Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

4 pages, 180 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Metal Organic Frameworks for Advanced Applications

by Carolina Belver and Jorge Bedia

Catalysts 2021, 11(5), 648; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11050648 - 20 May 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2099

Abstract

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous materials with a modular structure [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue MOFs for Advanced Applications)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

18 pages, 3660 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effective Separation of Prime Olefins from Gas Stream Using Anion Pillared Metal Organic Frameworks: Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory Studies, Cyclic Application and Stability

by Majeda Khraisheh, Fares Almomani and Gavin Walker

Catalysts 2021, 11(4), 510; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11040510 - 18 Apr 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2667

Abstract

The separation of C₃H₄/C₃H₆ is one of the most energy intensive and challenging operations, requiring up to 100 theoretical stages, in traditional cryogenic distillation. In this investigation, the potential application of two MOFs (SIFSIX-3-Ni and NbOFFIVE-1-Ni) [...] Read more.

The separation of C₃H₄/C₃H₆ is one of the most energy intensive and challenging operations, requiring up to 100 theoretical stages, in traditional cryogenic distillation. In this investigation, the potential application of two MOFs (SIFSIX-3-Ni and NbOFFIVE-1-Ni) was tested by studying the adsorption-desorption behaviors at a range of operational temperatures (300–360 K) and pressures (1–100 kPa). Dynamic adsorption breakthrough tests were conducted and the stability and regeneration ability of the MOFs were established after eight consecutive cycles. In order to establish the engineering key parameters, the experimental data were fitted to four isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips and Toth) in addition to the estimation of the thermodynamic properties such as the isosteric heats of adsorption. The selectivity of the separation was tested by applying ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST). The results revealed that SIFSIX-3-Ni is an effective adsorbent for the separation of 10/90 v/v C₃H₄/C₃H₆ under the range of experimental conditions used in this study. The maximum adsorption reported for the same combination was 3.2 mmol g⁻¹. Breakthrough curves confirmed the suitability of this material for the separation with a 10-min gab before the lighter C₃H₄ is eluted from the column. The separated C₃H₆ was obtained with a 99.98% purity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue MOFs for Advanced Applications)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

11 pages, 3130 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Metal(II) Coordination Polymers from Tetracarboxylate Linkers: Synthesis, Structures, and Catalytic Cyanosilylation of Benzaldehydes

by Yu Li, Chumin Liang, Xunzhong Zou, Jinzhong Gu, Marina V. Kirillova and Alexander M. Kirillov

Catalysts 2021, 11(2), 204; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11020204 - 03 Feb 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1867

Abstract

Three 2D coordination polymers, [Cu₂(µ₄-dpa)(bipy)₂(H₂O)]_n∙6nH₂O (1), [Mn₂₍µ₆-dpa)(bipy)₂]_n (2), and [Zn₂(µ₄-dpa)(bipy)₂(H₂O)₂] [...] Read more.

Three 2D coordination polymers, [Cu₂(µ₄-dpa)(bipy)₂(H₂O)]_n∙6nH₂O (1), [Mn₂₍µ₆-dpa)(bipy)₂]_n (2), and [Zn₂(µ₄-dpa)(bipy)₂(H₂O)₂]_n·2nH₂O (3), were prepared by a hydrothermal method using metal(II) chloride salts, 3-(2′,4′-dicarboxylphenoxy)phthalic acid (H₄dpa) as a linker, as well as 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) as a crystallization mediator. Compounds 1–3 were obtained as crystalline solids and fully characterized. The structures of 1–3 were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, revealing 2D metal-organic networks of sql, 3,6L66, and hcb topological types. Thermal stability and catalytic behavior of 1–3 were also studied. In particular, zinc(II) coordination polymer 3 functions as a highly active and recoverable heterogeneous catalyst in the mild cyanosilylation of benzaldehydes with trimethylsilyl cyanide to give cyanohydrin derivatives. The influence of various parameters was investigated, including a time of reaction, a loading of catalyst and its recycling, an effect of solvent type, and a substrate scope. As a result, up to 93% product yields were attained in a catalyst recoverable and reusable system when exploring 4-nitrobenzaldehyde as a model substrate. This study contributes to widening the types of multifunctional polycarboxylic acid linkers for the design of novel coordination polymers with notable applications in heterogeneous catalysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue MOFs for Advanced Applications)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

14 pages, 5298 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

ZIF-67 Derived MnO₂ Doped Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

by Usman Salahuddin, Naseem Iqbal, Tayyaba Noor, Saadia Hanif, Haider Ejaz, Neelam Zaman and Safeer Ahmed

Catalysts 2021, 11(1), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11010092 - 12 Jan 2021

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3551

Abstract

In this study, zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) derived nano-porous carbon structures that were further hybridized with MnO₂ were tested for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as cathode material for fuel cells. The prepared electrocatalyst was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron [...] Read more.

