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Catalysts
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Enzymatic Catalysis in Bio-Based Chemicals Production
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Enzymatic Catalysis in Bio-Based Chemicals Production

A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344). This special issue belongs to the section "Biocatalysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2023) | Viewed by 6494

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Wei Du

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Interests: lipids transformation; enzymatic catalysis; biofuels
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Sulaiman Al-Zuhair

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Chemical Engineering Department, UAE University, AlAin 15551, United Arab Emirates
Interests: enzymatic technology; biofuels; wastewater treatment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Miao Guo

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical & Engineering Sciences, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
Interests: biorenewable manufacturing; waste resource recovery; mathematical optimisation; machine learning

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is universally recognized that enzyme-mediated catalysis has become increasingly popular since enzymes are highly specific and efficient. The enzymatic reaction system offers several advantages in terms of improved reaction selectivity, reduced energy costs, enhanced reliability, environmental friendliness, and sustainability.

In this Special Issue, we welcome original research articles and reviews focused on all aspects of enzymatic reaction for bio-based chemicals production, including process optimization, enzyme production, bio-reactor, biomass utilization, enzymology, nanotechnology, life cycle analysis etc.

Dr. Wei Du 
Prof. Dr. Sulaiman Al-Zuhair
Dr. Miao Guo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Catalysts is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • enzyme
  • bio-based chemicals
  • catalysis
  • sustainability
  • specificity

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2679 KiB  
Article
Whole-Cell PVA Cryogel-Immobilized Microbial Consortium LE-C1 for Xanthan Depolymerization
by Elena V. Zhurishkina, Elena V. Eneyskaya, Svetlana V. Shvetsova, Lyudmila V. Yurchenko, Kirill S. Bobrov and Anna A. Kulminskaya
Catalysts 2023, 13(9), 1249; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13091249 - 29 Aug 2023
Viewed by 779
Abstract
Xanthan is an extracellular heteropolysaccharide produced by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. Due to its unique properties, the polysaccharide and its derivatives are widely used in many industries, from food to biomedicine and oil production, that demands an efficient xanthan depolymerization method to [...] Read more.
Xanthan is an extracellular heteropolysaccharide produced by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. Due to its unique properties, the polysaccharide and its derivatives are widely used in many industries, from food to biomedicine and oil production, that demands an efficient xanthan depolymerization method to adapt this polysaccharide for various applications. Unlike the known chemical approaches, biological methods are considered to be more environmentally friendly and less energy intensive. In laboratory conditions, we have isolated a bacterial community capable of reducing the xanthan viscosity. Identification of the individual isolates in the microbial community and their testing resulted in the consortium LE-C1, consisting of two microorganisms Paenibacillus phytohabitans KG5 and Cellulosimicrobium cellulans KG3. The specific activities of the overall xanthanase and auxiliary enzymes that may be involved in the xanthan depolymerization were as follows: xanthanase, 19.6 ± 0.6 U/g; β-glucosidase, 3.4 ± 0.1 U/g; α-mannosidase, 68.0 ± 2.0 U/g; β-mannosidase, 0.40 ± 0.01 U/g; endo-glucanase, 4.0 ± 0.1 U/g; and xanthan lyase, 2.20 ± 0.07 U/mg. In order to increase the efficiency of xanthan biodegradation, the LE-C1 whole cells were immobilized in a poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogel. The resulting regenerative biocatalyst was able to complete xanthan depolymerization within 40 cycles without loss of activity or degradation of the matrix. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enzymatic Catalysis in Bio-Based Chemicals Production)
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12 pages, 1939 KiB  
Article
Enzymatic Formation of Protectin Dx and Its Production by Whole-Cell Reaction Using Recombinant Lipoxygenases
by Kyung-Chul Shin, Tae-Eui Lee, Su-Eun Kim, Yoon-Joo Ko, Min-Ju Seo and Deok-Kun Oh
Catalysts 2022, 12(10), 1145; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12101145 - 30 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1332
Abstract
In the human body, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contained in fish oil is converted to trace amounts of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) as the principal bioactive metabolites for their pharmacological effects. Protectin Dx (PDX), an SPM, is an important medicinal compound with biological activities [...] Read more.
In the human body, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contained in fish oil is converted to trace amounts of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) as the principal bioactive metabolites for their pharmacological effects. Protectin Dx (PDX), an SPM, is an important medicinal compound with biological activities such as modulation of endogenous antioxidant systems, inflammation pro-resolving action, and inhibition of influenza virus replication. Although it can be biotechnologically synthesized from DHA, it has not yet been produced quantitatively. Here, we found that 15S-lipoxygenase from Burkholderia thailandensis (BT 15SLOX) converted 10S-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (10S-HDHA) to PDX using enzymatic reactions, which was confirmed by LC-MS/MS and NMR analyses. Thus, whole-cell reactions of Escherichia coli cells expressing BT 15SLOX were performed in flasks to produce PDX from lipase-treated DHA-enriched fish oil along with E. coli cells expressing Mus musculus (mouse) 8S-lipoxygenase (MO 8SLOX) that converted DHA to 10S-HDHA. First, 1 mM DHA (DHA-enriched fish oil hydrolysate, DFOH) was obtained from 455 mg/L DHA-enriched fish oil by lipase for 1 h. Second, E. coli cells expressing MO 8SLOX converted 1 mM DHA in DFOH to 0.43 mM 10S-HDHA for 6 h. Finally, E. coli cells expressing BT 15SLOX converted 0.43 mM 10S-HDHA in MO 8SLOX-treated DFOH to 0.30 mM (108 mg/L) PDX for 5 h. Consequently, DHA-enriched fish oil at 455 mg/L was converted to 108 mg/L PDX after a total of 12 h (conversion yield: 24% (w/w); productivity: 4.5 mg/L/h). This study is the first report on the quantitative production of PDX via biotechnological approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enzymatic Catalysis in Bio-Based Chemicals Production)
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Review

