Friction, Wear, Lubrication and Mechanics of Surfaces and Interfaces

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Tribology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2024 | Viewed by 6777

Special Issue Editor

School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
Interests: surfaces and interfaces; mechanical and tribological characterization at micro- and nanoscale; bio-inspired structures for surface science and engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We invite you to submit your work to this Special Issue, “Friction, Wear, Lubrication and Mechanics of Surfaces and Interfaces”. From friction and wear to corrosion and fatigue to biofouling, most engineering problems stem from the surface. Surfaces and interfaces are integral parts of any product. Their malfunction might result in product failure, and in some cases, fatal outcomes. Bulk material properties are well-known and researched, yet their surface and interface properties differ and often have an undesired impact on the overall performance. Using advanced surface engineering, design, and controlled modification, it is possible to adjust specific properties (tribological, mechanical, chemical, and many others) to tailor material performance for targeted applications while leaving the bulk untouched.

This Special Issue will cover a wide range of topics in mechanical and tribological properties characterization of surfaces and interfaces from the nano- to macroscale. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Functional, adaptive, smart multilayered coatings and surfaces;
  • Computer simulations, modelling, and design strategy;
  • Structure, texture, mechanics, tribology of surfaces and interfaces;
  • Surfaces for special applications: space, vacuum, biomedical, extreme temperatures, etc.

Full research papers, communications, and reviews addressing topics within the scope of this Special Issues are welcome.

Dr. Jurgita Zekonyte
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nano/micro/macro tribology
  • functional surfaces and interfaces
  • advanced surface texturing, design and engineering
  • lubrication and solid lubricants
  • surface mechanics
  • friction and wear behaviour
  • surface modification