In this study, zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) derived nano-porous carbon structures that were further hybridized with MnO₂ were tested for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as cathode material for fuel cells. The prepared electrocatalyst was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX). Cyclic voltammetry was performed on these materials at different scan rates under dissolved oxygen in basic media (0.1 M KOH), inert and oxygen rich conditions to obtain their I–V curves. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Chronoamperometry was also performed to observe the materials’ impedance and stability. We report improved performance of hybridized catalyst for ORR based on cyclic voltammetry and EIS results, which show that it can be a potential candidate for fuel cell applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue MOFs for Advanced Applications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 4881 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Efficient Photocatalytic CO₂ Reduction with MIL-100(Fe)-CsPbBr₃ Composites

by Ruolin Cheng, Elke Debroye, Johan Hofkens and Maarten B. J. Roeffaers

Catalysts 2020, 10(11), 1352; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10111352 - 20 Nov 2020

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 3833

Abstract

Bromide-based metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are promising photocatalysts with strong blue-green light absorption. Composite photocatalysts of MHPs with MIL-100(Fe), as a powerful photocatalyst itself, have been investigated to extend the responsiveness towards red light. The composites, with a high specific surface area, display [...] Read more.

Bromide-based metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are promising photocatalysts with strong blue-green light absorption. Composite photocatalysts of MHPs with MIL-100(Fe), as a powerful photocatalyst itself, have been investigated to extend the responsiveness towards red light. The composites, with a high specific surface area, display an enhanced solar light response, and the improved charge carrier separation in the heterojunctions is employed to maximize the photocatalytic performance. Optimization of the relative composition, with the formation of a dual-phase CsPbBr₃ to CsPb₂Br₅ perovskite composite, shows an excellent photocatalytic performance with 20.4 μmol CO produced per gram of photocatalyst during one hour of visible light irradiation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue MOFs for Advanced Applications)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

10 pages, 5444 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Testing Metal–Organic Framework Catalysts in a Microreactor for Ethyl Paraoxon Hydrolysis

by Palani Elumalai, Nagat Elrefaei, Wenmiao Chen, Ma’moun Al-Rawashdeh and Sherzod T. Madrahimov

Catalysts 2020, 10(10), 1159; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10101159 - 09 Oct 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3498

Abstract

We explored the practical advantages and limitations of applying a UiO-66-based metal–organic framework (MOF) catalyst in a flow microreactor demonstrated by the catalytic hydrolysis of ethyl paraoxon, an organophosphorus chemical agent. The influences of the following factors on the reaction yield were [...] Read more.

We explored the practical advantages and limitations of applying a UiO-66-based metal–organic framework (MOF) catalyst in a flow microreactor demonstrated by the catalytic hydrolysis of ethyl paraoxon, an organophosphorus chemical agent. The influences of the following factors on the reaction yield were investigated: a) catalyst properties such as crystal size (14, 200, and 540 nm), functionality (NH₂ group), and particle size, and b) process conditions: temperature (20, 40, and 60 °C), space times, and concentration of the substrate. In addition, long-term catalyst stability was tested with an 18 h continuous run. We found that tableting and sieving is a viable method to obtain MOF particles of a suitable size to be successfully screened under flow conditions in a microreactor. This method was used successfully to study the effects of crystal size, functionality, temperature, reagent concentration, and residence time. Catalyst particles with a sieved fraction between 125 and 250 µm were found to be optimal. A smaller sieved fraction size showed a major limitation due to the very high pressure drop. The low apparent activation energy indicated that internal mass transfer may exist. A dedicated separate study is required to assess the impact of pore diffusion and site accessibility. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue MOFs for Advanced Applications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 3599 KiB

Open AccessArticle

High Catalytic Efficiency of a Layered Coordination Polymer to Remove Simultaneous Sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds from Fuels

by Fátima Mirante, Ricardo F. Mendes, Filipe A. Almeida Paz and Salete S. Balula

Catalysts 2020, 10(7), 731; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10070731 - 02 Jul 2020

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2428

Abstract

An ionic lamellar coordination polymer based on a flexible triphosphonic acid linker, [Gd(H₄nmp)(H₂O)₂]Cl₂ H₂O (1) (H₆nmp stands for nitrilo(trimethylphosphonic) acid), presents high efficiency to remove sulfur and nitrogen pollutant compounds from model [...] Read more.

