Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
3.1
3.8
Journals
Buildings
Special Issues
The Application and Performance of Timber in Construction
share announcement

The Application and Performance of Timber in Construction

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Materials, and Repair & Renovation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 7714

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Andreas Ringhofer

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Timber Engineering and Wood Technology, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
Interests: building materials; structural analysis; construction engineering; timber; civil engineering materials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Modern timber engineering has become not only an ecological and CO2-saving but also an economically and technologically competitive alternative to conventional building solutions in steel or reinforced concrete. High-rise, multi-story buildings in Vienna (AT), London (UK), Melbourne (AU), Singapore (SG), or Vancouver (CA), airports in Vienna (AT) or Lapu-Lapu (PH), or wide-span roof structures in Frankfurt (DE) or Taiyuan (CN) are just a few of many examples where timber constructions have entered market segments, which were formerly reserved for these traditional but energy-intensive building materials.

The main reason for this continuing success are the increasing professionalization of the design, production, and logistics along the whole value-added chain as well as ongoing research and development activities of timber products such as GLT, CLT, or LVL and the connection technology in form of self-tapping screws, glued-in rods, and prefabricated system solutions. With regard to residential housing, special building service solutions for timber buildings have been significantly improved as well.

This Special Issue will provide a state-of-the-art research compilation of basic works, development activities, and case studies with a significant contribution to the present and future success of timber members applied in construction. Contributions concentrating on design methods appropriate to the (timber) material involved, with a special interdisciplinary focus or dealing with the latest trends in timber engineering (hardwood application, prefabrication, systematization, etc.) are encouraged.

Dr. Andreas Ringhofer
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • timber buildings
  • multi-story buildings
  • wide-span roof structures
  • timber engineering
  • hardwood application
  • prefabrication
  • systematization
  • timber products

Published Papers (5 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

15 pages, 6743 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study to Determine the Development of Axial Stiffness of Wood Screws with Increasing Load Cycles
by Sebastian Egner and Philipp Dietsch
Buildings 2024, 14(4), 1109; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14041109 - 15 Apr 2024
Viewed by 242
Abstract
123 withdrawal tests were conducted to investigate the change in axial stiffness of fully threaded screws under axial loading and up to four loading cycles. The screws were initially loaded in two cycles within the elastic range, followed by two cycles up to [...] Read more.
123 withdrawal tests were conducted to investigate the change in axial stiffness of fully threaded screws under axial loading and up to four loading cycles. The screws were initially loaded in two cycles within the elastic range, followed by two cycles up to 90% of the characteristic load-carrying capacity. Several parameters relevant to construction practice were varied. The angle between the screw axis and the grain ranged from 30° to 90°, the timber material was varied between glued laminated timber (glulam) and laminated veneer lumber (LVL) made of beech, and the screw diameter ranged from 8 mm to 12 mm. The test results indicate that axial stiffness increases upon reloading compared to the initial loading. On average, axial stiffness increases by 11% between the first and second loading and remains at this level during unloading and further load cycles. However, if the load exceeds the linear–elastic range, the axial stiffness is reduced due to plastic deformation. A comparison with tests on the composite axial stiffness of fully threaded screws in glulam shows that even with a different test setup and testing objective, there is a slight increase in axial stiffness from the first to the second load cycle in the range of 4 to 8%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application and Performance of Timber in Construction)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 8159 KiB  
Article
A Timber–Concrete–Composite Edge Connection for Two-Way Spanning Cross-Laminated Timber Slabs—Experimental Investigations and Analytical Approach
by Thomas Stieb, Roland Maderebner and Philipp Dietsch
Buildings 2023, 13(12), 3004; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13123004 - 01 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1947
Abstract
This paper introduces a method to create a moment-resisting edge connection between two cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels. With this connection, two-way spanning cross-laminated timber slabs can be realised, where the span exceeds the manufacturing and transport-related width of the individual CLT panels. Until [...] Read more.
This paper introduces a method to create a moment-resisting edge connection between two cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels. With this connection, two-way spanning cross-laminated timber slabs can be realised, where the span exceeds the manufacturing and transport-related width of the individual CLT panels. Until now, mostly on-site gluing solutions have been suggested for such connections. In this study, a solution using a timber–concrete–composite (TCC) system is proposed. For this, self-tapping screws are inserted along the edge face of the CLT component, enabling the formation of a lap splice between two adjacent CLT elements. This lap splice is reinforced by additional rebars and filled with concrete. This means that only familiar, easy-to-handle materials are used on-site, and there is no need for adhesives, which can be difficult to apply. To evaluate the load-bearing capacity of the connection, it was subjected to a pure bending load in four-point bending tests, where load-bearing capacities of up to 70% of the characteristic load-bearing capacity of the solid CLT elements were achieved. An analytical approach for a simplified engineering calculation model is introduced to determine the load acting upon the screws. Based on the experimental results, it is shown that the analytical approach is able to adequately represent the load-bearing capacity of the connection. The analytically determined forces on the screws may then be used to carry out further verifications on this connection method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application and Performance of Timber in Construction)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

