Special Issue "Management and Early Intervention of Restless Legs Syndrome in Children"

Dear Colleagues,

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), including in its pediatric form is a sensorimotor disorder that causes an uncomfortable urge to move the legs, particularly during periods of rest or inactivity and mostly in the evening or at night. Children with RLS may experience an itchy, tickling, or crawling sensation in their legs, which can interfere with their ability to sleep.

Our understanding of the pathophysiology of RLS is still a work in progress.   The single best supported hypothesis assumes that deficiency in brain iron leads to CNS dopamine dysregulation. Dopamine is a chemical in the brain that helps control movement. Factors that may contribute to RLS in children include iron deficiency, certain medications, and genetics.

The symptoms of RLS can vary in severity and have a circadian rhythm, becoming worse in the evening or at night. Children with RLS may have difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep and may experience fatigue, irritability, or hyperactivity during the day as a result. Over time, RLS can lead to behavioral and cognitive problems in children.

Treatment for RLS in children usually involves making lifestyle changes such as avoiding caffeine, regular exercise, and maintaining a regular sleep schedule.  Assessment of iron stores, at least ferritin and replenishment is an integral part of the management.  In some cases, IV iron or medications may be prescribed to help manage the symptoms of RLS.

If you suspect that your child may be experiencing symptoms of RLS, it is important to talk to their healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Dr. Denise Sharon
Guest Editor

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• restless legs syndrome
• urge
• limb movements
• pediatric
• iron
• dopamine