An ionic lamellar coordination polymer based on a flexible triphosphonic acid linker, [Gd(H₄nmp)(H₂O)₂]Cl₂ H₂O (1) (H₆nmp stands for nitrilo(trimethylphosphonic) acid), presents high efficiency to remove sulfur and nitrogen pollutant compounds from model diesel. Its oxidative catalytic performance was investigated using single sulfur (1-BT, DBT, 4-MDBT and 4,6-DMDBT, 2350 ppm of S) and nitrogen (indole and quinolone, 400 ppm of N) model diesels and further, using multicomponent S/N model diesel. Different methodologies of preparation followed (microwave, one-pot, hydrothermal) originated small morphological differences that did not influenced the catalytic performance of catalyst. Complete desulfurization and denitrogenation were achieved after 2 h using single model diesels, an ionic liquid as extraction solvent ([BMIM]PF₆) and H₂O₂ as oxidant. Simultaneous desulfurization and denitrogenation processes revealed that the nitrogen compounds are more easily removed from the diesel phase to the [BMIM]PF₆ phase and consequently, faster oxidized than the sulfur compounds. The lamellar catalyst showed a high recycle capacity for desulfurization. The reusability of the diesel/H₂O₂/[BMIM]PF₆ system catalyzed by lamellar catalyst was more efficient for denitrogenation than for desulfurization process using a multicomponent model diesel. This behavior is not associated with the catalyst performance but it is mainly due to the saturation of S/N compounds in the extraction phase. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue MOFs for Advanced Applications)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

16 pages, 6504 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Thermal Post-Treatments to Enhance the Water Stability of NH₂-MIL-125(Ti)

by Almudena Gómez-Avilés, Virginia Muelas-Ramos, Jorge Bedia, Juan Jose Rodriguez and Carolina Belver

Catalysts 2020, 10(6), 603; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10060603 - 29 May 2020

Cited by 31 | Viewed by 5445

Abstract

NH₂-MIL-125(Ti) is a metal organic framework (MOF) based on Ti-oxo-clusters widely investigated in water-related applications. Such applications require MOFs with an excellent stability in the aqueous phase, but, despite this, the extent of MOFs’ degradation in water is still not yet [...] Read more.

NH₂-MIL-125(Ti) is a metal organic framework (MOF) based on Ti-oxo-clusters widely investigated in water-related applications. Such applications require MOFs with an excellent stability in the aqueous phase, but, despite this, the extent of MOFs’ degradation in water is still not yet fully understood. In this study, we report a quantitative study of the water stability of NH₂-MIL-125(Ti), analyzing the ligand release along the contact time in water. This study demonstrates that NH₂-MIL-125(Ti) easily leached out over time while maintaining its structure. The effect of different thermal treatments applied to NH₂-MIL-125(Ti) was investigated to enhance its water stability. The structural and textural properties of those modified MOFs were studied in detail and those maintaining the NH₂-MIL-125(Ti) properties were exposed to aqueous medium. The analysis of the released ligand concentration in the filtrate can provide information on the water stability of this material. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue MOFs for Advanced Applications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 1164 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cu^II- and Co^II-Based MOFs: {[La₂Cu₃(µ-H₂O)(ODA)₆(H₂O)₃]∙3H₂O}_n and {[La₂Co₃(ODA)₆(H₂O)₆]∙12H₂O}_n. The Relevance of Physicochemical Properties on the Catalytic Aerobic Oxidation of Cyclohexene

by Luis Santibáñez, Néstor Escalona, Julia Torres, Carlos Kremer, Patricio Cancino and Evgenia Spodine

Catalysts 2020, 10(5), 589; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10050589 - 25 May 2020

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2999

Abstract

The aerobic oxidation of cyclohexene was done using the heterometallic metal organic frameworks (MOFs) {[La₂Cu₃(μ-H₂O)(ODA)₆(H₂O)₃]⋅3H₂O}_n (LaCuODA)) (1) and {[La₂Co₃(ODA)₆ [...] Read more.