27 pages, 4960 KiB  
Article
Rolling Shear Strength of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT)—Testing, Evaluation, and Design
by David Glasner, Andreas Ringhofer, Reinhard Brandner and Gerhard Schickhofer
Buildings 2023, 13(11), 2831; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13112831 - 11 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1266
Abstract
Cross laminated timber (CLT), with its typical orthogonal layering and exposure to out-of-plane bending, develops inherent rolling shear stresses. These stresses need to be checked during the ultimate limit state design process. With the ongoing revision of Eurocode 5, a discussion regarding the [...] Read more.
Cross laminated timber (CLT), with its typical orthogonal layering and exposure to out-of-plane bending, develops inherent rolling shear stresses. These stresses need to be checked during the ultimate limit state design process. With the ongoing revision of Eurocode 5, a discussion regarding the characteristic value of the rolling shear strength of CLT has arisen. One obstacle in the discussion is seen in the lack of harmonized regulations concerning how to determine rolling shear properties. This circumstance manifests in the greatly diverging test results of different institutions testing the rolling shear strength. The paper at hand aims to propose a candidate for such harmonized regulations. To achieve this, the most common test setups, such as the inclined shear test, three- and four-point bending tests, etc., were numerically and experimentally investigated. Within the numerical investigations, a comparison of the most common calculation methods (Timoshenko beam theory, modified γ-method, Shear Analogy Method, and Finite Element Analysis) for evaluating rolling shear stresses was included. In the experimental program, parameters such as the specimen width, number, and thickness of the cross layer(s), shear length, optional reinforcement against the stresses perpendicular to the grain, and the overall test setup were varied. It was found that the used test setups themselves and the area of the cross layer(s) (shear length, number, and thickness of the cross layer(s)) have a major impact on the rolling shear strength. In contrast, no effect was found from the calculation methods. Based on these findings and on a database of approx. 300 four-point bending rolling shear tests on CLT specimens from five well-established CLT manufacturers, a model for the regulation of the rolling shear strength of CLT is proposed, in combination with a corresponding four-point bending test setup. Afterwards, with two additionally conducted four-point bending test series, the proposed model is successfully validated. The conclusions and recommendations in respect to the test setup (four-point bending), evaluation procedure (Timoshenko beam theory), reference characteristic rolling shear strength, and the model, which allows adapting the reference rolling shear strength to individual conditions, are seen as a worthy basis for a more objective discussion on this topic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application and Performance of Timber in Construction)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

27 pages, 1692 KiB  
Article
Regression Models for the Description of the Behaviour of Modern Timber Joints
by Dorotea Caprio and Robert Jockwer
Buildings 2023, 13(11), 2693; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13112693 - 25 Oct 2023
Viewed by 686
Abstract
Joints in timber structures are today typically designed in a simplistic manner, i.e., by assuming linear elastic behaviour or neglecting their real stiffness by assuming ideal pinned or fixed conditions. While such assumptions may be acceptable for simple structures, they do not reflect [...] Read more.
Joints in timber structures are today typically designed in a simplistic manner, i.e., by assuming linear elastic behaviour or neglecting their real stiffness by assuming ideal pinned or fixed conditions. While such assumptions may be acceptable for simple structures, they do not reflect the real behaviour of joints in complex structures, and could, in some cases, lead either to an over-conservative or even unsafe design. Therefore, a more accurate and realistic representation of the nonlinear behaviour of joints with mechanical fasteners is needed. The most common modern timber joints with mechanical fasteners are realized with dowels, bolts, glued-in rods, or self-tapping screws. In this paper, an overview of the impact of the most influential parameters on the shape of the load-displacement curves of these joints under common static loading is given. The joints were differentiated according to the characteristics of their nonlinear load-displacement behaviour. Different analytical models from the literature for the description of the load-displacement curves of timber joints were reviewed. The performance and suitability of these models for describing the variety of nonlinear load-displacement behaviours of joints were evaluated and the advantages and limitations of each model were identified. It was found that the Richard–Abbott model is the most suitable to parametrize a variety of timber joints and to capture the variability of the test data by its parameters. Such an analytical model can be used to incorporate a parametrized, more realistic, nonlinear load-displacement representation of the behaviour of joints in reliability analyses, structural design software, and design guidance for modern timber structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application and Performance of Timber in Construction)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 5855 KiB  
Article
Bending Properties and Vibration Characteristics of Dowel-Laminated Timber Panels Made with Short Salvaged Timber Elements
by Lorenzo Giordano, Mohammad Derikvand and Gerhard Fink
Buildings 2023, 13(1), 199; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010199 - 11 Jan 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2434
Abstract
Salvaged timber elements often have length limitations, and therefore, their reuse in structural products normally would require additional processing and end-to-end joining. This increases the costs of reusing such materials, which makes them even less attractive to the timber sector. In the presented [...] Read more.
Salvaged timber elements often have length limitations, and therefore, their reuse in structural products normally would require additional processing and end-to-end joining. This increases the costs of reusing such materials, which makes them even less attractive to the timber sector. In the presented research, a new approach is proposed for reusing short, salvaged timber elements combined with new (full-scale) timber boards to fabricate dowel-laminated timber (DLT) panels without significant processing or end-to-end joining or gluing. In this approach, salvaged timber elements are pressed in the system in such a way that they can contribute to the bending performance of the DLT panels by resisting compression stress. In order to evaluate the effectiveness, several small-scale and large-scale DLT panels were fabricated. Salvaged plywood tenons were used as connectors. The bending stiffness of the small-scale DLT panels and the first eigenfrequency, damping ratio, bending properties, and failure modes of the large-scale DLT panels were evaluated. The results exhibited that by using the proposed approach, the short, salvaged timber elements can contribute substantially to the bending stiffness of the DLT panels without requiring end-to-end joining or gluing. On average, about a 40% increase in the bending stiffness could be achieved by pressing in the salvaged timber elements, which results in relatively similar stiffness properties compared to conventional DLT panels. One further characteristic is that the failure of the panels, and therefore the panel’s strength, is mainly governed by the quality of the full-scale timber boards instead of the salvaged ones. This can be beneficial for practical use as the qualitative assessment of the strength properties of salvaged timber becomes less critical. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application and Performance of Timber in Construction)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-5
Back to TopTop