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26 pages, 2437 KiB  
Review
Membrane Bioreactors: A Promising Approach to Enhanced Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulose
by Saleha Al-Mardeai, Emad Elnajjar, Raed Hashaikeh, Boguslaw Kruczek, Bart Van der Bruggen and Sulaiman Al-Zuhair
Catalysts 2022, 12(10), 1121; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12101121 - 27 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2085
Abstract
The depletion of fossil fuel resources and the negative impact of their use on the climate have resulted in the need for alternative sources of clean, sustainable energy. One available alternative, bioethanol, is a potential substitute for, or additive to, petroleum-derived gasoline. In [...] Read more.
The depletion of fossil fuel resources and the negative impact of their use on the climate have resulted in the need for alternative sources of clean, sustainable energy. One available alternative, bioethanol, is a potential substitute for, or additive to, petroleum-derived gasoline. In the lignocellulose-to-bioethanol process, the cellulose hydrolysis step represents a major hurdle that hinders commercialization. To achieve economical production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic materials, the rate and yield of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose, which is preferred over other chemically catalyzed processes, must be enhanced. To achieve this, product inhibition and enzyme loss, which are two major challenges, must be overcome. The implementation of membranes, which can permeate molecules selectively based on their size, offers a solution to this problem. Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) can enhance enzymatic hydrolysis yields and lower costs by retaining enzymes for repeated usage while permeating the products. This paper presents a critical discussion of the use of MBRs as a promising approach to the enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic materials. Various MBR configurations and factors that affect their performance are presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enzymatic Catalysis in Bio-Based Chemicals Production)
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20 pages, 2711 KiB  
Review
Progress & Prospect of Enzyme-Mediated Structured Phospholipids Preparation
by Yuhan Li, Lingmei Dai, Dehua Liu and Wei Du
Catalysts 2022, 12(7), 795; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12070795 - 19 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1750
Abstract
In recent years, structured phospholipids (SPLs), which are modified phospholipids (PLs), have attracted more attention due to their great potential for application in the field of pharmacy, food, cosmetics, and health. SPLs not only possess enhanced chemical, physical and nutritional properties, but also [...] Read more.
In recent years, structured phospholipids (SPLs), which are modified phospholipids (PLs), have attracted more attention due to their great potential for application in the field of pharmacy, food, cosmetics, and health. SPLs not only possess enhanced chemical, physical and nutritional properties, but also present superior bioavailability in comparison with other lipid forms, such as triacylglycerols, which make SPLs become more competitive carriers to increase the absorption of the specific fatty acids in the body. Compared with chemical-mediated SPLs, the process of enzyme-mediated SPLs has the advantages of high product variety, high substrate selectivity, and mild operation conditions. Both lipases and phospholipases can be used in the enzymatic production of SPLs, and the main reaction type contains esterification, acidolysis, and transesterification. During the preparation, reaction medium, acyl migration, water content/activity, substrates and enzymes, and some other parameters have significant effects on the production and purity of the desired PLs products. In this paper, the progress in enzymatic modification of PLs over the last 20 years is reviewed. Reaction types and characteristic parameters are summarized in detail and the parameters affecting acyl migration are first discussed to give the inspiration to optimize the enzyme-mediated SPLs preparation. To expand the application of enzyme-mediated SPLs in the future, the prospect of further study on SPLs is also proposed at the end of the paper. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enzymatic Catalysis in Bio-Based Chemicals Production)
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