The aerobic oxidation of cyclohexene was done using the heterometallic metal organic frameworks (MOFs) {[La₂Cu₃(μ-H₂O)(ODA)₆(H₂O)₃]⋅3H₂O}_n (LaCuODA)) (1) and {[La₂Co₃(ODA)₆(H₂O)₆]∙12H₂O}_n (LaCoODA) (2) as catalysts, in solvent free conditions (ODA, oxydiacetic acid). After 24 h of reaction, the catalytic system showed that LaCoODA had a better catalytic performance than that of LaCuODA (conversion 85% and 67%). The structures of both catalysts were very similar, showing channels running along the c axis. The physicochemical properties of both MOFs were determined to understand the catalytic performance. The Langmuir surface area of LaCoODA was shown to be greater than that of LaCuODA, while the acid strength and acid sites were greater for LaCuODA. On the other hand, the redox potential of the active sites was related to Co^II/Co^III in LaCoODA and Cu^II/Cu^I in LaCuODA. Therefore, it is concluded that the Langmuir surface area and the redox potentials were more important than the acid strength and acid sites of the studied MOFs, in terms of the referred catalytic performance. Finally, the reaction conditions were also shown to play an important role in the catalytic performance of the studied systems. Especially, the type of oxidant and the way to supply it to the reaction medium influenced the catalytic results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue MOFs for Advanced Applications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 1658 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fast Immobilization of Human Carbonic Anhydrase II on Ni-Based Metal-Organic Framework Nanorods with High Catalytic Performance

by Mengzhao Jiao, Jie He, Shanshan Sun, Frank Vriesekoop, Qipeng Yuan, Yanhui Liu and Hao Liang

Catalysts 2020, 10(4), 401; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10040401 - 06 Apr 2020

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3394

Abstract

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) has received considerable attention for its ability to capture carbon dioxide efficiently. This study reports a simple strategy for immobilizing recombinant carbonic anhydrase II from human (hCA II) on Ni-based MOFs (Ni-BTC) nanorods, which was readily achieved in a one-pot [...] Read more.

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) has received considerable attention for its ability to capture carbon dioxide efficiently. This study reports a simple strategy for immobilizing recombinant carbonic anhydrase II from human (hCA II) on Ni-based MOFs (Ni-BTC) nanorods, which was readily achieved in a one-pot immobilization of His-tagged hCA II (His-hCA II). Consequently, His-hCA II from cell lysate could obtain an activity recovery of 99% under optimal conditions. After storing for 10 days, the immobilized His-hCA II maintained 40% activity while the free enzyme lost 91% activity. Furthermore, during the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetic acid, immobilized His-hCA II exhibited excellent reusability and still retained more than 65% of the original activity after eight cycles. In addition, we also found that Ni-BTC had no fixation effect on proteins without histidine-tag. These results show that the Ni-BTC MOFs have a great potential with high efficiency for and specific binding of immobilized enzymes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue MOFs for Advanced Applications)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

9 pages, 1296 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Enhancing the Water Resistance of Mn-MOF-74 by Modification in Low Temperature NH₃-SCR

by Sheng Wang, Qiang Gao, Xiuqin Dong, Qianyun Wang, Ying Niu, Yifei Chen and Haoxi Jiang

Catalysts 2019, 9(12), 1004; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9121004 - 29 Nov 2019

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 4687

Abstract

In this study, Mn-MOF-74 was successfully synthesized and further modified via two paths for enhanced water resistance. The structure and morphology of the modified samples were investigated by a series of characterization methods. The results of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) performance tests showed [...] Read more.

In this study, Mn-MOF-74 was successfully synthesized and further modified via two paths for enhanced water resistance. The structure and morphology of the modified samples were investigated by a series of characterization methods. The results of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) performance tests showed that polyethylene oxide-polypropylene-polyethylene oxide (P123)-modified Mn-MOF-74 exhibited outstanding NO conversion of up to 92.1% in the presence of 5 vol.% water at 250 °C, compared to 52% for Mn-MOF-74 under the same conditions. It was concluded that the water resistance of Mn-MOF-74 was significantly promoted after the introduction of P123 and that the unmodified P123-Mn-MOF-74 was proven to be a potential low-temperature SCR catalyst. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue MOFs for Advanced Applications)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

11 pages, 1787 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Surface Modification of a MOF-based Catalyst with Lewis Metal Salts for Improved Catalytic Activity in the Fixation of CO₂ into Polymers

by Sudakar Padmanaban and Sungho Yoon

Catalysts 2019, 9(11), 892; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9110892 - 26 Oct 2019

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3879

Abstract

The catalyst zinc glutarate (ZnGA) is widely used in the industry for the alternating copolymerization of CO₂ with epoxides. However, the activity of this heterogeneous catalyst is restricted to the outer surface of its particles. Consequently, in the current study, to increase [...] Read more.