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 9786 KiB  
Article
Friction and Wear Characteristics of Cr-CNTs Composite Coating End Faces of High-Temperature Mechanical Seals
by Haichao Yang, Shuangxi Li, Runmei Ma, Guoqing Zhang and An Liu
Coatings 2023, 13(10), 1692; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13101692 - 27 Sep 2023
Viewed by 847
Abstract
To improve the reliability of the end faces of high-temperature mechanical seals, a high-performance composite material that introduces carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into the laser-melted Cr coating is proposed. In this study, for high-temperature and high-speed mechanical seals under actual working conditions, friction and [...] Read more.
To improve the reliability of the end faces of high-temperature mechanical seals, a high-performance composite material that introduces carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into the laser-melted Cr coating is proposed. In this study, for high-temperature and high-speed mechanical seals under actual working conditions, friction and wear tests were conducted under different working conditions and using different end face materials. The high-temperature tribological properties of the Cr-CNTs coatings were analyzed, and the strengthening mechanism of the Cr-CNTs coatings on end faces was investigated. The results indicate that the wear resistance of the Cr-CNTs coating at high temperatures is first enhanced and then weakened with the increase in the CNTs content. The composite coating end face performance is optimal when the CNTs content is 10 wt%. The presence of CNTs between the end faces when grinding against the graphite ring favors the generation of a graphite film. The coefficient of friction of the Cr-CNTs coating is reduced by at least 12.46% compared to the Cr coating at a temperature of 483 K. This study provides reference examples for the application of carbon nanotubes in high-performance mechanical seals and new research ideas for improving the performance of mechanical seal end faces. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction, Wear, Lubrication and Mechanics of Surfaces and Interfaces)
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18 pages, 10301 KiB  
Article
Tribological Performance and Model Establishment of Self-Compensating Lubrication Film Inspired by the Functional Surfaces of Scapharca subcrenata Shells
by Guanchen Lu and Zhijie Yang
Coatings 2023, 13(8), 1399; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13081399 - 09 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 791
Abstract
Composite surface structures inspired by the functional surface of Scapharca subcrenata shells can improve the tribological properties effectively, composed of the ordered “U”- shape micro-grooves and solid lubricant Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) alloys. A series of wear tests were conducted to further investigate the formation [...] Read more.
Composite surface structures inspired by the functional surface of Scapharca subcrenata shells can improve the tribological properties effectively, composed of the ordered “U”- shape micro-grooves and solid lubricant Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) alloys. A series of wear tests were conducted to further investigate the formation characteristics of the self-compensating lubrication film, and then the mathematical model of the spreading tribofilm could be proposed. The results showed that the appropriate surface texturing parameters (NBCSS-28) had a great effect on the formation of the self-compensating lubrication film, which exhibited a lower friction coefficient (0.386) and wear volume (0.682 mm3) than the other NBCSS samples. The tribofilm, with a thickness of a few microns, was deposited on the contact surface after the wear tests. The interfacial reactants (the Ni/Ni3Sn2 interface) of the SAC305 alloys, and Ni3Al alloys confirmed by the wetting experiments and the thermogravimetric analysis, could promote the deposition and diffusion of the tribofilm during the sliding process. Hence, distinguishable layered structures could be observed on the fractured surfaces of the NBCSS samples. Moreover, the formation process of the tribofilm exhibited an obvious relationship with the reduction in the dynamic friction coefficient. The tribofilm formation model was proposed by the accumulation behaviors of the spreading tribofilm randomly in the form of multiple discrete irregular film shapes on the worn surface, which could predict the formation characteristics of the self-compensating lubrication film to improve the optimization design of the parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction, Wear, Lubrication and Mechanics of Surfaces and Interfaces)
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13 pages, 6633 KiB  
Article
Morphology and Composition of the Third Body on the Friction Surface of an Organic Composite Railway Brake Shoe
by Chunjiang He, Yuan Ji, Dingfeng Pei, Ming Gao, Chuanzhi Chen, Jingcun Zhao and Wei Wang
Coatings 2023, 13(5), 952; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13050952 - 19 May 2023
Viewed by 1236
Abstract
Friction properties are significantly affected by third bodies (films formed on friction surfaces). However, the study of their composition and structure remains incomplete. For this reason, an organic composite railway brake shoe was tested at an initial braking speed of 125 km/h using [...] Read more.
Friction properties are significantly affected by third bodies (films formed on friction surfaces). However, the study of their composition and structure remains incomplete. For this reason, an organic composite railway brake shoe was tested at an initial braking speed of 125 km/h using a full-scale dynamometer. A third body with a thickness of ~120 μm was obtained, and its morphology and composition were analyzed using a multiple techniques. The results indicated that the third body had a layered structure. The upper surface was smoother than the lower surface. The carbon content on the upper surface decreased by 68.01%, and the iron content increased by 11.85 times in relation to that on the lower surface. Compared to the brake shoe, the iron content of the third body increased by 272.81%, and most of the iron was oxidized. Furthermore, the content of barium, calcium, and silicon decreased by more than 33%, and the crystalline structures of the inorganic filler materials, such as graphite and barium sulfate, were destroyed, with new crystalline structures appearing. Finally, the residual weight at 650 °C increased from 90.35% to 96.59%. This research could provide a reference for exploring the friction and wear mechanisms of organic composite railway brake shoes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction, Wear, Lubrication and Mechanics of Surfaces and Interfaces)
