Advanced Seismic Technologies in Underground Structures

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Structures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 11886

Special Issue Editor

State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
Interests: civil engineering; seismic performance of underground structures; artificial intelligence; performance-based design; seismic damages

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Underground structures (e.g. tunnels, powerhouses, pipes) play an important role in fields of transportation and energy. Moreover, the number and scale of underground structures are constantly increasing. During the past few major earthquakes, many underground structures have been severely damaged. Therefore, it is crucial to better understand the seismic behavior of underground structures and to propose targeted controls.

In recent decades, a large number of studies have been conducted on seismic hazard analyses, monitoring techniques, and disaster controls. The main objective of this Special issue is to present current research on seismic analysis and design of underground structures. Origin contributions in numerical and experimental investigations, monitoring techniques, innovative support materials, and case studies are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Wusheng Zhao
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • tunnels
  • earthquake
  • dynamic response
  • sensing technique
  • seismic hazard analysis
  • support
  • hazard controls
  • case study

Published Papers (8 papers)

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18 pages, 7918 KiB  
Article
Numerical Investigation on the Dynamic Response of Fault-Crossing Tunnels under Strike-Slip Fault Creep-Slip and Subsequent Seismic Shaking
by Shuquan Peng, Yuankai Zeng, Ling Fan, Guobo Wang, Zhize Xun and Guoliang Chen
Buildings 2023, 13(5), 1163; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13051163 - 27 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1099
Abstract
Tunnels built in geologically active areas are prone to severe damage due to fault dislocation and subsequent earthquakes. Using the Ngong tunnel in the East African Rift Valley as an example, the dynamic response of a fault-crossing tunnel and the corresponding sensitivity are [...] Read more.
Tunnels built in geologically active areas are prone to severe damage due to fault dislocation and subsequent earthquakes. Using the Ngong tunnel in the East African Rift Valley as an example, the dynamic response of a fault-crossing tunnel and the corresponding sensitivity are numerically simulated by considering four factors, i.e., tunnel joint stiffness, isolation layer elastic modulus, strike-slip fault creep-slip and earthquakes. The results show that a valley-shaped propagation of peak displacement at the tunnel invert occurs in the longitudinal axis direction under an earthquake alone. Then, it transforms into an S-shaped under strike-slip fault creep-slip and subsequent seismic shaking. The tunnel invert in the fault zone is susceptible to tensile and shear failures under strike-slip fault creep-slip movements of less than 15 cm and subsequent seismic shaking. Furthermore, the peak tensile and shear stress responses of the tunnel invert in the fault zone are more sensitive to fault creep-slip than earthquakes. They are also more sensitive to the isolation layer elastic modulus compared to the joint stiffness of a segmental tunnel with two segments. The stress responses can be effectively reduced when the isolation layer elastic modulus logarithmic ratio equals −4. Therefore, the isolation layer is more suitable to mitigate the potential failure under small strike-slip fault creep-slip and subsequent seismic shaking than segmental tunnels with two segments. The results of this study can provide some reference for the disaster mitigation of fault-crossing tunnels in terms of dynamic damage in active fault zones. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Seismic Technologies in Underground Structures)
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13 pages, 10850 KiB  
Article
Experimental Research on the Dynamic Characteristics of Several Model Soils in Small Strain Range and Application in Shaking Table Model Test
by Zhaoxia Ma, Guobo Wang and Yao Wang
Buildings 2023, 13(3), 592; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030592 - 23 Feb 2023
Viewed by 874
Abstract
Reasonable model soil is very important in shaking table model tests to reduce the distortion of the soil structure stiffness ratio. Several model soils, such as sawdust soil, sawdust sand, rubber granular soil, rubber powder soil, and sawdust kaolin were prepared and a [...] Read more.
Reasonable model soil is very important in shaking table model tests to reduce the distortion of the soil structure stiffness ratio. Several model soils, such as sawdust soil, sawdust sand, rubber granular soil, rubber powder soil, and sawdust kaolin were prepared and a dynamic triaxial test proceeded to determine their dynamic characteristics. The experimental results showed that the variation of the dynamic shear modulus and dynamic damping ratio with dynamic shear strain was consistent with that of undisturbed soil. Finally, sawdust soil was adapted to a shaking table test of complex interaction systems and achieved good results. The results showed that sawdust soil is feasible as model soil. The research results can provide helpful references for the design of a similar shaking model test. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Seismic Technologies in Underground Structures)
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19 pages, 9540 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Earth Retaining Performance for Long-Short Piles Composite Structures from Field Experiments and Numerical Analysis
by Huailong Zhu, Bitang Zhu, Changjie Xu, Wei Liu and Dongdong Guo
Buildings 2022, 12(10), 1524; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101524 - 23 Sep 2022
Viewed by 1252
Abstract
Retaining pile structure is commonly utilized in excavation maintenance design. In recent years, the long-short combined retaining piles have received more and more attention. According to the actual deep excavation engineering, the working mechanism of the long-short, long-double-short, and long-triple-short combined retaining piles [...] Read more.