The catalyst zinc glutarate (ZnGA) is widely used in the industry for the alternating copolymerization of CO₂ with epoxides. However, the activity of this heterogeneous catalyst is restricted to the outer surface of its particles. Consequently, in the current study, to increase the number of active surface metal centers, ZnGA was treated with diverse metal salts to form heterogeneous, surface-modified ZnGA-Metal chloride (ZnGA-M) composite catalysts. These catalysts were found to be highly active for the copolymerization of CO₂ and propylene oxide. Among the different metal salts, the catalysts treated with ZnCl₂ (ZnGA-Zn) and FeCl₃ (ZnGA-Fe) exhibited ~38% and ~25% increased productivities, respectively, compared to untreated ZnGA catalysts. In addition, these surface-modified catalysts are capable of producing high-molecular-weight polymers; thus, this simple and industrially viable surface modification method is beneficial from an environmental and industrial perspective. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue MOFs for Advanced Applications)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

20 pages, 4843 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Replacement of Chromium by Non-Toxic Metals in Lewis-Acid MOFs: Assessment of Stability as Glucose Conversion Catalysts

by Ralentri Pertiwi, Ryan Oozeerally, David L. Burnett, Thomas W. Chamberlain, Nikolay Cherkasov, Marc Walker, Reza J. Kashtiban, Yuni K. Krisnandi, Volkan Degirmenci and Richard I. Walton

Catalysts 2019, 9(5), 437; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9050437 - 09 May 2019

Cited by 35 | Viewed by 5167

Abstract

The metal–organic framework MIL-101(Cr) is known as a solid–acid catalyst for the solution conversion of biomass-derived glucose to 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF). We study the substitution of Cr³⁺ by Fe³⁺ and Sc³⁺ in the MIL-101 structure in order to prepare more [...] Read more.

The metal–organic framework MIL-101(Cr) is known as a solid–acid catalyst for the solution conversion of biomass-derived glucose to 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF). We study the substitution of Cr³⁺ by Fe³⁺ and Sc³⁺ in the MIL-101 structure in order to prepare more environmentally benign catalysts. MIL-101(Fe) can be prepared, and the inclusion of Sc is possible at low levels (10% of Fe replaced). On extended synthesis times the polymorphic MIL-88B structure instead forms.Increasing the amount of Sc also only yields MIL-88B, even at short crystallisation times. The MIL-88B structure is unstable under hydrothermal conditions, but in dimethylsulfoxide solvent, it provides 5-HMF from glucose as the major product. The optimum material is a bimetallic (Fe,Sc) form of MIL-88B, which provides ~70% conversion of glucose with 35% selectivity towards 5-HMF after 3 hours at 140 °C: this offers high conversion compared to other heterogeneous catalysts reported in the same solvent. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue MOFs for Advanced Applications)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research

33 pages, 3696 KiB

Open AccessReview

Metal-Organic Frameworks as a Platform for CO₂ Capture and Chemical Processes: Adsorption, Membrane Separation, Catalytic-Conversion, and Electrochemical Reduction of CO₂

by Salma Ehab Mohamed Elhenawy, Majeda Khraisheh, Fares AlMomani and Gavin Walker

Catalysts 2020, 10(11), 1293; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10111293 - 09 Nov 2020

Cited by 77 | Viewed by 14365

Abstract

The continuous rise in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide gas (CO₂) is of significant global concern. Several methodologies and technologies are proposed and applied by the industries to mitigate the emissions of CO₂ into the atmosphere. This review article [...] Read more.

The continuous rise in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide gas (CO₂) is of significant global concern. Several methodologies and technologies are proposed and applied by the industries to mitigate the emissions of CO₂ into the atmosphere. This review article offers a large number of studies that aim to capture, convert, or reduce CO₂ by using a superb porous class of materials (metal-organic frameworks, MOFs), aiming to tackle this worldwide issue. MOFs possess several remarkable features ranging from high surface area and porosity to functionality and morphology. As a result of these unique features, MOFs were selected as the main class of porous material in this review article. MOFs act as an ideal candidate for the CO₂ capture process. The main approaches for capturing CO₂ are pre-combustion capture, post-combustion capture, and oxy-fuel combustion capture. The applications of MOFs in the carbon capture processes were extensively overviewed. In addition, the applications of MOFs in the adsorption, membrane separation, catalytic conversion, and electrochemical reduction processes of CO₂ were also studied in order to provide new practical and efficient techniques for CO₂ mitigation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue MOFs for Advanced Applications)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

