Editorial

3 pages, 194 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

by Kien Wen Sun

Chemosensors 2023, 11(9), 499; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11090499 - 12 Sep 2023

Viewed by 904

The advancement in chemosensory research towards the ionic species quantitation becomes vital to securing the environment for the future [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemosensors for Ion Detection)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

17 pages, 23170 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Green Synthesis of Multifunctional Silver Nanoparticles Using Plectranthus amboinicus for Sensitive Detection of Triethylamine, with Potential In Vitro Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities

by Lokesh Prabakaran, Weslen Vedakumari Sathyaraj, Beryl Vedha Yesudhason, Gowtham Kumar Subbaraj and Raji Atchudan

Chemosensors 2023, 11(7), 373; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11070373 - 04 Jul 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2043

Abstract

Biogenic nanoparticles synthesized using medicinal plant extracts gain significant attention in the field of medicine. Current research reports about a simple, low cost, eco-friendly method to prepare silver nanoparticles (SNPs) using the leaf extract of Plectranthus amboinicus. UV-Visible spectroscopic analysis showed a [...] Read more.

Biogenic nanoparticles synthesized using medicinal plant extracts gain significant attention in the field of medicine. Current research reports about a simple, low cost, eco-friendly method to prepare silver nanoparticles (SNPs) using the leaf extract of Plectranthus amboinicus. UV-Visible spectroscopic analysis showed a surface plasmon resonance peak of synthesized SNPs at 410 nm. SNPs had an average hydrodynamic diameter of 111.5 nm with a zeta potential value of –19.4 mV. FTIR spectroscopic measurement revealed the characteristic peaks of SNPs. Electron microscopic analysis showed spherical-shaped nanoparticles. The potency of SNPs as a calorimetric biosensor was evaluated using its ability in detecting triethylamine (TEA)—a toxic organic solvent. A drastic change in color (pale yellow → dark black) was observed when an SNPs was treated with varying concentrations (0.01 to 0.3 mM) of TEA. SNPs showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, the biosynthesized SNPs possessed efficient anticancer activity against B16F10 murine melanoma cells, which was evaluated using MTT, scratch wound, and live/dead cell assays. These results prove that SNPs can serve as biosensors and antibacterial and anticancer agents for industrial and biomedical applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemosensors for Ion Detection)

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13 pages, 1866 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spray-On Colorimetric Sensors for Distinguishing the Presence of Lead Ions

by Priyanka Shiveshwarkar and Justyn Jaworski

Chemosensors 2023, 11(6), 327; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11060327 - 02 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1446

Abstract

Sprayable stimuli-responsive material coatings represent a new class of detection system which can be quickly implemented to transform a surface into a color-responsive sensor. In this work, we describe a dipicolylamine-terminated diacetylene-containing amphiphile formulation for spray coating on to a simple paper substrate [...] Read more.

Sprayable stimuli-responsive material coatings represent a new class of detection system which can be quickly implemented to transform a surface into a color-responsive sensor. In this work, we describe a dipicolylamine-terminated diacetylene-containing amphiphile formulation for spray coating on to a simple paper substrate to yield disposable test strips that can be used to detect the presence of lead ions in solution. We find the response to be very selective to only lead ions and that the sensitivity can be modulated by altering the UV curing time after spraying. Sensitive detection to at least 0.1 mM revealed a clear color change from a blue to red phase. This represents the first demonstration of a spray-on sensor system capable of detection of lead ions in solution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemosensors for Ion Detection)

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16 pages, 4306 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Rhodamine Derivative-Linked Silica-Coated Upconverting Nanophosphor (NaYF₄: Yb³⁺/Er³⁺@SiO₂-RBDA) for Ratiometric, Ultrasensitive Chemosensing of Pb²⁺ Ions

by Jitender Kumar and Indrajit Roy

Chemosensors 2023, 11(5), 305; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11050305 - 19 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1095

Abstract

Lead (Pb²⁺) ions are considered as one of the primary environmental pollutants and have a profound effect on human health. In this work, we have developed a hybrid organic–inorganic optical nanochemosensor for selective and ultrasensitive detection of Pb²⁺ ions based [...] Read more.