Retaining pile structure is commonly utilized in excavation maintenance design. In recent years, the long-short combined retaining piles have received more and more attention. According to the actual deep excavation engineering, the working mechanism of the long-short, long-double-short, and long-triple-short combined retaining piles was tested in the field. Based on the field test parameters, the finite element model of the test area was established and the simulation results were verified, and the effects of short pile length and pile spacing on bending moment, horizontal displacement of piles, surface settlement, and excavation bottom heave were further investigated. The results show that the bending moment of the long pile is larger than the short pile. The bending moment of the long pile and short pile increases gradually with the increase in the number of short piles. When the combination changes from combination 1 to 3, the peak moment of the long pile and short pile increases by 15.8% and 15.2%, respectively. The maximum displacement is near the pile top, combination 3 has the largest horizontal displacement, and the peak displacement of the long pile and the short pile is 17.21 mm and 17.87 mm, respectively, but almost no effect exists on the horizontal displacement below the excavation bottom. In addition, reducing short pile length and increasing pile spacing will increase bending moment and horizontal displacement of the long and short piles to a certain extent, and this phenomenon is mainly concentrated above the excavation bottom, the influence of short pile length and pile spacing on surface settlement and excavation bottom heave can be ignored. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Seismic Technologies in Underground Structures)
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18 pages, 4975 KiB  
Article
Subarea Description and Breakage Constitutive Model of Rock Mass Based on CT Test
by Yao Zhang, Chenghao Chen, Xiaotao Yin and Jiadong Chen
Buildings 2022, 12(8), 1232; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081232 - 13 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1055
Abstract
Based on CT experiments of the mechanical behavior of a certain sandstone, the safety zone, the damaging zone, and the fracture zone of geotechnical materials were defined, and the CT threshold standard of this zone was discussed and empirically selected. Mathematical morphological image [...] Read more.
Based on CT experiments of the mechanical behavior of a certain sandstone, the safety zone, the damaging zone, and the fracture zone of geotechnical materials were defined, and the CT threshold standard of this zone was discussed and empirically selected. Mathematical morphological image measurement technology was used to analyze the CT information of each section, and the variation law of the sandstone CT number with the loading process and the conditions of the damaging zone was studied. According to the statistical results of the CT number of the safety zone, the damaging zone, and the fracture zone obtained at each loading stage, a statistical-damage variable based on the CT number was defined, and the equation of the damage evolution pertinent to this damage variable was established. On the basis of all these data, a constitutive model that can reflect the divisional damage-fracture of sandstone was constructed. The theoretical stress–strain curve and the measured curve were well fitted, demonstrating that the improved constitutive model could accurately reflect the failure of sandstone partitions. A qualitative analysis of CT scans and a quantitative analysis of the constitutive model were combined in this experiment, which has a certain reference value for the development of geotechnical engineering experiments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Seismic Technologies in Underground Structures)
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14 pages, 3959 KiB  
Article
Structural Response of a Prefabricated Utility Tunnel Subject to a Reverse Fault
by Xiangguo Wu, Chenhang Nie, Dan Li, Faqiang Qiu and Yunchao Tang
Buildings 2022, 12(8), 1086; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081086 - 25 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1346
Abstract
Prefabricated utility tunnels have drawn much attention in relation to rapid urban development. On this, how to maintain the integrity of an underground lifeline, which is subjected to unexpected fault displacement action, is a concern either from the design or the construction aspect. [...] Read more.
Prefabricated utility tunnels have drawn much attention in relation to rapid urban development. On this, how to maintain the integrity of an underground lifeline, which is subjected to unexpected fault displacement action, is a concern either from the design or the construction aspect. By applying the commercial software program ABAQUS, this paper presents a systematic numerical simulation of a prefabricated utility tunnel affected by a reverse fault. The critical parameters investigated in this study include fault displacement, burial depth, utility tunnel-soil friction coefficient, and the angle of the utility tunnel crossing the fault plane. Results of the numerical modeling revealed that: (1) both the overall structural deformation and the spliced joints deformation of the prefabricated utility tunnel increase with increasing fault displacement, which greatly reduces the waterproofing ability of the utility tunnel joints; (2) the opening displacement of the joints on the roof of the utility tunnel near the fault plane is positively correlated with burial depth, but the variation is slight; (3) the variations in utility tunnel-soil friction coefficient have little effect on the overall structural deformation and the spliced joints deformation; (4) the opening displacement of the spliced joints of the utility tunnel basically gradually increases with an increase in the crossing angle near the fault plane, which is different than when it is away from the fault plane. The main outcomes obtained from this study can provide reference for the construction of prefabricated utility tunnel in fault active area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Seismic Technologies in Underground Structures)
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16 pages, 4490 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Properties of Soil Cements for Numerical Modelling of the Foundation’s Basis Transformed under the Technology of Deep Soil Mixing: A Determination Method
by Armen Ter-Martirosyan, Vitalii Sidorov and Evgeny Sobolev
Buildings 2022, 12(7), 1028; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12071028 - 16 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1420
Abstract
This research investigates the mechanical properties of soil-cement specimens ranging from ultrasmall to large values of shear strain at dynamic loading. The nonlinear behavior of soil cement exposed to dynamic loading in a wide range of changing shear strains was examined on the [...] Read more.