31 pages, 6010 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperEditor’s ChoiceReview

POM@MOF Hybrids: Synthesis and Applications

by Jiamin Sun, Sara Abednatanzi, Pascal Van Der Voort, Ying-Ya Liu and Karen Leus

Catalysts 2020, 10(5), 578; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10050578 - 21 May 2020

Cited by 58 | Viewed by 10204

Abstract

The hybrid materials that are created by supporting or incorporating polyoxometalates (POMs) into/onto metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have a unique set of properties. They combine the strong acidity, oxygen-rich surface, and redox capability of POMs, while overcoming their drawbacks, such as difficult handling, a [...] Read more.

The hybrid materials that are created by supporting or incorporating polyoxometalates (POMs) into/onto metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have a unique set of properties. They combine the strong acidity, oxygen-rich surface, and redox capability of POMs, while overcoming their drawbacks, such as difficult handling, a low surface area, and a high solubility. MOFs are ideal hosts because of their high surface area, long-range ordered structure, and high tunability in terms of the pore size and channels. In some cases, MOFs add an extra dimension to the functionality of hybrids. This review summarizes the recent developments in the field of POM@MOF hybrids. The most common applied synthesis strategies are discussed, together with major applications, such as their use in catalysis (organocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photocatalysis). The more than 100 papers on this topic have been systematically summarized in a handy table, which covers almost all of the work conducted in this field up to now. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue MOFs for Advanced Applications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

32 pages, 9556 KiB

Open AccessReview

Application of Various Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as Catalysts for Air and Water Pollution Environmental Remediation

by Sanha Jang, Sehwan Song, Ji Hwan Lim, Han Seong Kim, Bach Thang Phan, Ki-Tae Ha, Sungkyun Park and Kang Hyun Park

Catalysts 2020, 10(2), 195; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10020195 - 06 Feb 2020

Cited by 34 | Viewed by 7911

Abstract

The use of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to solve problems, like environmental pollution, disease, and toxicity, has received more attention and led to the rapid development of nanotechnology. In this review, we discuss the basis of the metal-organic framework as well as its application [...] Read more.

The use of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to solve problems, like environmental pollution, disease, and toxicity, has received more attention and led to the rapid development of nanotechnology. In this review, we discuss the basis of the metal-organic framework as well as its application by suggesting an alternative of the present problem as catalysts. In the case of filtration, we have developed a method for preparing the membrane by electrospinning while using an eco-friendly polymer. The MOFs were usable in the environmental part of catalytic activity and may provide a great material as a catalyst to other areas in the near future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue MOFs for Advanced Applications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 3071 KiB

Open AccessReview

Recent Advances in MOF-based Nanocatalysts for Photo-Promoted CO₂ Reduction Applications

by Chang Liu, Wenzhi Wang, Bin Liu, Jing Qiao, Longfei Lv, Xueping Gao, Xue Zhang, Dongmei Xu, Wei Liu, Jiurong Liu, Yanyan Jiang, Zhou Wang, Lili Wu and Fenglong Wang

Catalysts 2019, 9(8), 658; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9080658 - 31 Jul 2019

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 6674

Abstract

The conversion of CO₂ to valuable substances (methane, methanol, formic acid, etc.) by photocatalytic reduction has important significance for both the sustainable energy supply and clean environment technologies. This review systematically summarized recent progress in this field and pointed out the current [...] Read more.

The conversion of CO₂ to valuable substances (methane, methanol, formic acid, etc.) by photocatalytic reduction has important significance for both the sustainable energy supply and clean environment technologies. This review systematically summarized recent progress in this field and pointed out the current challenges of photocatalytic CO₂ reduction while using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-based materials. Firstly, we described the unique advantages of MOFs based materials for photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ and its capacity to solve the existing problems. Subsequently, the latest research progress in photocatalytic CO₂ reduction has been documented in detail. The catalytic reaction process, conversion efficiency, as well as the product selectivity of photocatalytic CO₂ reduction while using MOFs based materials are thoroughly discussed. Specifically, in this review paper, we provide the catalytic mechanism of CO₂ reduction with the aid of electronic structure investigations. Finally, the future development trend and prospect of photocatalytic CO₂ reduction are anticipated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue MOFs for Advanced Applications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

MOFs for Advanced Applications

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editors

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Published Papers (17 papers)

Editorial

Research

Review

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI