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Children
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Cutting Edge Research on Pediatric Gastroenterology
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Cutting Edge Research on Pediatric Gastroenterology

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 November 2023) | Viewed by 8391

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Henrik Köhler

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Children’s Hospital of Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland; Medical Faculty, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
Interests: gastroenterology and hepatology; children; adolescents

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is my pleasure to present this Special Issue of Children on “Cutting-Edge Research on Pediatric Gastroenterology”. As the editor of this issue, I look forward to collaborating with experts on a variety of topics important to the pediatric community.

The field of pediatric gastroenterology has undergone an incredibly fast development in the past 20 years. Basic and clinical science have taken gigantic steps forward. New drugs, treatments, and diagnostic tools have entered our clinical practice, and we have gained a new perspective on many diseases.

I hope the papers in this edition will help to highlight the cutting-edge work in this field and am pleased to invite you to contribute to this Special Edition of Children.

Prof. Dr. Henrik Köhler
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • IBD
  • immune system
  • short bowel
  • transplantation
  • vascular malformation
  • nutrition
  • liver failure
  • endoscopy
  • hepatology
  • pancreas
  • stomach
  • infection

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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5 pages, 690 KiB  
Article
Change of Sleep Stage during Gastroesophageal Reflux in Infants
by Angeliki Pappa, Moritz Muschaweck and Tobias G. Wenzl
Children 2023, 10(5), 836; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10050836 - 04 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 947
Abstract
Introduction: This study intended to explore the existence of a temporal association of changes of sleep stage and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in infants. Materials and Methods: Documentation of sleep stage and GER was conducted via the use of synchronized polygraphic recording combined with [...] Read more.
Introduction: This study intended to explore the existence of a temporal association of changes of sleep stage and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in infants. Materials and Methods: Documentation of sleep stage and GER was conducted via the use of synchronized polygraphic recording combined with impedance-pH-metry in 15 infants. The total recording-time (Rt) was divided into GER-“window-time” (five seconds before and after the onset of a GER episode), “remaining GER time”, and “GER-free time”, and analyzed for changes of sleep stage. Results: a total of 462 GER episodes were identified during Rt (151.1 h) in all infants. During 1.3 h of window-time; 61 changes of sleep stage (47/h); during 5.9 h of Remaining GER-time, 139 changes of sleep stage (24/h); and during 143.9 h of GER-free time, 4087 changes of sleep stage (28/h) were documented. Change of sleep stage was strongly associated with the onset of GER (p < 0.02 and p < 0.05, respectively). Conclusions: There is a strong temporal association between sleep irregularities, i.e., changes of sleep and episodes of GER in infants. When dealing with disturbed sleep in infants, GER should be considered by caregivers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutting Edge Research on Pediatric Gastroenterology)
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Review