Lead (Pb²⁺) ions are considered as one of the primary environmental pollutants and have a profound effect on human health. In this work, we have developed a hybrid organic–inorganic optical nanochemosensor for selective and ultrasensitive detection of Pb²⁺ ions based on energy transfer (ET), involving a Pb²⁺ sensitive rhodamine-derived named (E)-4-(((3′,6′-bis(diethylamino)-3-oxospiro[isoindoline-1,9′-xanthen]-2-yl)imino)methyl)benzaldehyde represented as RBDA, covalently linked with silica coated upconverting nanophosphors (UCNPs). The UCNPs emit visible light after being excited by NIR light, activating the Pb²⁺ coordinated RBDA (fluorescent probe). When Pb²⁺ ions were added, a yellow emission band at about 588 nm formed in upconverting photoluminescence spectra, whereas the strength of green emission at about 542 nm reduced upon excitation of 980 nm laser, indicating the energy transfer from UCNP to RBDA-Pb²⁺ complex. The concentration of Pb²⁺ ions directly affects how well the probe reabsorbs the green emission of the nanophosphor, thus enabling the ratiometric chemosensing. With a detection limit of 20 nM in aqueous, the resulting ET-based nochemosensor can also preferentially detect Pb²⁺ despite the presence of other ions. Owing to the minimal autofluorescence and the great penetration depth of NIR light and special optical features of UCNPs, this is a promising approach for sensitive and in-depth detection of Pb²⁺ ions in a complex ecological and biological specimen. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemosensors for Ion Detection)

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12 pages, 1873 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Novel Nitrate Ion-Selective Microsensor Fabricated by Means of Direct Ink Writing

by Franc Paré, Aida Visús, Gemma Gabriel and Mireia Baeza

Chemosensors 2023, 11(3), 174; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11030174 - 04 Mar 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1154

Abstract

In this work, the stability, electrical conductivity, and versatility of graphite-based inks were taken advantage of to fabricate a nitrate potentiometric sensor. One other key property that was exploited for the design of an ion-selective electrode was the hydrophobicity of graphite. This prevented [...] Read more.

In this work, the stability, electrical conductivity, and versatility of graphite-based inks were taken advantage of to fabricate a nitrate potentiometric sensor. One other key property that was exploited for the design of an ion-selective electrode was the hydrophobicity of graphite. This prevented the formation of a water layer between the solid contact and the polymeric selective membrane. Moreover, given the use of printing technologies for electrode fabrication, it was possible to easily miniaturize the sensors and achieve lower fabrication costs. In this article, a printed sensor, composed of a graphite working electrode and a Ag/AgCl reference electrode, is presented and thoroughly characterized. The working electrode was modified with a well-known PVC-ionophore membrane, and the reference electrode was protected with a PVB-NaCl saturated membrane. It showed almost-Nernstian sensitivity of −(55.4 ± 0.7) mV/dec to NO₃⁻, stability of up to 25 days of operation, limit of detection of 0.204 ± 0.009 mM, and repeatability of 99.02 % (N = 3). Coupled with its high selectivity compared with other anions, this low-cost, mass-producible sensor is a great alternative for environmental and industrial applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemosensors for Ion Detection)

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17 pages, 5695 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pyrene-Based Fluorescent Probe for “Off-on-Off” Sequential Detection of Cu²⁺ and CN⁻ with HeLa Cells Imaging

by Muthaiah Shellaiah, Parthiban Venkatesan, Natesan Thirumalaivasan, Shu-Pao Wu and Kien-Wen Sun

Chemosensors 2023, 11(2), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11020115 - 04 Feb 2023

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2093

Abstract

The novel pyrene-appended Schiff base probe L with aggregation-induced emissions (AIE) relevant to an increase in water fractions (0–90%) is synthesized and applied in sequentially detecting Cu²⁺ and CN⁻. The pyrene-based probe L firstly induces the excimer formation in the [...] Read more.