This research investigates the mechanical properties of soil-cement specimens ranging from ultrasmall to large values of shear strain at dynamic loading. The nonlinear behavior of soil cement exposed to dynamic loading in a wide range of changing shear strains was examined on the basis of two mechanical models. All soil-cement specimens were collected from under an existing building and modified with deep soil mixing (DSM.). Soil-cement samples were examined using low-amplitude oscillations in the resonant column and the dynamic triaxial compression method. Additionally, the stress–strain state for modified footings exposed to dynamic loading, and the approximation of soil stiffness and damping coefficient was analyzed. Dependencies on the basis of the resilient elastic models of Ramberg–Osgood and Hardin–Drnevich are proposed for application. Results reveal that the empirical graphs of the dependency soil stiffness–shear strain based on various methods exhibited the distinctive S-shape of decreased stiffness. The stiffness of the soil cement was reduced by 50% of the maximal value at shear strains of the 10−3 decimal order. The method presented in this study enables the drawing of stiffness change and damping–shear strain dependency where the range of shear strains changes from ultrasmall to large strains. The normalized modulus of shearing and the damping coefficient on shear strains for soil cement could be obtained under the proposed method. This method can be used for the preliminary calculations of structures on the footing modified by mathematical modelling or when field research data from site investigation are not available. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Seismic Technologies in Underground Structures)
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24 pages, 10480 KiB  
Article
Fracture and Damage Characteristics of Granite under Uniaxial Disturbance Loads
by Botao Fei, Gang Wang, Xinping Li, Xiqi Liu and Leibo Song
Buildings 2022, 12(7), 1008; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12071008 - 13 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1109
Abstract
To investigate the mechanical properties and damage characteristics of granite under frequent disturbance loads in the process of underground engineering construction, laboratory uniaxial compression tests were conducted on granite under combined dynamic and static loading conditions. The following conclusions were reached: (1) under [...] Read more.
To investigate the mechanical properties and damage characteristics of granite under frequent disturbance loads in the process of underground engineering construction, laboratory uniaxial compression tests were conducted on granite under combined dynamic and static loading conditions. The following conclusions were reached: (1) under a dynamic disturbance, the failure stress of granite grows gradually as the initial stress and disturbance load rise due to the coupling of damage and strain-rate effect; (2) the characteristic stresses of granite specimens grow with the increasing amplitude of disturbance Δσ under the disturbing loads; with the same Δσ, the characteristic stresses show an increase trend with the increasing initial stress σm; (3) the particle size distribution of rock fragments broken under the disturbance load follows the fractal law, and the fractal dimension F gradually enlarges with the growth of Δσ, indicative of an increased degree of fragmentation; and (4) the damage variable grows rapidly at first, then steadily, and, finally, shows a rapid growth trend again under the disturbance loads. The Δσ significantly influences the number of cycles and rate of change of the damage variable during the steady increase. This research has certain theoretical significance and engineering guidance value for dynamic disaster recognition and control. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Seismic Technologies in Underground Structures)
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15 pages, 7069 KiB  
Essay
Vibration Test and Control of Factory a Building under Excitation of Multiple Vibrating Screens
by Jianxin Yu, Zhenzhen Li, Zhenhua Zhang, Wusheng Zhao, Zhiwei Niu and Jingji Cheng
Buildings 2022, 12(5), 607; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050607 - 06 May 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2567
Abstract
In order to reduce the excessive vibration responses of a reinforced concrete frame structure induced by several vibrating screens working simultaneously, field vibration monitoring and some vibration reduction measures are carried out. The results of field vibration monitoring show that the maximum vertical [...] Read more.
In order to reduce the excessive vibration responses of a reinforced concrete frame structure induced by several vibrating screens working simultaneously, field vibration monitoring and some vibration reduction measures are carried out. The results of field vibration monitoring show that the maximum vertical vibration of the structure exceeds 106% of the limitation of building vibration. The results of the structural response analysis show that the excessive structural vibration is attributed to the resonance, as the frequency of the vibrating screens coincides with vertical natural frequency of the floors of the factory structure. Based on this fact, three vibration control measures, including damping, active vibration isolation of vibrating screens and structural vibration absorption, are proposed to mitigate the excessive vibration. In order to analyze the vibration control performance of the proposed schemes, the finite element dynamic model of the factory building structure is established, and the model is verified by the results of vibration and mode tests. Then, the damping system, vibration isolation system and vibration absorption system are set up in the models, and the vibration control performance of the three schemes are investigated. The results show that the measures, including vibration isolation and absorption, can reduce the vibration by more than 80%. Combined with the demand for a short construction period, the active vibration isolation of vibrating screens is finally selected. After the implementation of the scheme, the field monitoring data show that the structural vibration response is consistent with the finite element result and obviously weakened to meet the limitation. This study can provide a reference for the vibration control design for similar screening factory buildings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Seismic Technologies in Underground Structures)
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