Metastatic Cutaneous Neoplasms and Not Only: Current Knowledge and Perspectives

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Metastasis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 October 2024 | Viewed by 2775

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, Candiolo, Italy
Interests: breast pathology; dermopathology; metastasis; gynecopathology

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Guest Editor
Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
Interests: lymphoma diagnosis; neoplastic microenvironment; bone marrow pathology; Sjögren syndrome and gastrointestinal carcinogenesis; neuropathology; CNS tumors
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The skin is not only an organ (the largest in the human body, in fact) from which primitive benign or malignant neoplasms can originate, but it can also be the site of metastases from the most varied and different districts of the body. In fact, by virtue of its peculiar histopathological, biochemical. and physiological characteristics, it is not infrequent that it can represent a site of diffusion of neoplasms that have arisen elsewhere. In this Special Issue (SI), we invite colleagues from all over the globe to submit case reports, case series, original articles, editorials, comments, and reviews that focus on this topic, with particular attention to the underlying mechanisms that form the basis of engagement of the skin during malignancy.

Dr. Eliano Cascardi
Dr. Gerardo Cazzato
Dr. Giuseppe Ingravallo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Editorial

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2 pages, 165 KiB  
Editorial
Cutaneous Metastasis from Internal Malignancies: The Revealing Role of the Skin
by Gerardo Cazzato, Anna Colagrande, Eliano Cascardi and Giuseppe Ingravallo
Cancers 2023, 15(17), 4351; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15174351 - 31 Aug 2023
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Abstract
Skin represents the heaviest organ of the human body, covering a surface area of 1 [...] Full article

Research

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12 pages, 3088 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Non-Overlapping Somatic Mutations in BRAF, NRAS, NF1, or CKIT on the Incidence and Outcome of Brain Metastases during Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy of Metastatic Melanoma
by Wolfram Samlowski
Cancers 2024, 16(3), 594; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16030594 - 30 Jan 2024
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Abstract
Previous studies suggested that somatic BRAF and NRAS mutations in metastatic melanoma increase the risk for brain metastases. The risk related to other non-overlapping “driver” mutations is unknown. We performed a retrospective evaluation of the incidence, timing, and outcome of brain metastases in [...] Read more.
Previous studies suggested that somatic BRAF and NRAS mutations in metastatic melanoma increase the risk for brain metastases. The risk related to other non-overlapping “driver” mutations is unknown. We performed a retrospective evaluation of the incidence, timing, and outcome of brain metastases in a population of melanoma patients that underwent uniform next-gen sequencing. All patients were treated with initial checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Seventeen of 88 patients (20.0%) developed brain metastases. Eleven patients had brain metastases at diagnosis (12.9%). These were all patients with BRAF V600 or NF1 mutations. Only six patients with NRAS, NF1, KIT, or BRAF mutations (including fusions/internal rearrangements experienced delayed CNS progression following immunotherapy (7.1%)). No “quadruple negative” patient developed brain metastases. Patients with brain metastases at diagnosis had a better outcome than those with delayed intracranial progression. Current predictive markers, (LDH, tumor mutation burden, and PDL1) were poorly correlated with the development of brain metastases. Treatment with immunotherapy appears to reduce the incidence of brain metastases. Next-gen molecular sequencing of tumors in metastatic melanoma patients was useful in identifying genetic subpopulations with an increased or reduced risk of brain metastases. This may allow eventual personalization of screening strategies. Full article
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Review

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25 pages, 2242 KiB  
Review
The Keratinocyte in the Picture Cutaneous Melanoma Microenvironment
by Ramona Marrapodi and Barbara Bellei
Cancers 2024, 16(5), 913; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16050913 - 23 Feb 2024
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Abstract
Melanoma progression is a multistep evolution from a common melanocytic nevus through a radial superficial growth phase, the invasive vertical growth phase finally leading to metastatic dissemination into distant organs. Melanoma aggressiveness largely depends on the propensity to metastasize, which means the capacity [...] Read more.
Melanoma progression is a multistep evolution from a common melanocytic nevus through a radial superficial growth phase, the invasive vertical growth phase finally leading to metastatic dissemination into distant organs. Melanoma aggressiveness largely depends on the propensity to metastasize, which means the capacity to escape from the physiological microenvironment since tissue damage due to primary melanoma lesions is generally modest. Physiologically, epidermal melanocytes are attached to the basement membrane, and their adhesion/migration is under the control of surrounding keratinocytes. Thus, the epidermal compartment represents the first microenvironment responsible for melanoma spread. This complex process involves cell–cell contact and a broad range of secreted bioactive molecules. Invasion, or at the beginning of the microinvasion, implies the breakdown of the dermo-epidermal basement membrane followed by the migration of neoplastic melanocytic cells in the superficial papillary dermis. Correspondingly, several experimental evidences documented the structural and functional rearrangement of the entire tissue surrounding neoplasm that in some way reflects the atypia of tumor cells. Lastly, the microenvironment must support the proliferation and survival of melanocytes outside the normal epidermal–melanin units. This task presumably is mostly delegated to fibroblasts and ultimately to the self-autonomous capacity of melanoma cells. This review will discuss remodeling that occurs in the epidermis during melanoma formation as well as skin changes that occur independently of melanocytic hyperproliferation having possible pro-tumoral features. Full article
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