The novel pyrene-appended Schiff base probe L with aggregation-induced emissions (AIE) relevant to an increase in water fractions (0–90%) is synthesized and applied in sequentially detecting Cu²⁺ and CN⁻. The pyrene-based probe L firstly induces the excimer formation in the presence of Cu²⁺. However, the process can be reversed by sequentially adding CN⁻, which is demonstrated using the fluorescence “Off-On-Off” response in semi-aqueous media ethanol water (v/v = 7/3) under physiological pH (5 mM HEPES, pH 7.0). The Job’s plot, mass analysis, ¹H NMR titrations, and density functional theory (DFT) interrogations confirm the 2:1 stoichiometry of excimer complex L–Cu²⁺-L*, preferential binding atoms, and CN⁻ tuned complex reversibility. Based on the photoluminescence (PL) titration, the association constant of L to Cu²⁺ is determined as 4.95 × 10⁶ M⁻¹. From standard deviation and linear fittings, the detection limits (LODs) of Cu²⁺ and CN⁻ are estimated as 219 nM and 580 nM, respectively. The practicality of Cu²⁺ and CN⁻ detection is demonstrated using a TLC plate and a blended polymer membrane through which significant color changes under a UV lamp can be monitored. Moreover, utility of the designed probe L towards biological application with low toxicity is demonstrated by detecting Cu²⁺ and CN⁻ inside HeLa cells. The responses of the probe to Cu(II) ions were also verified using living HeLa cells imaging. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemosensors for Ion Detection)

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14 pages, 2283 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Counterions on the Detection of Cu²⁺ Ions in Aqueous Solutions Using Quartz Tuning Fork (QTF) Sensors Modified with L-Cysteine Self-Assembled Monolayers: Experimental and Quantum Chemical DFT Study

by Shofiur Rahman, Mahmoud A. Al-Gawati, Fatimah S. Alfaifi, Muthumareeswaran Muthuramamoorthy, Amal F. Alanazi, Hamad Albrithen, Khalid E. Alzahrani, Abdulaziz K. Assaifan, Abdullah N. Alodhayb and Paris E. Georghiou

Chemosensors 2023, 11(2), 88; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11020088 - 24 Jan 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1571

Abstract

In this study, a sensing device employing a gold-coated quartz tuning fork (QTF) modified with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of L-cysteine was evaluated for the sensitive detection of Cu²⁺ ions in aqueous solutions. Three copper (II) salts, CuSO₄, CuCl₂ [...] Read more.

In this study, a sensing device employing a gold-coated quartz tuning fork (QTF) modified with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of L-cysteine was evaluated for the sensitive detection of Cu²⁺ ions in aqueous solutions. Three copper (II) salts, CuSO₄, CuCl₂, and Cu(NO₃)₂, at four different concentrations (10⁻¹², 10⁻¹⁰, 10⁻⁸, and 10⁻⁶ M) in small (100 μL) water sample amounts were each used as analytes to investigate the influence of their counterions in the detection of the Cu²⁺ ions. It was found that, among the counterions, the sulfate anion had the largest effect upon the detection of Cu²⁺ in water, in the following order: SO₄²⁻ > Cl⁻ > NO₃⁻. The lower limit of detection of the Cu²⁺ ions detected was in the 10⁻¹² M range. The frequency shifts measured with the QTFs relative to deionized water were inversely proportional to the concentration/mass of the analytes. Density functional theory calculations were conducted to understand the effect of the counterions on the respective electronic interaction energies for the apparent host–guest binding of the analytes with L-cysteine and with gold surface-bound L-cysteine molecules. Gas phase (both with and uncorrected BSSE) and solution phase interaction energies (ΔIE) calculated at the B3LYP/LANL2DZ and ωB97XD levels of theory showed that the stability for the complexes were in the following order: [L-cysteine]⊃[CuSO₄] > [L-cysteine]⊃[CuCl₂] > [L-cysteine]⊃[Cu(NO₃)₂], which supports our experimental findings, as they were in the same order as the experimentally observed order for the copper salts tested: CuSO₄ > CuCl₂ > Cu(NO₃)₂. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemosensors for Ion Detection)

