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Engineered Wood and Bamboo Composites in Hybrid Buildings
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Engineered Wood and Bamboo Composites in Hybrid Buildings

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Materials, and Repair & Renovation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 April 2023) | Viewed by 9901

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sardar Malek

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Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
Interests: mass timber buildings; composite structures; sustainable building materials; computational mechanics; multi-scale modelling

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the last decade, significant advancements in manufacturing processes, coupled with environmental concerns about the carbon footprint of cement and steel production, have driven the use of sustainable composite products made from renewable resources such as wood, bamboo, and natural fibres in buildings. Research studies have shown the great potential of wood, bamboo, and their composite products with steel and concrete in the construction of tall hybrid buildings. Although the results of such studies are very promising, there are certain aspects—such as fire, connection, durability, and the long-term performance of hybrid systems—which require further investigation in order to make tall-building construction with renewable resources a feasible alternative.

The aims of this Special Issue are to (i) highlight advances in development of sustainable composite products that can be used in conjunction with other structural materials for high-rise construction, and (ii) address challenges in the design and analysis of hybrid systems.

Dr. Sardar Malek
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hybrid construction
  • hybrid shear wall
  • timber-concrete composite floor
  • steel-timber composite floor
  • cross-laminated timber
  • glued-laminated timber
  • nail-laminated timber
  • dowel-laminated timber
  • timber joints
  • bamboo composites

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 42213 KiB  
Article
Axial Compression Behavior of FRP Confined Laminated Timber Columns under Cyclic Loadings
by Feng Shi, Libin Wang, Hao Du, Min Zhao, Hao Li, Feiqiu Wang and Shuangjun Wang
Buildings 2022, 12(11), 1841; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111841 - 01 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4055
Abstract
Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) has been proved to be effective to improve the structural strength and ductility for column structures. An experimental study was conducted to investigate the compressive performance of FRP confined glued-laminated timber (GLT) and cross-laminated timber (CLT) columns. A total [...] Read more.
Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) has been proved to be effective to improve the structural strength and ductility for column structures. An experimental study was conducted to investigate the compressive performance of FRP confined glued-laminated timber (GLT) and cross-laminated timber (CLT) columns. A total of 60 column specimens of two dimensions in height using different FRP types, FRP thickness, and laminate types were tested under cyclic axial compression loads. This study focuses on the compressive capacity and ductility of the new FRP composited timber structure. For this purpose, a loading protocol was designed, including a force-dependent pre-load and an amplitude-increasing displacement-dependent cyclic compression load. The results showed that the ultimate compression load of specimens was considerably promoted by the FRP sheets. Wrapping FRP sheets led to an average improvement of 29% and 24% for the FRP confined CLT and GLT specimens, respectively, compared to the initial stiffness of unreinforced specimens. Using the FRP sheets, the energy dissipation capacity of CLT and GLT specimens was increased by 358% and 266%, respectively. In general, GLT specimens had a higher energy dissipation rate compared to the CLT specimens, while CLT specimens showed a better potential for sustained energy consumption if confined with sufficient FRP sheets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Engineered Wood and Bamboo Composites in Hybrid Buildings)
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21 pages, 4900 KiB  
Article
Constitutive Material Model for the Compressive Behaviour of Engineered Bamboo
by Janeshka Goonewardena, Mahmud Ashraf, Johannes Reiner, Bidur Kafle and Mahbube Subhani
Buildings 2022, 12(9), 1490; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091490 - 19 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1841
Abstract
The mechanical properties of the structural components (i.e., columns and beams produced from engineered bamboo products), such as, bamboo scrimber (also known as parallel bamboo strand lumber, PBSL) and Laminated Bamboo Lumber (LBL), have attracted considerable attention from researchers in recent years. In [...] Read more.
The mechanical properties of the structural components (i.e., columns and beams produced from engineered bamboo products), such as, bamboo scrimber (also known as parallel bamboo strand lumber, PBSL) and Laminated Bamboo Lumber (LBL), have attracted considerable attention from researchers in recent years. In previous studies, researchers reported on the stress-strain behaviour of bamboo scrimber, LBL and glue laminated bamboo under compression and proposed some empirical and semi-empirical models, based on their individual studies. However, a generic constitutive model for engineered bamboo products is still not available. The compressive stress-strain curves of bamboo scrimber and LBL are reported to show a similar behaviour with three distinct stages i.e., a linear elastic stage followed by a nonlinear plastic stage and a plateau. As part of the current study, the previously proposed models for bamboo scrimber were carefully studied and all available material test results on engineered bamboo were used to develop a generic constitutive model, based on the Ramberg-Osgood (RO) formulation considering its suitability to capture its material nonlinearity. Based on the test results, it was observed that 1% proof stress can be used in a compound RO model to predict an accurate material response for bamboo scrimber. The proposed modelling technique has also been applied to predict the compressive behaviour of LBL. This paper proposes the RO coefficients for both bamboo scrimber and LBL that can be used to develop accurate nonlinear models for engineered bamboo products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Engineered Wood and Bamboo Composites in Hybrid Buildings)
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15 pages, 4806 KiB  
Article
Using Machine Learning Method to Discover Hygrothermal Transfer Patterns from the Outside of the Wall to Interior Bamboo and Wood Composite Sheathing
by Xiaohuan Wang, Hongping Li, Yurong Zhu, Xiangdong Peng, Zhibin Wan, Huatai Xu, Roger G. Nyberg, William Wei Song and Benhua Fei
Buildings 2022, 12(7), 898; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12070898 - 25 Jun 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1677
Abstract
To identify hygrothermal transfer patterns of exterior walls is a crucial issue in the design, assessment, and construction of buildings. Temperature and relative humidity, as sensor monitoring data, were collected from the outside of the wall to interior bamboo and wood composite sheathing [...] Read more.
To identify hygrothermal transfer patterns of exterior walls is a crucial issue in the design, assessment, and construction of buildings. Temperature and relative humidity, as sensor monitoring data, were collected from the outside of the wall to interior bamboo and wood composite sheathing over the year in Huangshan Mountain District, Anhui Province, China. Combining the machine learning method of reservoir computing (RC) with agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC), a novel clustering framework was built for better extraction of the characteristics of hygrothermal transfer on the time series data. The experimental results confirmed the hypothesis that the change in the temperature and relative humidity of the outside of the wall (RHT12) dominated the change of the interior sheathing (RHT11). The delay time between two adjacent peaks in temperature was 1 to 2 h, while that in relative humidity was 1 to 4 h from the outside of the wall to interior bamboo and wood composite sheathing. There was no significant difference in temperature peak delay time between April and July. Temperature peak delay time was 50 to 120 min. However, relative humidity peak delay time was 100 to 240 min in April, whereas it was 20 to 120 min in July. The impact formed a relatively linear relationship between outdoor temperature and relative humidity peak delay time. The hygrothermal transfer patterns were characterized effectively by the peak delays. The discovery of the hygrothermal transfer patterns for the bamboo and wood composite walls using the machine learning method will facilitate the development of energy-efficient and durable bamboo and wood composite wall materials and structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Engineered Wood and Bamboo Composites in Hybrid Buildings)
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Review

