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Special Issue "Acute and Chronic Lung Disease of the Neonate: Open Challenges and Novel Insights"

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Dear Colleagues,

Respiratory disorders are the leading cause of admission to neonatal intensive care units, carrying high rates of mortality and morbidity. The definition and characterization of neonatal lung disorders are still a matter of debate. Preclinical and clinical research pertaining to novel ventilation strategies that may decrease the burden of superimposed ventilator-induced lung injury is a continuous field of improvement in neonatology. The point of care evaluation of the respiratory and cardiovascular system is constantly growing and constitutes a potential game-changer when dealing with neonatal lung diseases.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to collect contributions of clinical practice and research on neonatal lung diseases. This volume intends to provide novel insights into neonatal lung diseases, including prevention, diagnosis, monitoring, ventilator strategies and ECMO, novel treatments, supportive strategies and long-term outcomes. In addition to reviews, all types of research papers, from laboratory studies to pro- and retrospective clinical trials, are most welcome. Outstanding case reports with clear added scientific value are also acceptable.

Considering the success and popularity of the Special Issue "Acute and Chronic Lung Disease of the Newborn: Open Challenges and Novel Insights" previously published in Children (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/children/special_issues/acute_chronic_lung_disease_prematurity), we now release a second Special Issue aiming to gather original research papers and review articles related to acute and chronic neonatal lung disease. We look forward to potentially collaborating with you and hope to hear back from you soon.

Dr. Maria Pierro
Guest Editor

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Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Research

10 pages, 435 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Early Respiratory Physiotherapy versus an Individualized Postural Care Program for Reducing Mechanical Ventilation in Preterm Infants: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Children 2023, 10(11), 1761; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10111761 - 30 Oct 2023

Viewed by 554

Abstract

Background: Tactile stimulation manoeuvres stimulate spontaneous breathing in preterm newborns. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of early respiratory physiotherapy on the need for mechanical ventilation during the first week of life in preterm infants with respiratory failure. Methods: This is a monocentric, randomised controlled trial. Preterm infants (gestational age ≤ 30 weeks) not intubated in the delivery room and requiring non-invasive respiratory support at birth were eligible for the study. The intervention group received early respiratory physiotherapy, while the control group received only a daily physiotherapy program (i.e., modifying the infant’s posture in accordance with the patient’s needs). Results: between October 2019 and March 2021, 133 preterm infants were studied, 68 infants in the study group and 65 in routine care. The study group showed a reduction in the need for mechanical ventilation (not statistically significant) and a statistically significant reduction in hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus with respect to the control group (19/68 (28%) vs. 35/65 (54%), respectively, p = 0.03). Conclusions: early respiratory physiotherapy in preterm infants requiring non-invasive respiratory support at birth is safe and has proven to be protective against haemodynamically significant PDA. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acute and Chronic Lung Disease of the Neonate: Open Challenges and Novel Insights)

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7 pages, 1204 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Pandemic Allocation of Ventilators Model Penalizes Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Anupama Sundaram

Jonathan M. Fanaroff

Deanne Wilson-Costello

and

Children 2023, 10(8), 1404; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10081404 - 17 Aug 2023

Viewed by 513

Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, institutions developed ventilator allocation models. In one proposed model, neonates compete with adults for ventilators using a scoring system. Points are given for conditions that increase one- and five-year (y) mortality. For example, comparable points were added for adult conditions with mortality of 71.3% and for neonates with moderate or severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (mod/sBPD). We hypothesized that this model overestimates mortality in neonates with BPD and would penalize these infants unfairly. There was little information available on 1 y and 5 y mortality risk for mod/sBPD. To evaluate this allocation protocol, a retrospective chart review was performed on infants born ≥22 weeks and weighing <1500 g admitted to Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital in 2015 to identify babies with BPD. The main outcomes were 1 and 5 y mortality. In 2015, 28 infants were diagnosed with mod/s BPD based on NIH 2001 definition; 4 infants had modBPD and 24 had sBPD. All infants (100%) with modBPD survived to 5 y; 2 infants with sBPD died by 1 y (8%) and 22 survived (92%) to 1 y; 3 died (12.5%) by 5 y; and at least 13 survived (54%) to 5 y. Infants with mod/s BPD had lower-than-predicted 1 and 5 y mortality, suggesting the points assigned in the model are too high for these conditions. We believe this model would unfairly penalize these babies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acute and Chronic Lung Disease of the Neonate: Open Challenges and Novel Insights)

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