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13 pages, 2935 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Dual Fluorometric and Colorimetric Sulfide Sensor Based on Coordinating Self-Assembled Nanorods: Applicable for Monitoring Meat Spoilage

by Rana Dalapati, Matthew Hunter and Ling Zang

Chemosensors 2022, 10(12), 500; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10120500 - 25 Nov 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1775 | Correction

Abstract

Psychrotrophic bacteria, commonly called spoilage bacteria, can produce highly toxic hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in meat products. Thus, monitoring the presence of hydrogen sulfide in meat samples is crucial for food safety and storage. Here, we report a unique chemical sensor based [...] Read more.

Psychrotrophic bacteria, commonly called spoilage bacteria, can produce highly toxic hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in meat products. Thus, monitoring the presence of hydrogen sulfide in meat samples is crucial for food safety and storage. Here, we report a unique chemical sensor based on supramolecular nanorods synthesized via copper ion induced self-assembly of N,N-bis[aspartic potassium salt]-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (APBI-K). The self-assembled nanorods can specifically detect sulfide with a detection limit of 0.181 μM in solution. The nanorods suspended in pure water show a turn-on fluorescence sensing behavior along with color change, acting as a dual fluorometric and colorimetric sensor. Spectroscopic investigation confirms the sensing mechanism due to copper ion displacement induced by the association with sulfide. Based on the high selectivity and sensitivity, supramolecular nanorod sensors were successfully employed to detect H₂S in spoiled meat sample as well as dissolved H₂S in water. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemosensors for Ion Detection)

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14 pages, 5307 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Detection of Azo Dyes Using Carbon Dots from Olive Mill Wastes

by Diogo A. Sousa, Mário N. Berberan-Santos and José V. Prata

Chemosensors 2022, 10(11), 487; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10110487 - 16 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1525

Abstract

Azo dyes are widely spread in our day life, being heavily used in cosmetics, healthcare products, textile industries, and as artificial food colorants. This intense industrial activity, which inherently includes their own production, inexorably leads to uncontrolled release of dyes into the environment. [...] Read more.

Azo dyes are widely spread in our day life, being heavily used in cosmetics, healthcare products, textile industries, and as artificial food colorants. This intense industrial activity, which inherently includes their own production, inexorably leads to uncontrolled release of dyes into the environment. As emerging pollutants, their detection, particularly in water systems, is a priority. Herein, a fluorescence-based method was employed for the sensitive and selective detection of anionic and neutral azo dyes. Carbon dots (CDs) synthesized from wet pomace (WP), an abundant semi-solid waste of olive mills, were used as probes. An outstanding capability for detection of azo dyes methyl orange (MO) and methyl red (MR) in aqueous solutions was disclosed, which reached a limit of detection (LOD) of 151 ppb for MO. The selectivity of WP-CDs for the anionic azo dye (MO) was established through competitive experiments with other dyes, either anionic (indigo carmine) or cationic (fuchsin, methylene blue, and rhodamine 6G); perchlorate salts of transition metal cations (Cu(II), Co(II), Fe(II), Fe(III), Hg(II), and Pb(II)); and sodium salts of common anions (NO₃⁻, CO₃²⁻, Cl⁻, and SO₄²⁻). Evidence has been collected that supports static quenching as the main transduction event underlying the observed quenching of the probe’s fluorescence, combined with a dynamic resonance energy transfer (RET) mechanism at high MO concentrations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemosensors for Ion Detection)

