in the specimen with GGBS as the main component of the precursor, the main hydration product was C-A-S-H gel, which was different in the structural order and quantity. The compressive strength indicated that there was the best amount of activator to match it in terms of the precursor with certain components. A too high or too low amount of activator will hinder the alkali activation reaction. This study can provide some significant reference material for the use of solid alkali activators in alkali-activated cementitious materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Green Pavement Materials and Coatings)

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Open AccessArticle

Study on Modification Mechanism and Performance of Waterborne Epoxy Resin Micro-Surfacing

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Coatings 2023, 13(3), 504; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13030504 - 24 Feb 2023

Viewed by 442

Abstract

This study examines the mechanical performance, deformability properties and rheological properties of a newly developed waterborne epoxy resin (WER)-modified emulsified asphalt (WE/A) binder for micro-surfacing. Two types of WER, semi-flexible and rigid, were used to modify the binder. Furthermore, the modification mechanism was investigated using the fluorescent microscope test and the scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, the pavement performance at micro-surfacing was studied using the wet wheel wear resistance test, the pendulum friction test and the slurry rutting test. The results indicated that with a small content (<15%) of WER in WE/A, WER existed as a continuous structure (cellular membrane wrapped around asphalt bubbles), thereby enhancing its high temperature properties and mechanical properties. Meanwhile, it also improved the cohesion properties of the transition interface between the aggregate and asphalt (enhanced by at least 30.0%) and the rutting resistance (improved by about 55.3–63.8%). In addition, WER could also improve the peeling resistance and water damage resistance of the micro-surfacing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Green Pavement Materials and Coatings)

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Open AccessArticle

Study on the Influence Factors of Dynamic Modulus and Phase Angle of Dense Gradation Polyurethane Mixture

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Coatings 2023, 13(2), 474; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13020474 - 19 Feb 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 724

Abstract

Polyurethane (PU) mixture is a new pavement material with excellent pavement performance, and most research was focused on the enhancement of pavement performance, but rarely on the dynamic property. This paper studied the factors including gradation, aggregate type, PU type, and PU content, which may influence the dynamic property of the PU mixture. Test results showed that the PU mixture is a kind of linear viscoelastic material, its dynamic modulus and phase angle changed with test temperature and loading frequency, the dynamic modulus would drop by 40%~50% with the temperature raised from 5 °C to 55 °C. All of the factors could affect the dynamic property of the PU mixture which was proved by the analysis of covariance. The effect of gradation did not change with the increase of the nominal maximum aggregate size (NMAS), the dynamic modulus of the PU mixture with limestone was higher than that of the PU mixture with basalt, and the curing speed of PU could affect the ultimate stiffness of the PU mixture, and the increase of the PU content did not help in the increase of the dynamic modulus of the PU mixture. So, more consideration about the selection of gradation, aggregate type, PU type, and PU content should be taken into the design of the PU mixture, which could produce the best pavement structure combination and save more investment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Green Pavement Materials and Coatings)

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Open AccessArticle

Assessing the Effects of Different Fillers and Moisture on Asphalt Mixtures’ Mechanical Properties and Performance

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Coatings 2023, 13(2), 288; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13020288 - 27 Jan 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 728

Abstract

This laboratory study was conducted to comparatively assess the effects of different fillers and moisture on the mechanical properties and performance of asphalt mixtures. In the study, a typical Pen70 base asphalt was modified with four different filler materials, namely limestone powder, cement, slaked (hydrated) lime, and brake pad powder, to produce different asphalt mortars that were subsequently used to prepare the asphalt mixtures. Thereafter, various laboratory tests, namely dynamic uniaxial repeated compressive loading, freeze-thaw splitting, and semicircular bending (SCB) were conducted to evaluate the moisture sensitivity, high-temperature stability, low-temperature cracking, and fatigue performance of the asphalt mixtures before and after being subjected to water saturation conditions. Overall, the study results indicated superior moisture tolerance, water damage resistance, and performance for slaked (hydrated) lime, consecutively followed by brake pad powder, cement, and limestone powder. That is, for the materials evaluated and the laboratory test conditions considered, limestone mineral powder was found to be the most moisture-sensitive filler material, whilst slaked (hydrated) lime was the most moisture-tolerant and water-damage resistant filler material. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Green Pavement Materials and Coatings)

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Open AccessArticle

Enhancing the Raveling Resistance of Polyurethane Mixture: From the Perspective of Polyurethane Adhesive

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Coatings 2022, 12(12), 1950; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12121950 - 12 Dec 2022

Viewed by 520

Abstract

Polyurethane mixture, made of waste rubber particle, aggregate, and polyurethane adhesive, has low raveling resistance which affects the durability of the mixture. The objective of this study is to enhance the raveling resistance of polyurethane mixture. The content of polyol in the hydroxyl component was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The suitable curing conditions for polyurethane adhesive to enhance the raveling resistance were selected by the orthogonal experiment and mechanical tests. The relationship of the raveling resistance with crosslink density and elastic modulus was tested and calculated through the wear test. The results showed that when the ratios of the isocyanate component to the hydroxyl component were 1:3.2, 1:6.3, and 1:9.5, respectively, the isocyanate component was excessive. The ranking of the significance of the influence factors, from high to low, was first the curing temperature, then curing time, and finally the blending ratio; within the ranges of blending ratio, curing temperature, and curing time selected in this study, the appropriate blending ratio was 10:2, and the curing time was 6 h. For the polyurethane mixture involved in this study to obtain high raveling resistance, if a crosslinking agent or a new polyurethane adhesive is added, the tensile strength and tensile elastic modulus should be in the range of 3.02 to 3.27 MPa and 5.50 to 6.02 MPa, respectively; when using the FS2 polyurethane adhesive directly, the suitable curing conditions for the mixture are 90 °C and 6 h or 80 °C and 6 h. The results from this study could be beneficial for obtaining a high raveling resistance for the polyurethane mixture. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Green Pavement Materials and Coatings)