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16 pages, 1359 KiB  
Review
Ultrasound in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Review of the State of the Art and Future Perspectives
by André Hoerning, Jörg Jüngert, Gregor Siebenlist, Ferdinand Knieling and Adrian P. Regensburger
Children 2024, 11(2), 156; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11020156 - 25 Jan 2024
Viewed by 894
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises a group of relapsing, chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that, in addition to adults, can affect children and adolescents. To detect relapses of inflammation, these patients require close observation, frequent follow-up, and therapeutic adjustments. While reference standard [...] Read more.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises a group of relapsing, chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that, in addition to adults, can affect children and adolescents. To detect relapses of inflammation, these patients require close observation, frequent follow-up, and therapeutic adjustments. While reference standard diagnostics include anamnestic factors, laboratory and stool sample assessment, performing specific imaging in children and adolescents is much more challenging than in adults. Endoscopic and classic cross-sectional imaging modalities may be invasive and often require sedation for younger patients. For this reason, intestinal ultrasound (IUS) is becoming increasingly important for the non-invasive assessment of the intestine and its inflammatory affection. In this review, we would like to shed light on the current state of the art and provide an outlook on developments in this field that could potentially spare these patients more invasive follow-up procedures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutting Edge Research on Pediatric Gastroenterology)
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14 pages, 673 KiB  
Review
D-Lactate: Implications for Gastrointestinal Diseases
by Barblin Remund, Bahtiyar Yilmaz and Christiane Sokollik
Children 2023, 10(6), 945; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10060945 - 26 May 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3349
Abstract
D-lactate is produced in very low amounts in human tissues. However, certain bacteria in the human intestine produce D-lactate. In some gastrointestinal diseases, increased bacterial D-lactate production and uptake from the gut into the bloodstream take place. In its extreme, excessive accumulation of [...] Read more.
D-lactate is produced in very low amounts in human tissues. However, certain bacteria in the human intestine produce D-lactate. In some gastrointestinal diseases, increased bacterial D-lactate production and uptake from the gut into the bloodstream take place. In its extreme, excessive accumulation of D-lactate in humans can lead to potentially life-threatening D-lactic acidosis. This metabolic phenomenon is well described in pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome. Less is known about a subclinical rise in D-lactate. We discuss in this review the pathophysiology of D-lactate in the human body. We cover D-lactic acidosis in patients with short bowel syndrome as well as subclinical elevations of D-lactate in other diseases affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, we argue for the potential of D-lactate as a marker of intestinal barrier integrity in the context of dysbiosis. Subsequently, we conclude that there is a research need to establish D-lactate as a minimally invasive biomarker in gastrointestinal diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutting Edge Research on Pediatric Gastroenterology)
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24 pages, 1089 KiB  
Review
Current Role of Monoclonal Antibody Therapy in Pediatric IBD: A Special Focus on Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Treat-to-Target Strategies
by Merle Claßen and André Hoerning
Children 2023, 10(4), 634; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10040634 - 28 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1983
Abstract
In the last two decades, biologicals have become essential in treating children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease. TNF-α inhibitors (infliximab, adalimumab and golimumab) are preferentially used. Recent studies suggest that early application of TNF-α inhibitors is beneficial to inducing disease remission and [...] Read more.
In the last two decades, biologicals have become essential in treating children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease. TNF-α inhibitors (infliximab, adalimumab and golimumab) are preferentially used. Recent studies suggest that early application of TNF-α inhibitors is beneficial to inducing disease remission and preventing complications such as development of penetrating ulcers and fistulas. However, treatment failure occurs in about one third of pediatric patients. Particularly, children and adolescents differ in drug clearance, emphasizing the importance of pharmacokinetic drug monitoring in the pediatric setting. Here, current data on the choice and effectiveness of biologicals and therapeutic drug monitoring strategies are reviewed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutting Edge Research on Pediatric Gastroenterology)
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Other

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6 pages, 347 KiB  
Brief Report
Full-Thickness Rectal Biopsy in Children Suspected of Having Hirschsprung’s Disease: The Inconclusive Biopsy
by Leise Elisabeth Hviid Korsager, Niels Bjørn, Mark Bremholm Ellebæk, Lene Gaardsmand Christensen and Niels Qvist
Children 2023, 10(10), 1619; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10101619 - 28 Sep 2023
Viewed by 712
Abstract
The diagnosis of Hirschsprung’s disease relies on histologically proven aganglionosis and nerve trunk hypertrophy in rectal biopsies. Although the frequency of inconclusive biopsies is relatively low, it is a relevant clinical problem. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a [...] Read more.
The diagnosis of Hirschsprung’s disease relies on histologically proven aganglionosis and nerve trunk hypertrophy in rectal biopsies. Although the frequency of inconclusive biopsies is relatively low, it is a relevant clinical problem. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a re-evaluation of archived full-thickness biopsies (FTBs) stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), together with immune histochemical (IHC) staining, would be diagnostic in biopsies otherwise deemed inconclusive at initial examination with HE only. A total of 34 inconclusive biopsies in 31 patients were identified. From each tissue block, three slices were cut and stained with HE, S100 and calretinin. A blinded pathologist examined the tissue samples. At re-evaluation, one patient was found positive for HD and 11 negative for HD with both HE and IHC staining, respectively. In all 12 cases, the result was confirmed by the final diagnosis at a 5-year follow-up. The rest of the cases were deemed inconclusive. A re-evaluation of the remaining tissue from the biobank might have saved one third of the children from a re-biopsy. The value of adding IHC to conventional HE staining is dubious. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutting Edge Research on Pediatric Gastroenterology)
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