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15 pages, 6027 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimizing the Heavy Metal Ion Sensing Properties of Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles: The Role of Surface Coating Density

by Andrea Rossi, Massimiliano Cuccioloni, Lisa Rita Magnaghi, Raffaela Biesuz, Marco Zannotti, Laura Petetta, Mauro Angeletti and Rita Giovannetti

Chemosensors 2022, 10(11), 483; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10110483 - 15 Nov 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1827

Abstract

We present a colorimetric sensor based on functionalized silver nanoparticles for the detection of metal ions in aqueous solutions. The interaction between the target metal ion and the functionalizing agent triggers the aggregation of these nanoparticles, and the consequent change in optical properties [...] Read more.

We present a colorimetric sensor based on functionalized silver nanoparticles for the detection of metal ions in aqueous solutions. The interaction between the target metal ion and the functionalizing agent triggers the aggregation of these nanoparticles, and the consequent change in optical properties allows the detection/quantification of the analyte. In detail, this work describes the synthesis of AgNPs by a chemical reduction method, and the production of mercaptoundecanoic acid functionalized NPs with different surface densities (multi-, full-, and two partial layers). UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to monitor the functionalization processes, and to investigate the aggregation behavior of each AgNPs@11MUA sensor upon titration with the metal ions of interest, namely Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺, Co²⁺, Cd²⁺, Mn²⁺, and Cu²⁺. The resulting UV-Vis raw data obtained for each layer density were submitted to principal component analysis to dissect the role of the metal ions in NP aggregation and in establishing the sensitivity and selectivity of the AgNPs@11MUA sensor. Interestingly, we observed an increase in sensor sensitivity and selectivity at a lower density of the functionalizing agent on the AgNPs’ surface, which results in characteristic colors of the NP suspension upon titration with each metal ion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemosensors for Ion Detection)

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14 pages, 3396 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Rational Design of Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Zn²⁺ Imaging under Oxidative Stress in Cells

by Yaheng Li, Shankun Yao, Hongbao Fang, Weijiang He, Yuncong Chen and Zijian Guo

Chemosensors 2022, 10(11), 477; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10110477 - 13 Nov 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1500

Abstract

Zn²⁺ is a vital ion for most of the physiological processes in the human body, and it usually has a mutual effect with oxidative stress that often occurs in pathological tissues. Detecting fluctuation of Zn²⁺ level in cells undergoing oxidative stress [...] Read more.

Zn²⁺ is a vital ion for most of the physiological processes in the human body, and it usually has a mutual effect with oxidative stress that often occurs in pathological tissues. Detecting fluctuation of Zn²⁺ level in cells undergoing oxidative stress could be beneficial to understanding the relationship between them. Herein, a ratiometric fluorescent Zn²⁺ probe was rationally designed. The wavelength corresponding to the maximum fluorescence intensity bathometrically shifted from 620 nm to 650 nm after coordinating with Zn²⁺. The intensity ratio of two fluorescence channels changed significantly in cells treated by oxidative stress inducers. It was shown from the results that the labile zinc level was generally elevated under oxidative stress stimulated by various inducers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemosensors for Ion Detection)

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16 pages, 19484 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Low-Tech Test for Mercury Detection: A New Option for Water Quality Assessment

by Nadezhda S. Komova, Kseniya V. Serebrennikova, Anna N. Berlina, Anatoly V. Zherdev and Boris B. Dzantiev

Chemosensors 2022, 10(10), 413; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10100413 - 11 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1371

Abstract

Mercury pollution is a global environmental problem, especially in low-resource areas where artisanal iron mining is taking place and industrialization is on the rise. Therefore, there is a demand for simple methods for the determination of toxic metals at low. In this study, [...] Read more.

