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Photocatalysis and Sonocatalysis for Environmental Applications: Synergy or Competition?
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Photocatalysis and Sonocatalysis for Environmental Applications: Synergy or Competition?

A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Catalysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 9129

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sergey I. Nikitenko

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Marcoule Institute in Separation Chemistry, Bat. 426, BP, 17171, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
Interests: nanomaterials; sonochemistry; catalysis; photocatalysis; actinide chemistry; separation chemistry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Within the progressive increase of environmental concerns, many efforts are directed towards finding promising methods for the removal of pollutants from wastewater using reagent-free technologies. Among different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), photocatalysis and sonocatalysis are considered promising techniques for the degradation of organic pollutants. These processes are often considered as competing approaches. However, comparative studies of these techniques are still scarce in the literature. Moreover, several studies have pointed out that the choice of a suitable treatment process, such as sonocatalysis, photocatalysis, or their combination (sonophotocatalysis), is highly dependent on the nature of pollutant and chosen catalyst. This Special Issue seeks to bridge the gap between photo- and sonocatalysis. You are cordially invited to submit both review and original research articles dealing with photocatalytic, sonocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic processes for the degradation of organic and biological pollutants in water and wastewater matrices.

Dr. Sergey Nikitenko
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Catalysts is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 175 KiB  
Editorial
Photocatalysis and Sonocatalysis for Environmental Applications: Synergy or Competition?
by Sergey I. Nikitenko
Catalysts 2024, 14(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14010002 - 19 Dec 2023
Viewed by 732
Abstract
This Editorial refers to the Special Issue entitled “Photocatalysis and Sonocatalysis for Environmental Applications: Synergy or Competition [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photocatalysis and Sonocatalysis for Environmental Applications: Synergy or Competition?)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

