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Special Issue "Zeolites and Zeolite-Based Catalysts in Industrial Catalysis"

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A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344). This special issue belongs to the section "Industrial Catalysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 3839

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Prof. Dr. Izabela Czekaj
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Guest Editor

Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
Interests: porous materials; zeolites design and modeling; catalysis; biomass valorization; odor elimination; deNOx; deN2O; theoretical modeling; industrial catalytic processes design; electrochemistry; biofuels

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is devoted to the design and characterization of zeolites for industrial processes. The aim is to determine the current state of knowledge, indicate areas requiring further research, and show the direction of ongoing development work regarding zeolites’ design, also including theoretical modeling as support for industrial processes. The main attention will be focused on comprehensive studies of the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of zeolite performance in industrial processes such as, but not limited to, biomass valorization, the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides, N₂O decomposition, alkylation, refinery, petrochemistry, organic compounds adsorption, filtration, and odor elimination.

The scope also includes the investigation of zeolites under conditions close to industrial ones, comparisons of the studied catalytic zeolite-based systems with the currently operating commercial systems, and demonstrations of the validity of their application in a given industrial process.

Prof. Dr. Izabela Czekaj
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

industrial organic processes with zeolites
zeolite industrial catalysts
zeolites’ characterization
zeolites’ synthesis
theoretical modeling and design of zeolites
zeolites’ deactivation
modeling and design of zeolites
natural and synthetic zeolites

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 7370 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Zeolitic Imidazolium Frameworks-Derived Ru-Based Composite Materials Enable the Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Alcohols to Carboxylic Acids

and

Catalysts 2023, 13(8), 1225; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13081225 - 20 Aug 2023

Viewed by 634

Abstract

The metal-catalyzed dehydrogenation of alcohols without any oxidant or additive has been demonstrated as an atom-economic and environmentally friendly strategy for carboxylic acid synthesis. Among the various catalysts applied to this transformation, Ru-based homogeneous ones have been the most extensively studied owing to their remarkable catalytic activity. However, these catalysts required multiple complicated synthesis steps. In addition, they were either difficult to recycle or their recovery processes were relatively tedious. Therefore, a series of Ru-containing heterogeneous catalysts with zeolitic imidazolium frameworks (ZIFs)-derived materials were designed and fabricated. A thorough screening of various parameters was conducted, and it was found that the material obtained by loading a Ru concentration of 0.05 mol/L into Co species embedded in porous N-doped carbon (Ru_0.05@Co-NC) had the best catalytic performance in this transformation, affording a handful of carboxylic acid products from the corresponding aromatic or aliphatic alcohols in moderate to high yields. Additionally, the catalyst showed remarkable recyclability as it could be recycled eight times with stable activity fluctuation (45–52%). It is noteworthy that catalyst recycling was convenient and fast, which could be realized simply by an external magnet. Moreover, the stable morphology and structure of Ru_0.05@Co-NC, along with its high specific surface area, hierarchical pore structure, high porosity, and other properties, jointly contributed to its high catalytic activity and good recyclability. Furthermore, the stability and activity of Ru_0.05@Co-NC were further evaluated through acid etching experiments, which revealed that some Ru species could stably exist in concentrated acids and play a pivotal role in promoting this catalytic process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Zeolites and Zeolite-Based Catalysts in Industrial Catalysis)

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14 pages, 2539 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Catalytic Cracking of Fischer-Tropsch Wax on Different Zeolite Catalysts

and

Catalysts 2023, 13(8), 1223; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13081223 - 18 Aug 2023

Viewed by 666

Abstract

Fisher-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is a promising method to make alternative hydrocarbons from biomass or other resources. Upgrading the primary FTS products is of considerable interest. Cracking FT wax is economically attractive to produce light olefins. Herein, the effects of the zeolite type, Si/Al ratio of ZSM-5, and reaction condition on the catalytic cracking of FT wax were investigated. It was found that the pore structure and acid properties of zeolites had a significant impact on the product selectivity. USY was beneficial for the production of gasoline and diesel, while β was suitable for the production of propylene and butenes, and ZSM-5 was conductive to producing ethylene and propylene. Increasing the Si/Al ratio of ZSM-5 can suppress the hydrogen transfer reaction and increase the selectivity of light olefins. When the Si/Al ratio of ZSM-5 was 140, the mass yields of ethylene, propylene, and butenes were 6.40%, 26.83%, and 20.10%, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Zeolites and Zeolite-Based Catalysts in Industrial Catalysis)