Mercury pollution is a global environmental problem, especially in low-resource areas where artisanal iron mining is taking place and industrialization is on the rise. Therefore, there is a demand for simple methods for the determination of toxic metals at low. In this study, an on-field membrane lateral flow test system for sensitive and specific detection of Hg²⁺ in natural waters matrix is proposed. For this purpose, mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) conjugated with protein-carrier (bovine serum albumin) was pre-impregnated in the test zone of the strip and used as a capping agent for mercury complexation. Quantitative evaluation of the analyte was provided by the use of gold nanoparticles stabilized with Tween-20 as a detecting agent. The sensing principle relies on the formation of Au–Hg nanoalloy during the migration of a solution containing Hg²⁺ along the strip, followed by capture in the test zone with the formation of a colored complex. Under optimum conditions, the proposed lateral flow test exhibited the linear correlation between color intensity in the test zone from the concentration of Hg²⁺ in the range of 0.04–25 ng/mL. The total analysis time was 11 min, without the need for the usage of additional instrumentation. The detection limit was estimated to be 0.13 ng/mL, which is 45 times lower than the WHO guidelines. The applicability of the proposed lateral flow test was confirmed by the analysis of natural waters, with the recoveries ranging from 70 to 120%. Due to the high affinity of Au to Hg and the use of a capping agent for mercury complexing, the developed system demonstrates high selectivity toward Hg²⁺. Compared to existing analytical methods, the proposed approach can be easily implemented and is characterized by economy and high analytical performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemosensors for Ion Detection)

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Review

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24 pages, 8014 KiB

Open AccessReview

Architectures and Mechanisms of Perylene Diimide-Based Optical Chemosensors for pH Probing

by Shuai Chen, Meng Zhou, Ling Zhu, Xiaomei Yang and Ling Zang

Chemosensors 2023, 11(5), 293; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11050293 - 14 May 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1644

Abstract

The precise control and monitoring of pH values remain critical for many chemical, physiological and biological processes. Perylene diimide (PDI)-based molecules and materials exhibit excellent thermal, chemical and photochemical stability, unique UV-vis absorption and fluorescent emission properties, low cytotoxicity, as well as intrinsic [...] Read more.

The precise control and monitoring of pH values remain critical for many chemical, physiological and biological processes. Perylene diimide (PDI)-based molecules and materials exhibit excellent thermal, chemical and photochemical stability, unique UV-vis absorption and fluorescent emission properties, low cytotoxicity, as well as intrinsic electron-withdrawing (n-type semiconductor) nature and impressive molecular assembly capability. These features combined enable promising applications of PDIs in chemosensors via optical signal modulations (e.g., fluorescent or colorimetric). One of the typical applications lies in the probing of pH under various conditions, which in turn helps monitor the extracellular (environmental) and intracellular pH change and pH-relying molecular recognition of inorganic or organic ions, as well as biological species, and so on. In this review, we give a special overview of the recent progress in PDI-based optical chemosensors for pH probing in various aqueous and binary water–organic media. Specific emphasis will be given to the key design roles of sensing materials regarding the architectures and the corresponding sensing mechanisms for a sensitive and selective pH response. The molecular design of PDIs and structural optimization of their assemblies in order to be suitable for sensing various pH ranges as applied in diverse scenarios will be discussed in detail. Moreover, the future perspective will be discussed, focusing on the current key challenges of PDI-based chemosensors in pH monitoring and the potential approach of new research, which may help address the challenges. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemosensors for Ion Detection)

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40 pages, 75040 KiB

Open AccessReview

Review on Anti-Aggregation-Enabled Colorimetric Sensing Applications of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles

by Muthaiah Shellaiah and Kien-Wen Sun

Chemosensors 2022, 10(12), 536; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10120536 - 16 Dec 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2694

Abstract

Gold- and silver nanoparticles (Au NPs and Ag NPs)-based colorimetric detection of specific analytes has attracted intense research interest and is still in great demand. The majority of Au NPs- and Ag NPs-based sensory reports have revealed that, during the analyte recognition, dispersed [...] Read more.

