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Special Issue "Sleep Breathing Related Disorders and Ear Nose and Throat Alterations: Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis and Treatments"

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Dr. Domenico Testa

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Guest Editor

Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80100 Naples, Italy
Interests: sleep disorders; allergic rhinitis; endoscopic surgery; pediatric otolaryngology

Dr. Giuseppina Marcuccio

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Guest Editor

Pulmonary Rehabilitation Division, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 82037 Telese Terme, BN, Italy
Interests: pediatric rehabilitation; pediatric sleep disorders; pediatric polysomnography; pediatric headaches; pediatric epilepsy; pediatric EEG; autism

Dr. Marco Carotenuto

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Guest Editor

Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Fisica e Medicina Preventiva, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitellidisabled, Naples, Italy
Interests: pediatric rehabilitation; pediatric sleep disorders; pediatric polysomnography; pediatric headaches; pediatric epilepsy; pediatric EEG; autism
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Acute and chronic ear nose and throat infections in childhood represent a great proportion of clinical conditions presented both in preschool and school age. Sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs), which range from primary snoring to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), occur in 34.5% of children. OSAS is believed to be present in about 1% to 3% in children aged 2 to 18 with no gender predominance; furthermore, chronic snoring or primary snoring may be present in more than 10% of children. Neurocognitive and behavioral impairment often depends on sleep breathing disorders. Several clinical conditions of the nose, rhinopharynx, mouth and oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx lead to SRBDs such as hypertrophy of adenoids and palatine tonsils, nasal polyposis and other chronic rhinosinusitis, rhinitis (allergic and nonallergic), anatomic alterations of nasal cavity, and laryngitis.

The aim of this Special Issue is to focus on these ear, nose and throat clinical conditions associated with SRBDs, inducing neurocognitive and behavioral alterations in preschool- and school-aged children and adolescents in order to give an appropriate treatment to improve patients’ clinical condition, as well as both patient and caregiver quality of life.

Dr. Domenico Testa
Dr. Giuseppina Marcuccio
Dr. Marco Carotenuto
Guest Editors

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Keywords

sleep related disorders
obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
adenoiditis
tonsillitis
adenotonsillectomy
otitis media with effusion
hearing loss
rhinitis
neurocognitive impairment
behavioural disorders

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Research

14 pages, 1466 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Its Association with Nocturnal Enuresis at the Primary Schools in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Ali Abdullah Alshehri

Mohamed Soliman Hassan Zaki

and

Children 2023, 10(6), 1074; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10061074 - 18 Jun 2023

Viewed by 1064

Abstract

The correlation between nocturnal enuresis (NE) and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) was reported. We aim to determine whether there is an association between NE and SDB in children and to assess the prevalence of SDB and NE in primary school children aged 6–12 years in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among the caregivers of children aged 6–12 years in all Saudi Arabia regions. The data were gathered through a self-administered online questionnaire. It included demographic information, weight and height, and associated comorbidities, in addition to the weekly frequencies of snoring symptoms and of enuresis, as well as of unrefreshing sleep using Likert-type response scales. Counts and percentages, the mean ± standard deviation, chi-square test, independent samples t-test, and regression analysis were used in the statistical analysis using R v 3.6.3. The questionnaire was completed by 686 respondents. Most respondents did not report any comorbidities in their children (77.1%). Asthma and adenotonsillar hypertrophy were reported in 16.2% and 15.6% of children, respectively. Unrefreshing sleep, mouth breathing at night, snoring, chronic nasal obstruction, and difficulty breathing while asleep were reported once or twice per week in 38%, 34%, 28%, 18%, and 18% of children, respectively. The prevalence of NE was 22.3%, with about 36.6% of children having NE two or more times per week. Significantly, NE was reported in 26.6% of children who slept before 10 PM compared to 19% of children who slept after 10 PM; in 28.6% of children who snored or loudly snored (57.1%) three times or more per week; and in 51.2% and 27.5% of children with difficulty breathing while asleep and who breathed through their mouth at night for one or two nights per week, respectively. A multivariable regression analysis showed that male gender (OR = 1.52, p = 0.010), obesity (OR = 1.24, p = 0.028), early sleeping time (OR = 1.40, p = 0.048), loud snoring for three or more nights per week (OR = 1.54, p = 0.001), difficulty breathing for one or two nights per week (OR = 1.85, p = 0.010), and mouth breathing at night for one or two nights per week (OR = 1.55, p = 0.049) were associated with higher odds of NE. Our study revealed that 22.3% of primary school children reported suffering from NE. SDB is a common problem among children with NE. The exact mechanism that links SDB to the increase in the risk of NE is unknown. Male gender, obesity, early sleeping time, loud snoring, difficulty breathing, and mouth breathing at night are potential independent risk factors of NE in school-age children. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sleep Breathing Related Disorders and Ear Nose and Throat Alterations: Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis and Treatments)

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Special Issue "Sleep Breathing Related Disorders and Ear Nose and Throat Alterations: Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis and Treatments"

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