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21 pages, 9011 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of the Mechanisms of deNOx and deN₂O Processes on Bimetallic Cu–Zn and Monometallic Cu–Cu Dimers in Clinoptilolite Zeolite—A DFT Study Simulating Industrial Conditions

Izabela Kurzydym

Weronika Magnuszewska

and

Izabela Czekaj

Catalysts 2023, 13(8), 1210; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13081210 - 14 Aug 2023

Viewed by 723

Abstract

This paper presents two mechanisms for the deNOx process and for the deN₂O process (in two variants). The processes were carried out on a clinoptilolite zeolite catalyst with a deposited Cu–Cu monometallic dimer and Cu–Zn bimetallic dimer with bridged oxygen between the metal atoms. Analyses were performed for hydrated forms of the catalyst with a hydrated bridging oxygen on one of the metal atoms. Calculations were performed using DFT (density functional theory) based on an ab initio method. The analyses included calculations of the energies of individual reaction steps and analysis of charges, bond orders and bond lengths as well as HOMO, SOMO and LUMO orbitals of selected steps in the mechanism. Based on the results obtained, it was determined that the most efficient catalyst for both processes is a Cu–Zn bimetallic catalyst with a bridged hydroxyl group. It shows higher efficiency in the limiting step (formation of the -N₂H intermediate product) than the previously studied FAU and MFI zeolites with a Cu–Zn bimetallic dimer. In addition, the possibility of using the catalytic system from the deNOx process in the deN₂O process was presented, which can benefit SCR installations. In addition, it was proved that the order of adsorption of NO and N₂O has significance for further steps of the deN₂O process. In order to improve the comparison of FAU, MFI and CLI zeolite catalysts with a Cu–Zn dimer, further studies on the deN₂O mechanism for the first two zeolites are needed. This study allows us to propose a bimetallic catalyst for the deNOx and deN₂O processes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Zeolites and Zeolite-Based Catalysts in Industrial Catalysis)

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18 pages, 4451 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Organic Acids from Glucose—Heterogeneous Catalysis with the Participation of Natural Zeolite

Natalia Sobuś

Igor Łabaj

and

Magdalena Król

Catalysts 2023, 13(8), 1202; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13081202 - 11 Aug 2023

Viewed by 598

Abstract

In this paper, we present the results of a one-pot process for converting, utilizing a modified clinoptilolite catalyst. Iron, cobalt, and copper were introduced into the zeolite structure as active centers. The modified clinoptilolite catalyst was characterized in terms of phase composition, structure, and microstructure (using XRD, BET, FT-IR, and DRS UV-VIS), as well as the speciation of introduced metals. The catalytic process was conducted at a temperature of 250 °C for 1–5 h. Depending on the catalyst used and the specific process conditions, the reaction mixture exhibited the formation of various organic acids, including lactic acid (100% yield after 1 h using CLI), levulinic acid (40.3% yield after 5 h using Fe-H-CLI), formic acid (15.8% yield after 3 h using Fe-H-CLI), and acrylic acid (11.9% yield after 5 h using Fe-CLI). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Zeolites and Zeolite-Based Catalysts in Industrial Catalysis)

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12 pages, 2902 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nano-Hollow Zeolite-Encapsulated Highly Dispersed Ultra-Fine Fe Nanoparticles as Fischer–Tropsch Catalyst for Syngas-to-Olefins

and

Catalysts 2023, 13(6), 948; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13060948 - 30 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 889

Abstract

A nano-hollow zeolite-encapsulating ultra-fine Fe nanoparticle catalyst denoted as Fe@_n-hS-HT was successfully synthesized through a simple water steam treatment of the Fe@_n-hS catalyst prepared by the “dissolution–recrystallization” (D-R) method. The Fe@_n-hS-HT catalyst had a hierarchical porous structure and a high dispersion of Fe₂O₃ particles with a size of 3.4 nm. Furthermore, the results of several characterization methods, such as XRD, HAADF-STEM, and H₂-TPR, further demonstrated the transformation of the skeleton Fe in Fe@_n-hS into Fe₂O₃, which was uniformly dispersed in the Fe@_n-hS-HT catalyst. Meanwhile, Fe@_n-hS-HT had significantly higher selectivity and yield of C₂-C₄⁼ than the reference catalysts Fe/S and Fe@_n-hS, which provided strong proof for the confined catalysis of the metal@zeolite catalyst. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Zeolites and Zeolite-Based Catalysts in Industrial Catalysis)

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