Antioxidants in Redox Homeostasis of Plant Development

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant, Algae and Fungi Cell Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2025 | Viewed by 1835

Special Issue Editors


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Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
Interests: plant tissue culture; primary and secondary metabolism; biosynthesis of functional metabolites
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The dynamic and flexible processes of plant growth and development, even with the greatest compliance, generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), primarily in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. ROS can be significant inhibitors of photosynthetic processes through the inhibition of CO2 fixation, and can lead to the formation of cytotoxic lipid aldehydes, alkenes, malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as the deactivation of Calvin cycle enzymes. Although their harmful effects have been confirmed, ROS can also act as signaling molecules and secondary messengers, so coordinating the process of ROS production and their elimination in the cellular environment enables adequate signaling reactions, including enzyme activation and gene expression. The increased concentrations of ROS can lead to significant damage to nucleic acids and carbohydrates, protein oxidation, and lipid peroxidation, resulting in oxidative stress. The highly sophisticated antioxidant mechanism allows plant cells to overcome impaired redox homeostasis and stress-induced damage. The current Special Issue attempts to summarize the most recent knowledge of stress mitigation through antioxidant activation, as well as the opportunities for specific classes of antioxidants to contribute to plant redox homeostasis. Since coordinated changes occur at several levels of plant organization, studies regarding the differences in the location and biochemical properties of antioxidants resulting in an adaptable and flexible antioxidant system are highly appreciated, together with integrative approaches in improving plant growth and development.

Dr. Dragana Z. Jakovljević
Dr. Milan S. Stankovic
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • reactive oxygen species
  • radical scavenging
  • oxidative stress
  • plant growth and development
  • primary and secondary metabolites

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 3554 KiB  
Article
How to Differentiate between Resistant and Susceptible Wheat Cultivars for Leaf Rust Fungi Using Antioxidant Enzymes and Histological and Molecular Studies?
by Reda I. Omara, Omar Abdullah Alkhateeb, Ahmed Hassan Abdou, Gabr A. El-Kot, Atef A. Shahin, Heba I. Saad-El-Din, Rady Abdelghany, Wasimah B. AL-Shammari, Muayad Albadrani, Yaser Hafez and Khaled Abdelaal
Cells 2023, 12(22), 2643; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12222643 - 17 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 879
Abstract
Eight wheat cultivars, Sakha-94, Giza-171, Sids-1, Sids-12, Sids-13, Shandweel-1, Misr-1, and Misr-2, were evaluated for leaf rust at the seedling and adult stages in the 2021 and 2022 seasons. Biochemical, histological, and genetic analyses were performed to determine the link between cultivars that [...] Read more.
Eight wheat cultivars, Sakha-94, Giza-171, Sids-1, Sids-12, Sids-13, Shandweel-1, Misr-1, and Misr-2, were evaluated for leaf rust at the seedling and adult stages in the 2021 and 2022 seasons. Biochemical, histological, and genetic analyses were performed to determine the link between cultivars that were either sensitive or resistant to the disease. Misr-2 and Giza-171 cultivars had the highest levels of resistance to leaf rust races in 2021 (LTCGT, STSJT, and TTTST) and 2022 (MBGJT, TTTKS, and TTTTT) at the seedling stage. However, at the adult stage, Sakha-94, Giza-171, Misr-1, and Misr-2 cultivars had the highest levels of resistance; consequently, they had the lowest final disease severity and the lowest values of AUDPC. The correlation between the seedling reaction and adult reaction was non-significant, with values of 0.4401 and 0.4793 in the 2021 and 2022 seasons, respectively. Throughout the biochemical, histological, and genetic analyses, it was observed that catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities significantly increased in the resistant cultivars. The discoloration of superoxide (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) significantly decreased in resistant and moderately resistant wheat cultivars (Sakha-94, Giza-171, Misr-1, and Misr-2); higher hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2-) levels were recorded for the susceptible cultivars compared to the resistant cultivars. Molecular markers proved that the Lr50 gene was detected in the resistant cultivars. Puccinia triticina infections negatively affected most histological characteristics of flag leaves, especially in susceptible cultivars. The thickness of the blade (µ), the thickness of the upper and lower epidermis (UE and LE), the thickness of mesophyll tissue (MT), and bundle length and width in the midrib were decreased in susceptible cultivars such as Sids-1, Sids-13, and Shandwel-1 compared with resistant cultivars. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Redox Homeostasis of Plant Development)
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