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26 pages, 6156 KiB  
Review
Review of Vibration Assessment Methods for Steel-Timber Composite Floors
by Najmeh Cheraghi-Shirazi, Keith Crews and Sardar Malek
Buildings 2022, 12(12), 2061; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122061 - 24 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1555
Abstract
Human comfort is recognized as an essential serviceability requirement for timber floors. Although several standards and design criteria are available for designing steel and concrete floors, there is no consensus among researchers on the applicability of such design methods to timber composite floors. [...] Read more.
Human comfort is recognized as an essential serviceability requirement for timber floors. Although several standards and design criteria are available for designing steel and concrete floors, there is no consensus among researchers on the applicability of such design methods to timber composite floors. Adding steel to timber floors is intended to create long spans, however, vibration is still a major challenge in achieving longer spans. To highlight the extent of this issue, a comprehensive search in the literature was conducted. The most common vibration criteria that may be used to assess the performance of steel-timber composite floors under human-induced vibrations were reviewed. For lightweight composite floors, the 1 kN deflection limit was found to be the most suitable vibration limit based on a wide range of subjective evaluation studies. For composite floors comprising steel and heavier timber subfloors, the relevance of 1 kN deflection criterion and other criteria suggested in the literature are questionable due to the lack of subjective evaluation studies. In the advent of advanced computing and data analysis, conducting detailed numerical analysis validated by accurate on-site measurements is recommended. Special attentions should be given to accurate estimation of connection stiffness and damping ratio according to the findings of this study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Engineered Wood and Bamboo Composites in Hybrid Buildings)
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