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15 pages, 5093 KiB  
Article
Multiscale Wear Simulation in Textured, Lubricated Contacts
by Michael Maier, Michael Pusterhofer and Florian Grün
Coatings 2023, 13(4), 697; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13040697 - 29 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1035
Abstract
Specific surface textures may reduce the friction and increase the lifting forces in lubricated contacts. For the detrimental operating condition of mixed friction, wear is induced by the solid contact. In this study, a methodology for wear calculation in textured, lubricated contacts is [...] Read more.
Specific surface textures may reduce the friction and increase the lifting forces in lubricated contacts. For the detrimental operating condition of mixed friction, wear is induced by the solid contact. In this study, a methodology for wear calculation in textured, lubricated contacts is presented that considers the wear-induced surface topography evolution. Based on the Reynolds differential equation, the mass-conserving cavitation model according to Jakobsson, Floberg, and Olsson (JFO), a wear-dependent asperity contact pressure curve and the wear equation according to Archard, wear in a wedge-shaped, textured lubrication gap was calculated. The results show the wear behavior of textured lubrication gaps. Based on the wear simulations, the tribological behavior of the textured surfaces compared to smooth surfaces is discussed. It is evident that textures, which improve the tribological performance in the hydrodynamic lubrication regime, are not necessarily associated with low wear values in a lubrication condition in the mixed friction regime. The analysis of the wear-dependent parameters initially showed a recovery of the tribological system with increasing wear until the performance decreased again after a specific reversal point. This behavior is attributed to the relative position of the surface textures in the lubrication gap. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction, Wear, Lubrication and Mechanics of Surfaces and Interfaces)
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17 pages, 6045 KiB  
Article
Effect of MoO3 Content on Ni3Al-Ag-MoO3 Composite Coating Microstructure and Tribological Properties
by Xiangjuan Fan, Wensheng Li, Jun Yang, Shengyu Zhu, Shuai Cui, Bo Cheng and Haimin Zhai
Coatings 2023, 13(3), 624; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13030624 - 15 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 924
Abstract
In order to provide effective solid lubrication to Ni3Al coating, 10 wt.% Ag and different amounts of MoO3 solid lubricant were mechanically mixed with the SHSed Ni3Al powder and sprayed HVOF. Microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribological behavior from [...] Read more.
In order to provide effective solid lubrication to Ni3Al coating, 10 wt.% Ag and different amounts of MoO3 solid lubricant were mechanically mixed with the SHSed Ni3Al powder and sprayed HVOF. Microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribological behavior from 25 °C to 800 °C of the coatings were studied, and the basic wear mechanisms were explored and discussed as well. Results show that the hardness and adhesive bonding strength of the coatings are slightly decreased, while there is little effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Ni3Al-based composite coating when the content of MoO3 additive in the feedstock powder is lower than 15 wt.%. The composite coating formed by feedstock powder containing 15 wt.% MoO3 additive also presents excellent anti-friction and anti-wear performance from 25 °C to 800 °C, especially at 800 °C, where a complete, smooth, and thicker lubricating film comprised of NiO, Al2O3, MoO3, and Ag2MoO4 was formed, which reduced the friction coefficient (COF) and wear rate (WR) to the lowest value of 0.36 and 6.03 × 10−5 mm3/(Nm), respectively. An excessive amount of MoO3 in the feedstock powder (20 wt.%) results in inferior interlayer bonding of the formed coating, and the coating is more prone to delamination and abrasive wear above 200 °C. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction, Wear, Lubrication and Mechanics of Surfaces and Interfaces)
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12 pages, 9288 KiB  
Article
Surface Characteristic and Friction Behavior of Plasma Sprayed FeCoNiCrMo0.2 High Entropy Alloy Coatings on BS960 High-Strength Steel with Subsequent Shot Peening Treatment
by Zheng Yang and Chuanhai Jiang
Coatings 2023, 13(2), 303; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13020303 - 29 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1280
Abstract
The FeCoNiCrMo0.2 high entropy alloy coatings were deposited on BS960 high strength steel by plasma spraying method with four different current intensities (250 A, 350 A, 450 A, 550 A). These coatings were then subjected to a subsequent micro-shot peening treatment. Surface [...] Read more.
The FeCoNiCrMo0.2 high entropy alloy coatings were deposited on BS960 high strength steel by plasma spraying method with four different current intensities (250 A, 350 A, 450 A, 550 A). These coatings were then subjected to a subsequent micro-shot peening treatment. Surface characteristics including surface morphology, microhardness and phase composition were characterized, and the wear resistance of the coatings was assessed by reciprocal friction and wear tests. The results showed that the high entropy alloy coatings had FCC structure. XRD results showed that no new phase was formed during the spraying process. At the same time, shot peening treatment could effectively improve the hardness of the coating surface. Under the four processes, the coating surface prepared with the current intensity of 350 A had the highest microhardness and uniformity before and after shot peening, and the hardness values were 473 ± 10.21 and 504 ± 8.62 HV0.2, respectively. The friction and wear test results showed that the friction coefficients of the four coatings were close to each other at 10 N load, which was about 0.4. When the test load reached 25 N, the friction coefficient of the coating with current intensity of 350 A was lower, and it showed better friction performance. After shot peening, the friction coefficient of the four coatings further decreased to about 0.3 under 10 N loading due to the existence of hardened surface layer. When the test load reached 25 N, the hardened layer would be worn through and the friction coefficient would suddenly rise. Under the 25 N test load, the hardened layer of the high-entropy alloy coating with current intensity of 350 A illustrated better friction resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction, Wear, Lubrication and Mechanics of Surfaces and Interfaces)
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