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Open AccessArticle

Research on the Interaction Capability and Microscopic Interfacial Mechanism between Asphalt-Binder and Steel Slag Aggregate-Filler

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Coatings 2022, 12(12), 1871; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12121871 - 01 Dec 2022

Viewed by 718

Abstract

To explore the applicability of steel slag porous asphalt mixture, the interaction capability and microscopic interfacial mechanism between asphalt-binder and steel slag aggregate-filler were investigated in this laboratory study. These objectives were accomplished by comparing and analyzing the differences between steel slag and basalt aggregates in interacting with the asphalt-binder. The study methodology involved preparing basalt and steel slag asphalt mortar to evaluate the penetration, ductility, softening point, toughness, and tenacity. Thereafter, the interaction capability between the asphalt-binder and aggregates was characterized using the interaction parameters of the asphalt mortar obtained from dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) testing. For studying the functional groups and chemical bonding of the asphalt mortar, the Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer was used, whilst the interfacial bonding between the asphalt-binder and aggregates was analyzed using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The corresponding test results indicated that the physical and rheological properties of the two asphalt mortars were similar. However, whilst the FTIR analysis indicated domination through chemical reactions, the interaction capability and interfacial bonding between the asphalt-binder and steel slag aggregates exhibited superiority over that between the asphalt-binder and basalt aggregates, with pronounced adsorption peaks appearing in the steel slag asphalt mortar spectrum. On the other hand, the SEM test revealed that, compared with the basalt, the micro-interfacial phases between the steel slag and asphalt-binder were more continuous and uniform, which could potentially enhance the interfacial bond strength between the asphalt-binder and aggregates (filler). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Green Pavement Materials and Coatings)

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Open AccessArticle

Experimental Research on Properties of UHPC Based on Composite Cementitious Materials System

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Coatings 2022, 12(8), 1219; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12081219 - 20 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 781

Abstract

As concrete damage occurs frequently in the transition zone of bridge expansion joints, this paper discussed ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) based on composite cementitious materials system for the repair of the bridge expansion joint transition zone. The performance of UHPC based on composite cementitious materials system was studied by combining the macroscopic properties and microstructure of the material with the hydration mechanism of the cementitious material. The influence of sulphate aluminum cement (SAC) on composite cementitious materials system was studied. The experimental results showed that the appropriate amount of SAC can effectively reduce the setting time in the composite cementitious materials system. While SAC caused the strength to decrease, it has little effect on the mechanical properties of the composite cementitious materials system. When the ratio of SAC is 0.1 in the composite cementitious materials system, the setting time is shortened with maintaining the dense micro-structure observed by the SEM images. It can achieve fast hardening and have good early mechanical performance while retaining excellent long-term properties. Therefore, the addition of SAC can effectively make it possible to apply the excellent performance of UHPC for the repair of highway and bridge. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Green Pavement Materials and Coatings)

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Open AccessArticle

Experimental Research on Magnesium Phosphate Cements Modified by Fly Ash and Metakaolin

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Coatings 2022, 12(7), 1030; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12071030 - 21 Jul 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 970

Abstract

To increase performance and save costs when utilizing magnesium phosphate cements (MPC) to repair a damaged building structure or a cement pavement, MPC is typically combined with fly ash (FA) and metakaolin (MK). The influence of FA and MK on the workability, rheological characteristics, flexural strength, compressive strength, and drying shrinkage of MPC was investigated in this research. MPC samples with different percentages of FA and MK by weight replacement were prepared. The results indicate that an appropriate dosage of MK and FA could decrease MPC fluidity and delay the setting time. MPC’s yield stress and plastic viscosity were increased when MK was added. FA has a negative influence on flexural and compressive strength as compared to control MPC and the compressive strength of MPC with MK increases and then decreases. The drying shrinkage of MPC containing MK and FA is superior to control mixture. MPC with 10% FA and 10% MK has the best-modified performance in terms of the comprehensive performance of MPC at all test ages. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Green Pavement Materials and Coatings)

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Open AccessReview

Advances in Salt-Storage Materials, Road and Anti-Freezing Performances of Salt-Storage Asphalt Mixture: A Review

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Coatings 2022, 12(9), 1323; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12091323 - 11 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 945

Abstract

Salt storage asphalt pavement has been considered as a functional pavement that could effectively and actively melt snow on the road. Based on the previous studies, the macro melting snow and ice mechanism on the salt storage road is studied, high performance salt storage materials have been developed, as well as to analyze pavement and anti-freezing performance of salt storage asphalt mixture. Although some studies have evaluated salt storage asphalt mixtures and salt storage materials, there still remains many issues related to the slow-release effect of salt storage materials and road performance. Therefore, the article tries to review the key contents: mechanism for ice-snow melting of salt storage asphalt pavement, salt-storage materials design, salt-storage asphalt mixture-mix design. Additionally, key points concerning the road and anti-freezing performance of salt storage asphalt pavement were assessed. Finally, a series of important proposes for further investigations in this field have been presented. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Green Pavement Materials and Coatings)

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