Gold- and silver nanoparticles (Au NPs and Ag NPs)-based colorimetric detection of specific analytes has attracted intense research interest and is still in great demand. The majority of Au NPs- and Ag NPs-based sensory reports have revealed that, during the analyte recognition, dispersed NPs typically aggregated and displayed color changes from wine-red to blue/purple and yellow to orange/brown, respectively. On the other hand, only a few reports demonstrated that the aggregated Au NPs and Ag NPs underwent anti-aggregation in the presence of certain analytes, which displayed reversed color changes from blue/purple to wine-red and orange/brown to yellow, correspondingly. There are some examples of anti-aggregation phenomena mentioned in a vast number of studies on Au NPs- and Ag NPs-based colorimetric sensors via NP aggregation. However, a review targeting the anti-aggregation-enabled Au NPs- and Ag NPs-based colorimetric sensing of diverse analytes is not yet available. In this review, anti-aggregation-facilitated Au NPs- and Ag NPs-based colorimetric detection of metal ions, anions, bio-analytes, pesticides, and herbicides is delivered with detailed underlying mechanisms. Moreover, the probe design, sensory requirement, merits, limitations, and future scope of anti-aggregation-enabled Au NPs- and Ag NPs-based colorimetric sensors are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemosensors for Ion Detection)

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19 pages, 4174 KiB

Open AccessReview

Deferoxamine-Based Materials and Sensors for Fe(III) Detection

by Giancarla Alberti, Camilla Zanoni, Lisa Rita Magnaghi and Raffaela Biesuz

Chemosensors 2022, 10(11), 468; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10110468 - 09 Nov 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2616

Abstract

Deferoxamine (DFO) is a siderophore widely studied for its ability to bind iron(III) strongly. Thanks to its versatility, it is suitable for several clinical and analytical applications, from the recognized iron(III) chelation therapy to the most recent applications in sensing. The presence of [...] Read more.

Deferoxamine (DFO) is a siderophore widely studied for its ability to bind iron(III) strongly. Thanks to its versatility, it is suitable for several clinical and analytical applications, from the recognized iron(III) chelation therapy to the most recent applications in sensing. The presence of three hydroxamic functional groups enables Deferoxamine to form stable complexes with iron(III) and other divalent and trivalent metal ions. Moreover, the terminal amino group in the DFO molecule, not involved in metal ion complexation, allows modification or functionalization of solid phases, nanoobjects, biopolymers, electrodes and optical devices. This review summarizes and discusses deferoxamine-based applications for the chelation and recognition of Fe(III). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemosensors for Ion Detection)

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59 pages, 49448 KiB

Open AccessReview

Recent Developments in Rhodamine-Based Chemosensors: A Review of the Years 2018–2022

by Yujiao Wang, Xiaojun Wang, Wenyu Ma, Runhua Lu, Wenfeng Zhou and Haixiang Gao

Chemosensors 2022, 10(10), 399; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10100399 - 03 Oct 2022

Cited by 35 | Viewed by 4070

Abstract

Chemosensors based on traditional fluorescent dyes have always contributed to the development of chemical sensor areas. In this review, the rhodamine-based chemosensors’ improvements and applications from 2018 to 2022 are discussed, mainly focusing on cations (metal ions and H⁺), anions (CN [...] Read more.

Chemosensors based on traditional fluorescent dyes have always contributed to the development of chemical sensor areas. In this review, the rhodamine-based chemosensors’ improvements and applications from 2018 to 2022 are discussed, mainly focusing on cations (metal ions and H⁺), anions (CN⁻, F⁻, etc.), and small bio-functional molecules’ (thiols, amino acids, etc.) detection. Specifically, this review highlights the detection target, detection limit, detection solution system, detection mechanism, and performance of the rhodamine-based sensors. Although these rhodamine-based sensors are well developed, their repeatability and sensitivity still need significant improvement. This review is expected to bring new clues and bright ideas to researchers for further advances in rhodamine-based chemosensors in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemosensors for Ion Detection)

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