Special Issue "Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities"

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cells of the Nervous System".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 November 2023 | Viewed by 1930

Special Issue Editor

Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Interests: neuroscience; hypoxia; neonatal; neonatal encephalopathy; hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy; microRNA
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Neonatal brain damage or neonatal encephalopathy is mainly caused by hypoxia-ischemia and is a major cause of concern in neonatal units. The prognosis of infants suffering from neonatal brain damage is particularly poor, accounting for 1 million neonatal deaths every year worldwide, and survivors will develop neurological conditions. Both diagnosis and treatment, however, remain a clinical challenge with current therapeutics, being effective only in a subgroup of patients and diagnostic/prognostic methods are either inaccurate or possibly too late for an effective treatment. Since the first preclinical model developed by Rice-Vannuci in rats, new preclinical models have been developed in pigs, sheets, and mice, to mimic the pathology of neonatal encephalopathy in infants. Emerging evidence from these pre-clinical models has started to elucidate the mechanism underlying neonatal brain damage, including oxidative stress, hyperexcitability, and neuroinflammation, which will guide novel therapies and diagnostic tools. This Special Issue will compile the latest results on hypoxia-ischemia encephalopathy.

Dr. Eva María Jiménez-Mateos
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • hypoxia-ischemia
  • encephalopathy
  • brain
  • treatments
  • diagnostics

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

Review
Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in ECMO: Pathophysiology, Neuromonitoring, and Therapeutic Opportunities
Cells 2023, 12(11), 1546; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12111546 - 05 Jun 2023
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Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), in conjunction with its life-saving benefits, carries a significant risk of acute brain injury (ABI). Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) is one of the most common types of ABI in ECMO patients. Various risk factors, such as history of hypertension, [...] Read more.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), in conjunction with its life-saving benefits, carries a significant risk of acute brain injury (ABI). Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) is one of the most common types of ABI in ECMO patients. Various risk factors, such as history of hypertension, high day 1 lactate level, low pH, cannulation technique, large peri-cannulation PaCO2 drop (∆PaCO2), and early low pulse pressure, have been associated with the development of HIBI in ECMO patients. The pathogenic mechanisms of HIBI in ECMO are complex and multifactorial, attributing to the underlying pathology requiring initiation of ECMO and the risk of HIBI associated with ECMO itself. HIBI is likely to occur in the peri-cannulation or peri-decannulation time secondary to underlying refractory cardiopulmonary failure before or after ECMO. Current therapeutics target pathological mechanisms, cerebral hypoxia and ischemia, by employing targeted temperature management in the case of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR), and optimizing cerebral O2 saturations and cerebral perfusion. This review describes the pathophysiology, neuromonitoring, and therapeutic techniques to improve neurological outcomes in ECMO patients in order to prevent and minimize the morbidity of HIBI. Further studies aimed at standardizing the most relevant neuromonitoring techniques, optimizing cerebral perfusion, and minimizing the severity of HIBI once it occurs will improve long-term neurological outcomes in ECMO patients. Full article
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Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Title: FOXO transcription factors and their role in ischemic brain injury
Authors: Hongmin Wang, Xiaoping Li, and Christa Huber
Affiliation: Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA

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