10 pages, 2302 KiB  
Article
CuO/ZnO/CQDs@PAN Nanocomposites with Ternary Heterostructures for Enhancing Photocatalytic Performance
by Huanhuan Xu, Peizhi Fan and Lan Xu
Catalysts 2023, 13(1), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13010110 - 04 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1906
Abstract
Photocatalysis is a green technology. In this paper, CuO/ZnO/carbon quantum dots (CQDs)@PAN nanocomposites with ternary heterostructures (CZC@PAN)—as high-performance environmentally friendly nanophotocatalysts—were prepared by electrospinning, heat treatment, and hydrothermal synthesis in sequence, and their practical applications were investigated by degrading methylene blue (MB). The [...] Read more.
Photocatalysis is a green technology. In this paper, CuO/ZnO/carbon quantum dots (CQDs)@PAN nanocomposites with ternary heterostructures (CZC@PAN)—as high-performance environmentally friendly nanophotocatalysts—were prepared by electrospinning, heat treatment, and hydrothermal synthesis in sequence, and their practical applications were investigated by degrading methylene blue (MB). The synergistic effects of components in ternary heterostructures on the morphology, structure, and photocatalytic performance of CZC@PAN were analyzed, and their photocatalytic mechanism was further discussed. The results showed that due to the formation of p-n heterojunctions and the loading of CQDs and CZC@PAN had excellent photocatalytic degradation performance, and its photocatalytic degradation rate for MB reached 99.56% under natural sunlight for 4 h. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photocatalysis and Sonocatalysis for Environmental Applications: Synergy or Competition?)
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9 pages, 1621 KiB  
Article
Influence of Butanol Isomerization on Photothermal Hydrogen Production over Ti@TiO2 Core-Shell Nanoparticles
by Sara El Hakim, Mathéo Bathias, Tony Chave and Sergey I. Nikitenko
Catalysts 2022, 12(12), 1662; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12121662 - 17 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1292
Abstract
In this work, we reported for the first time the effect of butanol isomerization on the photothermal production of hydrogen in the presence of a noble, metal-free Ti@TiO2 core-shell photocatalyst. The experiments were performed in aqueous solutions of 1-BuOH, 2-BuOH, and t-BuOH [...] Read more.
In this work, we reported for the first time the effect of butanol isomerization on the photothermal production of hydrogen in the presence of a noble, metal-free Ti@TiO2 core-shell photocatalyst. The experiments were performed in aqueous solutions of 1-BuOH, 2-BuOH, and t-BuOH under Xe lamp irradiation (vis/NIR: 8.4 W, UV: 0.6 W) at 35–69 °C. The increase in temperature significantly enhanced H2 formation, indicating a strong photothermal effect in the studied systems. However, in dark conditions, H2 emission was not observed even at elevated temperatures, which clearly points out the photonic origin of H2 photothermal formation. The rate of H2 production followed the order of 1-BuOH >> 2-BuOH > t-BuOH in the entire range of studied temperatures. In the systems with 1-BuOH and 2-BuOH, hydrogen was the only gaseous product measured online in the outlet carrier argon using mass spectrometry. By contrast, a mixture of H2, CH4, and C2H6 was detected for t-BuOH, indicating a C–C bond scission with this isomer during photocatalytic degradation. The apparent activation energies, Ea, with 1-BuOH/2-BuOH isomers (20–21 kJ·mol−1) was found to be larger than for t-BuOH (13 kJ·mol−1). The significant difference in thermal response for 1-BuOH/2-BuOH and t-BuOH isomers was ascribed to the difference in the photocatalytic mechanisms of these species. The photothermal effect with 1-BuOH/2-BuOH isomers can be explained by the thermally induced transfer of photogenerated, shallowly trapped electron holes to highly reactive free holes at the surface of TiO2 and the further hole-mediated cleavage of the O-H bond. In the system with t-BuOH, another mechanism could also contribute to the overall process through hydrogen abstraction from the C–H bond by an intermediate •OH radical, leading to CH3• group ejection. Formation of •OH radicals during light irradiation of Ti@TiO2 nanoparticle suspension in water has been confirmed using terephthalate dosimetry. This analysis also revealed a positive temperature response of •OH radical formation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photocatalysis and Sonocatalysis for Environmental Applications: Synergy or Competition?)
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16 pages, 3658 KiB  
Article
Enhancement and Mechanism of Rhodamine B Decomposition in Cavitation-Assisted Plasma Treatment Combined with Fenton Reactions
by Yifan Xu, Sergey Komarov, Takuya Yamamoto and Takaaki Kutsuzawa
Catalysts 2022, 12(12), 1491; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12121491 - 22 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1314
Abstract
In our previous study, a novel method combining underwater high-voltage plasma discharge with acoustic cavitation (ACAP) was developed and implemented using rhodamine B (RhB) as a model organic pollutant. Results revealed that injecting argon gas into the ACAP reactor positively influences [...] Read more.
In our previous study, a novel method combining underwater high-voltage plasma discharge with acoustic cavitation (ACAP) was developed and implemented using rhodamine B (RhB) as a model organic pollutant. Results revealed that injecting argon gas into the ACAP reactor positively influences RhB decomposition efficiency, but there is still further potential for improvement. The aim of this study was therefore to further improve the efficiency of the ACAP process through Fenton reactions. Two options for ferrous ion supply were considered: the addition of FeCl2 or the dissolution of iron from ACAP reactor steel parts into the RhB-containing solution. The results revealed that the degradation efficiency is increased by 20% due to the Fenton reactions when the concentration of ferrous ions reaches an optimal value. Lower pH was found to be desirable for the effect of Fenton reactions. Based on measurements using high performance liquid chromatography, a plausible mechanism of RhB degradation by the ACAP process assisted by Fenton reactions is additionally proposed and discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photocatalysis and Sonocatalysis for Environmental Applications: Synergy or Competition?)
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20 pages, 4205 KiB  
Article
Photocatalytic Degradation of Magenta Effluent Using Magnetite Doped TiO2 in Solar Parabolic Trough Concentrator
by Gordana Pucar Milidrag, Jasmina Nikić, Vesna Gvoić, Aleksandra Kulić Mandić, Jasmina Agbaba, Milena Bečelić-Tomin and Djurdja Kerkez
Catalysts 2022, 12(9), 986; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12090986 - 01 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1525
Abstract
Due to population growth and industrial development consumption of non-renewable energy sources, and consequently pollution, has increased. In order to reduce energy utilisation and preserve the environment, developed and developing countries are increasingly trying to find solutions based on renewable energy sources. Cost-effective [...] Read more.
Due to population growth and industrial development consumption of non-renewable energy sources, and consequently pollution, has increased. In order to reduce energy utilisation and preserve the environment, developed and developing countries are increasingly trying to find solutions based on renewable energy sources. Cost-effective wastewater treatment methods using solar energy would significantly ensure effective water source utilisation, thereby contributing towards sustainable development goals. In this paper, special emphasis is given to the use of solar energy as the driving force of the process, as well as the use of highly active magnetic TiO2-based catalysts. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the possibility of photocatalytic degradation of aqueous magenta graphic dye using titanium dioxide as a catalyst and DSD model in order to achieve the best process optimisation. TiO2 was successfully coated with magnetic nanoparticles by one step process and characterized using different techniques (BET, SEM/EDS, FTIR, XRD). Based on DSD statistical method optimal reaction conditions were pH = 6.5; dye concentration 100 mg/L; TiO2–Fe3O4 0.6 g/L, at which the highest degree of magenta dye decolourisation was achieved (85%). Application of solar energy coupled with magnetic TiO2 catalyst which could be recovered and reused makes this approach a promising alternative in green wastewater treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photocatalysis and Sonocatalysis for Environmental Applications: Synergy or Competition?)
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12 pages, 1742 KiB  
Article
Sonophotocatalysis—Limits and Possibilities for Synergistic Effects
by Dirk Paustian, Marcus Franke, Michael Stelter and Patrick Braeutigam
Catalysts 2022, 12(7), 754; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12070754 - 08 Jul 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1622
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes are promising techniques for water remediation and degradation of micropollutants in aqueous systems. Since single processes such as sonolysis and photocatalysis exhibit limitations, combined AOP systems can enhance degradation efficiency. The present work addresses the synergistic intensification potential of an [...] Read more.
Advanced oxidation processes are promising techniques for water remediation and degradation of micropollutants in aqueous systems. Since single processes such as sonolysis and photocatalysis exhibit limitations, combined AOP systems can enhance degradation efficiency. The present work addresses the synergistic intensification potential of an ultrasound-assisted photocatalysis (sonophotocatalysis) for bisphenol A degradation with a low-frequency sonotrode (f = 20 kHz) in a batch-system. The effects of energy input and suspended photocatalyst dosage (TiO2-nanoparticle, m = 0–0.5 g/L) were investigated. To understand the synergistic effects, the sonication characteristics were investigated by bubble-field analysis, hydrophone measurements, and chemiluminescence of luminol to identify cavitation areas due to the generation of hydroxyl radicals. Comparing the sonophotocatalysis with sonolysis and photocatalysis (incl. mechanical stirring), synergies up to 295% and degradation rates of up to 1.35 min−1 were achieved. Besides the proof of synergistic intensification, the investigation of energy efficiency for a degradation degree of 80% shows that a process optimization can be realized. Thus, it could be demonstrated that there is an effective limit of energy input depending on the TiO2 dosage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photocatalysis and Sonocatalysis for Environmental Applications: Synergy or Competition?)
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